Wanangwa wa LGBT mu Afilika

Kufuma Wikipedia

LGBT rights in Afilika
  Nthengwa za ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha
  Kuzomerezga kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha kweni kwambura kuzomerezgeka
  Ni jele kweni ŵakukaka yayi
  Wakulangika na jele
  Cilango ca nyifwa kweni cikapelekeka yayi
  Cilango ca nyifwa
ChizomelezgoKuzomerezgeka mu vyaru 22 pa vyaru 55
Ku malo ghose 8
KujimanyaKuzomerezgeka mu vyaru 4 pa vyaru 55
Ku malo 7 pa malo 8 ghose, dango likukolerana na dango
Chizomelezgo ku
ŵasilikali		Kuzomerezgeka kuteŵetera mwawanangwa mu caru cimoza pa vyaru 55
Allowed in all 8 territories
Discrimination protectionsVikuvikilirika mu vyaru 7 pa vyaru 55.
Protected in all 8 territories
Maufulu ghamu banja
Recognition of relationshipsRecognized in 1 out of 55 countries
Recognized in all 8 territories
VyakukanizgikaSame-sex marriage constitutionally banned in 9 out of 55 countries
Kulela mwanaLegal in 1 out of 55 countries
Legal in all 8 territories

Kuyana na umo vinthu viliri ku South Africa na Cape Verde, wanangwa wa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi awo ŵakutemwa kugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵanyawo (LGBT) mu Africa ngwakukwana yayi pakuyaniska na wa ku United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australia, na New Zealand. Pa vyaru 55 ivyo vyakumanyikwa na wupu wa United Nations panji African Union panji vyaru vyose viŵiri, wupu wa International Gay and Lesbian Association ukati mu 2015, kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha nkhuheni mu vyaru 34 vya mu Africa.[1] Wupu wa Human Rights Watch ukuti vyaru vinyake viŵiri, Benin na Central African Republic, vikukana yayi kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi pera, kweni vili na malango ghanyake agho ghakususkana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi pera. Malango ghanandi agho ghakukanizga kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha ghakaŵako mu nyengo ya ufumu wa Britain.[2]

Ku Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Djibouti, Ivory Coast, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Madagascar, Mali, Niger, na Rwanda, ŵanthu ŵakugonana ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha ŵandaŵikeko mulandu. Ku Angola, Botswana, Cape Verde, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Mozambique, São Tomé na Príncipe, Seychelles, na South Africa, ŵanthu ŵakukana kugwiliskira ntchito mankhwala agha. Mu Novembala 2006, charu cha South Africa chikaŵa chachinkhondi kuzomerezga nthengwa za ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha. Mu vyaru vinkhondi na viŵiri vya mu Africa, muli malango ghakukanizga kusankhana pakati pa ŵanalume na ŵanakazi ŵa mtundu unyake (LGBT): Angola, Botswana, Cape Verde, Mauritius, Mozambique, Seychelles, na South Africa. Nangauli boma likulimbikira kukora dango ili, kweni sonosono apa ŵamazaza ŵanandi ŵayowoya kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵanyawo ŵaŵe na chilango chikuru. Mu 2009 na 2014, dango la ku Uganda lakukanizga kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha (anti-homosexuality law), ilo pakwamba likapelekanga chilango cha nyifwa ku ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha, likakopa ŵanthu ŵanandi.

Kwambira mu 2011, vyaru vinyake vyakurughakura vikughanaghana vya kukanizga panji kukanizga ŵanthu awo ŵakutemwa kugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵambura kutemwana. Nangauli vili nthena, vyaru vinandi vya mu Africa vikukana kusazgirako wanangwa wa ŵanthu ŵa mtundu uwu, ndipo nyengo zinyake vikulemba malango ghakusazgirako chilango ku ŵanthu ŵa mtundu uwu. Ŵalongozgi ŵa ku Africa nga ni Robert Mugabe wa ku Zimbabwe na Yoweri Museveni wa ku Uganda ŵakayowoya kuti nkharo ya ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa LGBT yikiza mu Africa kufuma ku vigaŵa vinyake vya caru. Ndipouli, kafukufuku wakulongora kuti kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha kwaŵako kale comene mu vyaru vya mu Africa.[3][4][5][6]

Mu 2011, pa ungano wa wupu wa UN uwo ukazomerezga wanangwa wa ŵanalume na ŵanakazi ŵa mtundu wa LGBT, ŵamazaza ŵakapika mwaŵi wakuti ŵayowoyepo ivyo ŵakugomezga pa nkhani iyi. Mu vyaru ivi muli vyaru nga ni Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritius, Rwanda, São Tomé na Príncipe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, na South Africa. Vyaru vinandi vya mu Africa vikasuska fundo iyi. Maboma agho ghakanjilirapo ghakaŵa Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Mozambique, Namibia, Republic of Congo, na Zambia.

