Mazina gha United States

Kufuma Wikipedia

Further information: List of U.S. state and territory nicknames
Ndembera ya ku America, cimanyikwiro cha United States

Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakugwiliskira ntchito mazina gha vyaru vya ku United States. Zina linyake la zina ili ni "United States", "the U.S". na "the U.S.A". kweniso "America".

Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuzomerezga kuti zina lakuti "America" lili kufuma kwa Amerigo Vespucci, uyo wakaŵa mulendo wa ku Italy. Lizgu ili likalembeka mu 1507, apo Martin Waldseemüller wakalemba pa mapu gha caru cose. Zina lakuti "United States of America" likamba kugwiliskirika ntchito pa nyengo ya Nkhondo ya ku America, nangauli ŵanthu ŵakususka umo likambira.[1] Gulu liphya ili likamba kumanyikwa na zina lakuti "United Colonies", ndipo zina ili likamba kulembeka pa Janyuwale 2, 1776, pakati pa ŵasilikari ŵaŵiri. Mu buku la Confederation, ilo likalembeka na John Dickinson, na mu buku la Declaration of Independence, ilo likalembeka na Thomas Jefferson, muli mazgu ghakuti "United States of America". Pa Seputembala 9, 1776, pa ungano waciŵiri wa ku Continental Congress, ŵakazomera zina la caru ici.

Zina

Mapu gha Waldseemüller agho ghakulongora zina lakuti America pa malo agho sono ni Brazil

America

Nkhani ikulu: Naming of the Americas

Zina lakuti "America" likamba kuzunulika mu 1505, apo mulembi munyake wa ku Germany, zina lake Matthias Ringmann, wakalemba sumu yakulongosora vya caru ciphya.[2] Lizgu ili lili kufuma ku zina la munthu munyake wa ku Italy, Amerigo Vespucci, uyo wakamba kuyowoya kuti vyaru vya ku West Indies ivyo vikasangika na Christopher Columbus mu 1492 vikaŵa ku chigaŵa chinyake icho pakaŵavya.[3][4][5] Pa Epulero 25, 1507, mapu gha Universalis Cosmographia, agho ghakalembeka na Martin Waldseemüller, wakalemba pamoza na sumu iyi.[2][5] Pa mapu agha pali mazgu ghakuti "America", kung'anamura charu icho sono chikuchemeka South America. Mu 1538, Gerardus Mercator, uyo wakaŵa wakulemba mapu wa ku Flanders, wakalemba zina lakuti "America" pa mapu ghake gha caru cose.[6]

Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakuti lizgu lakuti "America" lili kufuma ku mapiri gha Amerrisque ku Nicaragua, panji ku zina la Richard Amerike, wamalonda musambazi wa ku England na Wales.[7][8]

United States of America

Ukaboni wakwamba wakulongora kuti mazgu ghakuti "United States of America" ghakalembeka pa Janyuwale 2, 1776, mu kalata iyo Stephen Moylan wakalembera Joseph Reed, uyo wakaŵa movwiri wa George Washington. Mu nyengo iyo Reed wakaŵavya, Moylan ndiyo wakacitanga mulimo wake. Moylan wakayowoya kuti wakukhumba kuluta "ku Spain na mazaza ghose kufuma ku United States of America" kuti wakawovwirepo pa Nkhondo ya ku America.[1][9][10] TMazgu ghakuti "United States of America" ghakalembeka kakwamba mu nyuzipepara ya The Virginia Gazette mu Williamsburg, Virginia, pa Epulero 6, 1776. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakughanaghana kuti Thomas Paine ndiyo wakambiska lizgu ili mu kabuku kake ka Common Sense, ako kakalembeka mu Janyuwale 1776, kweni wakalizunura yayi.[1][lower-alpha 1][11]

Buku laciŵiri la Confederation Articles, ilo likanozgeka na John Dickinson ndipo likamara pa June 17, 1776, likati "Zina la Confederation ili ndi 'United States of America.'" Paumaliro wa chaka cha 1777, ŵakawoneseska kuti malango gha boma ghazomerezgeka.[12] Mu Juni 1776, Thomas Jefferson wakalemba mazgu ghakuti "United States of America" mu vilembo vikuruvikuru mu mutu wa buku lake la Declaration of Independence. Pa June 21, 1776, chikalembeka waka chikalata ichi, ndipo tikumanya yayi usange chikalembeka pambere Dickinson wandalembepo mazgu agha. Mulimose umo vikaŵira, chikalata cha kujithemba ndicho chikaŵa chakwamba kuzunura zina liphya la boma ili.[1][lower-alpha 2][13][13]

