United States of America
United States of America | |||
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![]() United States mu Amelika Wakumpoto | |||
Vyose mwakudumula | |||
Msumba wa boma: | Washington, D.C. | ||
Msumba usani: | New York City | ||
Chiyowoyelo cha boma: | Chizungu | ||
Viyowoyelo vinyake: | Spanish
Hawaiian | ||
Mitundu ya ŵanthu: | * 61.6% Ŵazungu
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Ulamulilo wa boma | |||
Mlongozgi wa charu: | Joe Biden | ||
- Ŵachiŵili kwa mlongozi: | Kamala Harris | ||
- Mphala ya malango: | Nancy Pelosi | ||
- Nduna ya boma: | John Roberts | ||
Chipembezo | |||
Vipembezo: | 63% Ŵakhilisitu
—40% Ŵambula chi Roma —21% Ŵa chi Roma —2% Ŵanji 29% Ŵambula mpingo 6% Ŵanji 2% Ŵambula chakunena | ||
Mbili ya Ulamulilo | |||
Kujilamulila kufuma ku | Kufuma ku Great Britain
• Kujiyimila Julayi 4, 1776 • Kujilamula Malichi 1, 1781 • Kudumbizgana kwa Paris Sekutembala 3, 1783 • Malango gha charu Juni 21, 1788 • Kusintha kunyake Ogasiti 21, 1959 | ||
Malo na Ŵanthu | |||
Ukulu wa malo: | 3,796,742 sq mi (9,833,520) km² | ||
Ŵanthu: | 331,893,74 (2021 mwakusachizga) | ||
GDP (PPP) | |||
Pamoza (GDP): | $25.35 thiliyoni (2022) | ||
Pa capita: | $76,027 | ||
Vinyake | |||
Maji: | 4.66% | ||
Ndalama: | U.S. dollar ($) (USD) | ||
Mtundu wa nyengo: | UTC−4 to −12, +10, +11 | ||
Kalembelo ka siku: | mwezi/siku/chaka | ||
Nambala ya foni: | +1 | ||
Kwakutchikila galimoto: | Kumalyelo | ||
.us |
United States of America (U.S.A. panji USA), kweneso kumanyikwaso nakuti United States (U.S. panji US) panji America, ntchalo icho chili vilwa viŵili icho chikusangika mu chilwa chikulu cha Amelika wa Kumpoto (North America).Charu ichi china nthavwa (states) zakukwana 50,msumba wa boma,malo ghankhondi ghakuwoneleleka,nkhaska 9, na 326 malo ghakusungila mwambo yachi Indiya yakale.Ntchalo chikulu chomene chachitatu pa charu cha pasi mu usani wa malo na balaza. United States walipanga mphaka na charu cha Canada ku mpoto na Mexicoku mmwela kweneso mphaka ya pamaji na vyaru nga ni ; Bahamas, Cuba, na Russia, na vinyake. Chiŵelengelo cha ŵanthu ni 331 miliyoni, ndipo ntcharu chachitatu icho china ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene pa charu cha pasi.Msumba wa boma ni Washington, D.C., ndipo msumba uwo una ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene kweneso uwo ukudangilila vya chuma ni Msumba wa New York City. Charu cha United States ni m'phika wa mwambo na mitundu inandi ya ŵanthu, ndipo chiŵelengelo chake cha ŵanthu chikusintha sintha na mayendelo gha ŵanthu kufuma ku vyaru vinyake vyaka 100 vyajumpha ivi.China nyengo iwemi ya kawilo ka vula na mathukililo ndipo chilikhala makola kweneso chikumanyika nga ntchimoza mwa vyaru 17 ivo vilikhala makola.
Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wachi Indiya ukafuma mu malo gha Siberia kuluta ku Amelika wa Kumpoto (North America) vyaka 12,000 vajumpha,ndipo mwayo iphya ikayambapo kuoneka pati pajumpha vyaka vingapo.Mwambo iyi yapachanya ikayamba kusulika na kuleka kulondezgeka chifukwa cha kwiza kwa ŵazungu ŵakufumila ku Yulaya (Europe) mu vyaka vyama 1600.Mkolelano wa nthantha (states) ukayamba na nthantha zakulongozgeka na charu cha Britain zakukwana 13,izo zikayamba mumphepete mwanyanja cha ku Mafumilo gha Dazi,apo vyakuyowoya vya Ufumu Wamphumphu wa Britain pa vya msonkho na vya ndale vikatola malo ivyo vikapangiska Kusintha Kwa Amelika (1765–1784) kuŵepo,ukoso kukapangiska kuti Amelika wayambe kujilamulila pa yekha.Mu vyaka vya ma 1800,charu cha U.S. chikayamba kukula mu chilwa cha Amelika wa Kumpoto,padoko padoko nakuŵa na malo ghaphya,nyengo zinyake kwizila mu zinkhondo,kweneso nakudikizga ma Indiya Ghakwamba (Native Americans),nakusintha malo ghaphya kughathya nthavwa ziphya.Kufika mu chaka cha 1848,United States wakasanuzgika mu ukulu kufuma ku mafumilo gha dazi mpaka ku manjililo gha dazi gha chilwa cha Amelika wa Kumpoto.