Mu vigaŵa vya kumwera kwa Somalia, Somaliland, Mauritania, kumpoto kwa Nigeria, na Uganda, ŵanthu awo ŵakugonana ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha ŵakulangika na nyifwa. Mu vyaru vya Sudan, Gambia, Tanzania, na Sierra Leone, ŵanthu awo ŵakugonana ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha ŵangakakika umoyo wawo wose. Padera pa kukanizga kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha, chalo cha Nigeria chalemba malango agho ghakukanizga ŵanthu ŵaviŵaro vyakupambana na vyawo, ŵabwezi na ŵabwezi ŵa ŵanthu ŵaviŵaro vyakupambana na vyawo kuti ŵaŵawovwire. Kuyana na dango la ku Nigeria, munthu uyo wakukolerana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵambura kutorana "uyo wakuchita vinthu ivyo vikususkana na kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha" wangakakika vyaka 10.[7]

Boma la South Africa ndilo likuzomerezga ŵanthu awo ŵakugonana ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha. Charu cha South Africa ndico nchigaŵa cimoza pera mu Africa umo kusankhana mtundu uliwose kwa ŵa LGBT kuli kukanizgika na dango. Mu 2006, charu cha South Africa ndicho chikaŵa chakwamba kuzomerezga kuti ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵatoranenge ŵekhaŵekha. Ndipouli, kusankhana nkhucepa comene mu misumba yikuruyikuru, ndipo mu misumba nga ni Johannesburg, Cape Town, Durban, Pretoria, Port Elizabeth, East London, Bloemfontein, Nelspruit, Pietermaritzburg, Kimberley na George muli ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa mtundu wa LGBT. Msumba ukuru wa Johannesburg, Durban, na Cape Town, ndiwo ukuzomerezga ŵanthu ŵa mtundu uwu ndipo ndiwo ŵanthu ŵakuŵatemwa chomene. Ndipouli, nangauli boma likuzomerezga kuti ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa LGBT ŵa mu charu cha South Africa ŵakusuzgika, kweni ŵanthu aŵa ŵakusuzgika chomene mu vyaru vya ku mizi. Vyaru vya Spain, Portugal, Britain, na France vikazomerezga nthengwa za ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha.

Ŵalendo awo ŵakutemwa kugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵanyawo ŵakuchiskika kuti ŵacitenge mwamahara para ŵali ku Africa kuti ŵaleke kuwonelera ŵanthu ŵakuŵatemwa. Charu cha South Africa chikuwoneka kuti ndi chalo cha Africa icho chikutemwa chomene ŵanthu ŵa mtundu uwu pa nkhani ya wanangwa wa ŵanthu ŵa mtundu uwu..[8]

Mbili ya kugonana kwa ŵanalume pera mu Africa

Further information: LGBT history#Africa and History of homosexuality#Africa

Mbili yakale

Egypt

Nkhani ikulu: Homosexuality in ancient Egypt

Tikumanya yayi umo Ŵaeguputo ŵakawoneranga kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi pera. Mabuku agho ghakulongosora vya kugonana ghakuzunurapo yayi nkharo ya kugonana, kweni ghakulongosora mwakudumura. Mabuku gha ku Eguputo ghakulongosora makora yayi kuti ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi awo ŵakugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵanyawo ŵakaŵa ŵambura kwenelera. Palije buku nanga ndimoza ilo likulongosora kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakugonana ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha ŵakalangikanga. Ntheura, fundo yakuti munthu waŵe wakugomezgeka yikulutilira kuŵa yakusuzga.[9][10]

Nyankh-khnum na Khnum-hotep ŵakufyofyonthana

Nkhani yakumanyikwa comene ya kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha mu Eguputo wakale ni ya Nyankh-Khnum na Khnum-hotep. Ŵanalume ŵaŵiri aŵa ŵakakhalanga na kuteŵetera mu ufumu wa Farawo Niuserre mu nyengo ya muwuso wa fuko la 5. 2494-2345 BC). Nyankh-Khnum na Khnum-hotep waliyose wakaŵa na mbumba yake na ŵana kweniso ŵawoli, kweni ŵakati ŵafwa, mbumba zawo zikaghanaghana kuti ziŵasunge pamoza mu dindi limoza. Mu mastaba iyi, pali vithuzithuzi vinandi ivyo vikulongora ŵanalume ŵaŵiri ŵakukumbatirana na kukhwaskana. Vinthu ivi vikulongora kuti ŵanthu ŵakughanaghana vinandi, chifukwa kale ku Eguputo, para munthu wakukhwaskana mphuno na mphuno, ŵanthu ŵakumufyofyontha.

Ŵanthu awo ŵakusanda vya ku Eguputo na awo ŵakusanda mdauko ŵakukolerana yayi pa nkhani ya umo ŵangalongosolera vithuzithuzi vya Nyankh-khnum na Khnum-hotep. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakusanda vya Baibolo ŵakugomezga kuti vithuzithuzi ivi vikulongora kuti ŵanalume ŵaŵiri ŵakutorana ŵakagonananga. Ŵasayansi ŵanyake ŵakususka ndipo ŵakuwona kuti ivyo vikachitika apa vikulongora kuti Nyankh-khnum na Khnum-hotep ŵakaŵa ŵamphindano. Kwali munthu wangalongosora makora panji yayi, kweni vithuzithuzi ivi vikulongora kuti Nyankh-khnum na Khnum-hotep ŵakaŵa pafupi comene pa umoyo wawo ndiposo pa nyifwa yawo.

Themba la Ŵaroma Constantine mu vyaka vya m'ma 300 C.E. likati likakoma "ŵasembe ŵanandi ŵanakazi" mu msumba wa Alexandria.[3]

Mbili yasono

Kumpoto kwa Afilika

Ku North Africa kukaŵa ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakugonana ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha. Mu mabuku gha Ciarabu agho ghakalembeka na ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yose, kanandi ŵakalongosoranga vyakusanguluska vya kugonana na ŵana. Pali nkhani za ŵanyamata Ŵacikhristu awo ŵakatumika kufuma ku Europe kuti ŵakagwirenge nchito ya kugonana mu Egupto. Ku Cairo, ŵanalume awo ŵakavwaranga vyakuvwara vyakupambanapambana, awo ŵakachemekanga kuti "khawal", ŵakakondweskanga ŵanthu na sumu na kuvina.

Ŵalendo ŵanyake ŵakwambilira kwa m'ma 1900 ŵakalongosora kuti malo gha Siwa ku Eguputo ghakaŵa gha ŵanthu ŵaviŵaro vyakuyana. Gulu linyake la ŵasilikari mu cigaŵa ici ŵakamanyikwanga kuti ŵakupeleka ndalama zakwendeskera nthengwa ku ŵanalume ŵawukirano.

Siegfried Frederick Nadel wakalemba vya mafuko gha Nuba mu Sudan kuumaliro wa m'ma 1930.[11] Wakayowoya kuti pakati pa ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Otoro, ŵanalume ŵakavwaranga na kukhala nga mbanakazi. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Moru, Nyima, na Tira nawo ŵakachitanga uzaghali. Mu mafuko gha Korongo na Mesakin, Nadel wakayowoya kuti ŵanalume ŵanandi ŵakukhumba yayi kukhala mu misasa ya ŵanalume.

Kumafumilo gha Dazi gha Afilika

Mu vyaru vinandi vya ku mafumiro gha dazi kwa Africa, ŵanthu ŵakutemwa kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi pera. Mu vyaru ivyo vikaŵako pambere Charu cha Africa chindambe kulamulirika, pakaŵa ŵasembe ŵanalume awo ŵakavwaranga nga mbanakazi. Munthu munyake wakusanda vya ŵanthu wa ku Britain, zina lake Rodney Needham, wakalongosora kuti ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Meru na wa Kikuyu ku Kenya ŵakalondezganga chisopa ichi. Kanandi ŵanthu ŵa Mugawe ŵakugonana ŵanalume pera, ndipo nyengo zinyake ŵakutengwa kwa mwanalume.