Kwiza kwa zina
Kwamba kwakugwiliska ntchito kwa zina lakuti "Amelika" kukayamba mu 1507,apo kukaoneka pa mapu ya charu chapasi yakudindika na wakudinda mapu waku Germany wakuchemeka Martin Waldseemüller mu msumba wa Saint-Dié-des-Vosges mu charu cha France.Pa mapu yake,zina likaoneka mu malemba ghakulu agho pa sono ghakuchemeka Amelika wa Kummwela (South America),mwakupeleka ntchindi kwa Amerigo Vespucci.Mtembeyi wakufumila ku Italy ndiye wakaŵa wakwamba kungweluska zakuti malo gha West Indies ngakayimilanga malo gha Asia gha kumafumilo gha dazi chala,kwene ghakaŵa malo agho pa nyengo iyo ghakaŵa kuti ghandamanyikwe,Mu 1538,wakudinda mapu wachi Flemish zina lake Gerardus Mercator wakagwiliska ntchito mazgo ghakuti 'Amelika" kuyimilila chigaŵa chikulu chose cha Kumanjililo gha Dazi.
Mbiri
Mitundu ya ŵanthu na ŵanthu ŵachi Columbia
Vilikuzomelezgeka ku ŵanthu ŵakwamba kufika na kukhala ku North America ŵakafumila ku Siberia na nthowa ya Bering ya mlatho ndipo vakafika vyaka 12,000 vajumpha; nangauli vyakulemba vinyake vikusachizga nyingo yakale chomene kujumpha iyi. TMwambo wa Clovis uwo ukayamba mu vyaka vya 11,000 BC, vikugomezgeka kukhala kwakwamba kwa ŵanthu ku ma America. Uwu ukwenela kuti ni ulendo wakwamba wa ma ulendo ghatatu gha kusamuka kwa ŵanthu kulkulu kuluta ku North America; ndipo ulendo wa sono ukiziska ŵapapi ŵa mwahuno ŵa Athabaskans, Aleuts, na ma Eskimo.
Pati pajumpha nyengo, mwambo wa ŵanthu aŵa ŵaku North Americukayamba kukula na kuzgoka wakuluta panthazi, ndipo ŵanyake ,ngati ni mwambo wakwamba wa ŵa Columbia Mississippian kummwela kwa mafumilo gha dzai, uyakayamba ulimi, vyakuzenga na vya ukhalilo. Msumba ukulu wa Cahokia ni ukulu chomene,ngwapachanya chomene uwo ulikufulika pasi ku Columbianmu nyengo ya sono ya United States. IMu chigaŵa cha Makona Ghanayi, mwambo wa Ancestral Puebloan cukayamba pati pajumpha vyaka vinandi vyakuchita na kuyezga nthowa za ulimi.Haudenosaunee, agho ni malo ghali kummwela kwa chigava cha Great Lakes, ghakapangika mu nyengo ya pakati pa vyaka vya 1200 na 1500. Chinthu chinyake chakuzilwa mu nyengo iyo mu mphepete mwa Atlantic ukaŵa mtundu wa ŵanthu wakuchemeka Algonquian t, uwo ukapanganga ulimi, kusaka nyama na kuthya vipingo.
Kusachizga chiŵelengelo cha ŵanthu ŵaku North America mu nyengo iyo ŵakayamba kuyowoyeskelana na ŵanthu ŵaku Ulaya (European) nkhwakusuzga. Douglas H. Ubelaker wa Smithsonian Institution wakasachizga nambala ya 93,000 ku maboma gha South Atlanticna 473,000 mu maboma gha mu Gulf nangauli ŵanandi .akuti nambala iyi njidoko Anthropologist Henry F. Dobyns bwakasachizga1nambala ikulu ngati ni .1 milloyoni mu mphepete mwa maji mwa Gulf la Mexico, 2.2 miliyoni ŵakukhala mu Florida na Massachusetts, 5.2 miliyoni mu Chisaghala cha Mississippi na malo ghakuzingilila ndiposo 700,000 mu ghakuzililizgika na maji gha Florida (Florida peninsula).
Kwiza na kuzenga kwa Ŵazungu (Europeans)
Mndandanda wa ŵalongozgi charu cha United States of America
Mndandanda wa ŵalongozgi charu cha United States of America | ||
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