Ŵanalume aŵa ŵakacemekanga "ikihindu" pakati pa Ŵahutu na Ŵatutsi ŵa ku Burundi na Rwanda. Ŵanalume ŵanyake awo ŵakuyowoya Ciswahili ŵakuyana waka na ŵanakazi awo ŵakutolera mazina gha ŵanakazi na kuphikira na kutozgera ŵafumu ŵawo.[3]

Ethiopia

Mu mdauko wa Ethiopia, ŵanthu ŵakumanya makora yayi usange ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi awo ŵakugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha ŵakuzomerezgeka. Ndipouli, buku lakuti The Life and Struggles of Our Mother Wälättä P̣eṭros (1672) ndilo likwamba kuzunura vya kugonana kwa ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha pakati pa masisiteri mu mabuku gha ku Ethiopia. Pa nyengo yeneyiyo, ŵanthu ŵakugonana ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha ŵakaleka kuzgoŵerana m'paka apo Meles Zenawi wakambira kuwusa mu 2008. Ndipouli, cifukwa ca maghanoghano ghaheni gha ŵanthu na dango ilo lili kulembeka mu ndime 629, kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha kukuŵa mulandu wa vyaka 15 panji umoyo wose.[12]

Kuyana na kafukufuku wa Pew Research Center wa mu 2007, 97% ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Ethiopia ŵakuti kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha ni nthowa ya umoyo iyo ŵanthu ŵakwenera yayi kuyilondezga. Tchalitchi la Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo likuwovwira chomene kuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kutemwana ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha. Yumoza wawo ni "Zim Anlem" uyo wakambiska Dereje Negash.

Mulembi munyake wa mdauko zina lake Donald Donham, wakalemba kuti pakati pa ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Maale, awo ŵakukhala kumwera kwa Ethiopia, "ŵanalume ŵachoko waka ndiwo ŵakachitanga milimo ya ŵanakazi. Ŵanalume aŵa ŵakavwaranga nga mbanakazi, ŵakacitanga milimo ya ŵanakazi, ŵakendeskanga nyumba zawo, ndipo ŵakwenera kuti ŵakagonanga na ŵanalume". Kweniso themba likaŵavikiliranga.

Uganda

Mu Uganda, ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Bunyoro ndiwo ŵakasopanga ŵanalume awo ŵakavwaranga malaya ghakupambanapambana. Kweniso mu ufumu wa Buganda (umo sono ni Uganda) ŵanthu ŵakamba kugonana ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha. Ŵanyamata ŵakateŵeteranga mu nyumba zacifumu ndipo ŵakapelekanga vyakugonana ku ŵalendo na ŵanthu ŵakuzirwa. Themba Mwanga II la ku Buganda likalangura kuti ŵanalume ŵanandi aŵa ŵakomeke para ŵazgoka Ŵakhristu ndipo ŵakana kucita milimo yawo.[3][13] Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Teso ku Uganda ŵali na gulu la ŵanalume awo ŵakuvwara nga mbanakazi.

Kenya

Felix Bryk, uyo wakaŵa nkhwantha ya vya ŵanthu ku Sweden, wakayowoya kuti ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Kikuyu awo ŵakutemwa kutolera ŵana ŵakuchemeka onek, ndipo wakayowoyaso za "ŵanalume awo ŵakutemwa kutolera ŵana ŵaŵene" awo ŵakaŵa ŵaliska ŵa viŵeto, nga ni Nandi na Maragoli (Wanga). Nyengo zinyake Ŵanandi na Ŵamaasai ŵakavwaranga nga ni ŵanakazi pa nyengo ya viphikiro.

Kumanjililo gha Dazi gha Afilika

Ŵanthu ŵa ku Dagaaba, awo ŵakakhalanga ku Burkina Faso, ŵakagomezganga kuti ŵanalume awo ŵakugonana ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha ŵangaŵa ŵimiliri pakati pa mizimu na ŵanthu. Kweniso ŵakagomezganga kuti kugonana kukuthemba pa nkhongono za munthu m'malo mwa thupi lake.[14][15]

Kummwela kwa Afilika

Pakuyowoya za malo agho sono ni kumwera ca kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Zimbabwe, David Livingstone wakalemba mu ma 1800, kuti "uzaghali" wa ŵanalume ŵawukirano ukacitikanga cifukwa ca ŵanakazi awo ŵakacitikanga na ŵalongozgi ŵacekuru. Edwin W. Smith na A. Murray Dale wakayowoya za mwanalume munyake uyo wakayowoyanga ciyowoyero ca ku Ila uyo wakavwaranga nga ni mwanakazi, wakacitanga milimo ya ŵanakazi, wakakhalanga na kugona na ŵanakazi, kweni na ŵanakazi yayi. Zina lakuti "mwaami" ilo ŵali kung'anamura kuti "chimi". Kweniso ŵakayowoya kuti kugonana na ŵana nkhwakuzizika yayi, "kweni kukaŵa kwakofya cifukwa ca ngozi yakuti munyamata wangatora nthumbo".

Marc Epprecht wakasanda milandu 250 kufuma mu 1892 m'paka 1923. Pa milandu yinkhondi iyo yikachitika mu 1892, yose yikaŵa ya ŵanthu ŵafipa ŵa ku Africa. Ŵakayowoya kuti "mtende wakugonana na mwanalume panji mwanakazi munyake" ni "maluso" gha mu cigaŵa ici. Mu nyengo yinyake, mulongozgi munyake wakacemeka kuti wazakayowoye za cilango ico ŵanthu ŵakapelekanga para ŵacita uleŵi. Mu nyengo yose iyi, Epprecht wakasanga kuti ŵanthu ŵabulumembe na ŵafipa ŵakayananga waka na ŵanthu wose. Ndipouli, wakuwona kuti ni vinthu ivyo vikamanyikwa na makhoti pera ivyo vikapangiska kuti ŵeruzgi ŵaleke kumanya. Milandu yinyake yikatoleka na ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalira lumoza yayi panji awo ŵakapokera yayi malipiro kufuma kwa awo ŵakagonana nawo. Nangauli kanandi mwanalume muwukirano wakagonanga pasi kwambura kukondwa, ndipo wakakhumbanga yayi kugonana na mwanalume munyake, kweni Epprecht wakasanga kuti ŵanalume ŵafipa ŵakaleka kugonana cifukwa ca kopa kunjira mu nthumbo, kweni yumoza wakakhumbanga kwambiraso.[16]

Malango kuyana na caru panji cigaŵa

Fundo za ŵanthu

Umo ŵalongozgi ŵa mu Africa ŵakuwonera kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi pera

Ŵanthu ŵakutemwa kugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha pa chiphikiro cha Cologne Pride ŵakunyamura ndembera ya vyaru 72 uko kugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha nkhukanizgika

Pulezidenti wakale wa Zimbabwe, Robert Mugabe, wakakananga yayi kususka wanangwa wa ŵanalume na ŵanakazi awo ŵakutemwa kugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi awo ŵakutemwa kugonana na ŵanalume pera. Mu Seputembala 1995, Nyumba ya Malango ya ku Zimbabwe yikapeleka dango lakukanizga kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi pera. Mu 1997, khoti likasanga kuti Canaan Banana, uyo wakaŵako pambere Mugabe wandaŵe pulezidenti wakwamba wa Zimbabwe, wali na mulandu wa kugonana na ŵanalume ŵambura kwenelera. Mubali Mugabe wakayowoyapo kale kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakutemwa kugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi awo ŵakutemwa kugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi awo ŵakutemwa kugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi awo ŵakutemwa kugonana na ŵanakazi.

Ku Gambia, pulezidenti wakale Yahya Jammeh wakadangilira pakukhumba malango agho ghangaŵika malango ghakususkana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha agho "ngakusuzga comene kuluska gha ku Iran", ndipo kuti "wazamudumura mutu" wa mwanalume panji mwanakazi waliyose uyo wazamusangika mu caru ici. Malipoti ghakulongora kuti boma lake likakhumbanga kukoma ŵanalume wose ŵakugonana ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi pera mu caru ici. Mu kayowoyero ako wakapeleka ku Tallinding, Jammeh wakapeleka "ciyezgo caumaliro" ku ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi awo ŵakutemwa kugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha mu Gambia kuti ŵafumemo mu caru ici. Mu nkhani iyo wakayowoya ku United Nations pa Seputembala 27, 2013, Jammeh wakati "munthu uyo wakugonana na mwanalume panji mwanakazi munyake pera mu mitundu yake yose na umo wakuwonekera, nangauli ni uheni chomene, wakususkana na ŵanthu kweniso Chiuta, ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakumuchindika nga ni wanangwa wa ŵanthu". Mu 2014, Jammeh wakati ŵanalume awo ŵakugonana ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha ni "viŵanda" ndipo wakati: "Tizamurwa na viŵanda ivi nga umo tikuchitira na nyerere izo zikwambiska maleriya, nanga vingaŵa vyakofya chomene". Wakalutizga kususka ŵanthu ŵa mtundu uwu, wakati: "Ine nkhuwona kuti ŵanthu ŵa mtundu uwu ŵakwimira waka vyoni, nthenda ya kununkha, mabakiteriya, na TB. Vyose ivi vikupweteka ŵanthu". Mu 2015, Jammeh wakalutilira kususka ŵanthu awo ŵakususka ŵanthu ŵaviŵaro vyakuyana, ndipo wakaphalira mzinda wa ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga ku Gambia kuti: "Usange mwachita nthena [mu Gambia] nizamumudumurani khosi. Usange ndimwe mwanalume ndipo mukukhumba kutora mwanalume munyake mu charu ichi ndipo tikumukorani, palije uyo wazamumuwonaniso".

Ku Uganda, ŵanthu ŵakayezgapo kuti ŵaŵike chilango cha nyifwa pa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi awo ŵakuchita uzaghali m'paka pa Malichi 22, 2023. Nyuzipepara ya ku Britain yakucemeka The Guardian yikati Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni "wakawoneka kuti wakukhozgera" fundo iyi, ndipo pakati pa vinyake wakati "Ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe awo ŵakugonana ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha ŵakulemba ŵanthu mu Africa", kweniso kuti kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha nkhususkana na khumbo la Ciuta. Mu 2014, Museveni wakayowoya kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakugonana ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha "mbakuseluska", ndipo wakati nkharo yawo njambura kwenelera. Wakayowoyaso kuti wakasora gulu la ŵasayansi ku Uganda kuti ŵamanye usange ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi awo ŵakugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵanyawo mbakusambira. Ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵasayansi ŵanandi ŵayowoyepo, ndipo munthu munyake wa ku National Institutes of Health wakachiska ŵanyake ku Uganda kuti ŵasande ivyo ŵasanga. Ndipo pa 22 March, 2023, Uganda yikapeleka dango ilo likukanizga ŵanthu kuti ŵaŵe na nkharo ya kugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha.[17][18]

Abune Paulos, Patriarch wakufwa wa tchalitchi la Ethiopian Orthodox Church, ilo lili na mazaza ghakuru chomene mu Christian Ethiopia, wakati kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi pera ni nkharo yakuyana na ya vinyama iyo yikwenera kulangika.

Mu chaka cha 2017, charu cha Chad chikapeleka dango lakuzomerezga kugonana na mwanalume panji mwanakazi mwanalume. Pakwamba, mu caru ici mukaŵavya malango ghakukanizga kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha. Kweni mu vyaru vinyake vya mu Africa nga ni Lesotho, São Tomé na Príncipe, Mozambique, Seychelles, Angola, na Botswana, malango ghakukhwaskana na kugonana na ŵanalume ŵambura kutengwa ghafumiskikapo. Ku malo ghanyake gha mu Africa nga ni Eswatini, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Namibia, Togo, Zambia na Zimbabwe, ŵakukhumba kuzomerezga ŵanthu kuti ŵanjire usilikari. Mu 2019, boma la Gabon likapeleka dango lakukanizga kugonana kwa ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵekhaŵekha.[citation needed]

Nthengwa

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Kulela

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Ŵanthu ŵakugonana ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵanyawo

Acceptance of homosexuals as neighbours
Charu Would tolerate (%) Would not tolerate (%)
 Cape Verde| style="background:#9EFF9E;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"|80% 20%
 South Africa| style="background:#9EFF9E;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"|70% 28%
 Mauritius| style="background:#9EFF9E;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"|56% 39%
 Namibia| style="background:#9EFF9E;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"|54% 44%
 Mozambique| style="background:#9EFF9E;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"|48% 43%
 São Tomé and Príncipe style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|59%
 Botswana style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|57%
 Tunisia style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|63%
 Lesotho style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|77%
 Benin style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|77%
 Gabon style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|79%
 Ivory Coast style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|79%
 Morocco style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|78%
 Eswatini style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|81%
 Sudan style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|82%
 Tanzania style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|85%
 Togo style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|86%
 Kenya style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|86%
 Madagascar style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|89%
 Mali style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|89%
 Zimbabwe style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|90%
 Cameroon style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|91%
 Nigeria style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|91%
 Niger style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|92%
 Burkina Faso style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|91%
 Sierra Leone style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|91%
 Ghana style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|93%
 Guinea style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|93%
 Malawi style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|94%
 Senegal style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|94%
 Liberia style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|95%
 Zambia style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|95%
 Uganda style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|96%
 Gambia style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no"|96%
Source: Afrobarometer (2016-2018)

Wonaniso

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Vyakulemba


Ukaboni

  1. ↑ "State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition" (PDF). International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. 17 Meyi 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 Sekutembala 2017. Retrieved 19 Meyi 2016.
  2. ↑ "How Britain's colonial legacy still affects LGBT politics around the world". theconversation.com. Retrieved 19 Epulelo 2023.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates, Encyclopedia of Africa, Volume 2 OUP, USA, 2010
  4. ↑ "South Africa: LGBT Groups Respond To Contralesa's Stance on Same Sex Marriage | OutRight Action International". Outrightinternational.org. 26 Okutobala 2006. Archived from the original on 11 Epulelo 2019. Retrieved 29 Sekutembala 2015.
  5. ↑ Shaw, Angus (21 Meyi 2012). "Zimbabwe Rejects UN Appeal for Gay Rights, Denies Torture Claims". The Huffington Post. Harare. Archived from the original on 30 Sekutembala 2015. Retrieved 29 Sekutembala 2015.
  6. ↑ ""Gambian President Says No to Aid Money Tied to Gay Rights", Voice of America, reported by Ricci Shryock, 22 April 2012". VOA. Archived from the original on 18 Okutobala 2014. Retrieved 10 Okutobala 2014.
  7. ↑ "African Anti-Gay Laws". Laprogressive.com. 20 Febuluwale 2014. Archived from the original on 5 Novembala 2018. Retrieved 24 Febuluwale 2015.
  8. ↑ "Africa's most and least homophobic countries". Afrobarometer. Archived from the original on 22 Julayi 2019. Retrieved 2 Janyuwale 2017.
  9. ↑ Parkinson, R. B. (1995). "'Homosexual' Desire and Middle Kingdom Literature". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 81 (1): 57–76. doi:10.1177/030751339508100111. S2CID 192073466.
  10. ↑ Emma Brunner-Traut: Altägyptische Märchen. Mythen und andere volkstümliche Erzählungen. 10th Edition. Diederichs, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-424-01011-1, pp. 178–179.
  11. ↑ Nadel, S. F. "The Nuba; an anthropological study of the hill tribes in Kordofan" – via Internet Archive.
  12. ↑ Itaborahy, Lucas Paoli (Meyi 2012). "State Sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws criminalising same-sex sexual acts between consenting adults" (PDF). The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 Okutobala 2012. Retrieved 9 Meyi 2021.
  13. ↑ "Long-Distance Trade and Foreign Contact". Uganda. Library of Congress Country Studies. December 1990. Retrieved 6 June 2009.
  14. ↑ Ahmed, Hannah (29 Julayi 2020). "The British Empire and the Criminalisation of Homosexuality". New Histories. Archived from the original on 27 Febuluwale 2021. Retrieved 6 Julayi 2021.
  15. ↑ Buckle, Leah (1 Okutobala 2020). "African Sexuality and the Legacy of Imported Homophobia". Stonewall. Archived from the original on 9 Juni 2021. Retrieved 6 Julayi 2021.
  16. ↑ Will Roscoe and Stephen O. Murray(Author, Editor, Boy-wives and Female Husbands: Studies of African Homosexualities, 2001
  17. ↑ Nicholls, Larry Madowo,Catherine (21 Malichi 2023). "Uganda parliament passes bill criminalizing identifying as LGBTQ, imposes death penalty for some offenses". CNN (in English). Retrieved 22 Malichi 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ↑ Atuhaire, Patience (21 Malichi 2023). "Uganda Anti-Homosexuality bill: Life in prison for saying you're gay". BBC News (in British English). Retrieved 22 Malichi 2023.

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