Mbili

Mu nyengo yakwambilira ya Nkhondo Yakwamba ya ku America, vyaru ivi vikachemekanga "United Colonies". Mwaciyelezgero, mu Juni 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee, pulezidenti wa Congress, wakalemba kuti: "Vyaru vya United Colonies ni vyawanangwa ndipo vikwenera kuŵa vyambura mazaza". Pambere chaka cha 1776 chindafike, maboma agha ghakaŵa na mazina ghakupambanapambana. Pa Seputembala 9, 1776, wupu wa Second Continental Congress ukasintha zina la charu ichi kuŵa "United States of America".[14][15]Ndipouli, mu vyaka vyakwambilira vya ku United States, ŵanthu ŵakalutilira kupambaniska umo ŵakayowoyeranga. Mu phangano ilo ŵakachita na France mu 1778, ŵakagwiliskira ntchito lizgu lakuti "United States of North America". Kuyana na kaluso aka, pa Meyi 19, 1778, apo ŵimiliri ŵa boma la France ŵakalembanga ndalama, ŵakagwiliskira ntchito lizgu ili. Henry Laurens, pulezidenti wa Continental Congress, wakalemba kuti: "Congress yili kukolerana na fundo ya ku Paris, yakuti 'United States of North America.'" Ndipouli, pa Julayi 11, 1778, ŵapositole ŵakaghanaghanirapo pa fundo iyi ndipo ŵakaghanaghana kuti ŵaleke kulembapo zina lakuti "North" pa ndalama izo ŵakalemba mu 1776.[16][17]

Vinthu vyakutozgera vya Uncle Sam, uyo ni munthu wakuzirwa chomene mu America; zina lake lili kufuma ku lizgu lakuti U.S.

Kufuma waka apo ŵakalemberanga chikalata cha Confederation, fundo yakuti "Perpetual Union" yikaŵapo pakati pa vyaru ivi, ndipo "Union" yikazgoka "United States". Mu nyengo ya Nkhondo ya pa Caru, mazgu agha ghakaŵa ghakuzirwa comene ku vyaru vya ku mpoto ivyo vikaŵa vyakukolerana na boma.

Lizgu lakuti "America" likagwiranga ntchito viŵi yayi mu United States pambere vyaka vya m'ma 1890 vindafike, ndipo likaŵanga na mazina ghachoko waka gha ŵalongozgi ŵa charu pambere Theodore Roosevelt wandaŵepo. Lizgu ili likuzunulika yayi mu sumu za kutemwera caru izo zikalembeka mu virimika vya m'ma 1700 na 1900, kusazgapo "The Star-Spangled Banner", "My Country, 'Tis of Thee", na "Battle Hymn of the Republic"; likuzunulika mu "America the Beautiful" ya 1895 ndipo likuzunulika comene mu sumu za mu virimika vya m'ma 1900 nga ni "God Bless America". Zina lakuti "Columbia", ilo likamanyikwa chomene mu sumu za ku America m'ma 1800, lili kufuma kwa Christopher Columbus. Vinthu vinandi vya ku Western Hemisphere vili na zina lake, kusazgapo charu cha Colombia na District of Columbia.

Mu 1810, mazgu ghakuti Uncle Sam ghakaŵa "mazgu ghambura kuzirwa mu ŵasilikari ŵa United States", mwakuyana na magazini ya 1810 ya Niles' Weekly Register. Sono ŵakuti Uncle Sam ni munthu uyo wakwimira caru ca United States.

Usage as a singular noun

Mutu wa nkhani ya Foster

Lizgu lakuti "United States" pakwamba likaŵa mu unandi, kung'anamura vyaru vyakujiyimira vyekha, nga ni "United States are" (the United States are) mu ndime 13 ya Dango la United States, ilo likalembeka mu 1865.[18][19] Mazgu agha ghakatchuka chomene pamanyuma pa Nkhondo ya ku Europe. Ndipouli, lizgu lakuti "United States" lili na lizgu la unandi. Mphambano iyi njakuzirwa comene kuluska umo ŵanthu ŵakugwiliskira nchito mazgu agha.

Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, ŵanthu ŵakamba kusintha. Pa Meyi 4, 1901, mu nyuzipepara ya New York Times mukaŵa nkhani ya mutu wakuti: "Kasi Ŵaliko Nadi? Kuwona usange lizgu lakuti United States likuyana na lizgu lakuti plural panji singular". Foster wakalemba kuti ŵanthu ŵakwambilira nga ni Alexander Hamilton na Daniel Webster ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito mazgu agha, nga umo vikaŵira na phangano la Paris (1898) na la Hay ̊ Pauncefote la 1900. Iyo wakati "kwambira waka pa nyengo ya nkhondo ya pawenenawene, ŵanthu ŵakugwiliskira ntchito mazgu agha". Mark Liberman wa pa Yunivesite ya Pennsylvania wakasanga kuti mu khoti likuru chomene la ku America, ŵanthu ŵakamba kugwiliskira ntchito chiyowoyero chimoza mu ma 1900. Pa mabuku gha Cingelezi, buku ili likamba kulembeka mu 1880.[20][21][22]

Magwiliskilo ntchito

Zina lakuti "United States" ndakupulikikwa makora. Ndipouli, "United States" na "U.S". vingayowoyeka nga ni vimanyikwiro, kweni zina lose lingayowoyeka yayi. Mu Cingelezi, lizgu lakuti "America" likuyowoya viŵi yayi za vinthu ivyo vikukolerana yayi na United States. Mu viyowoyero vinyake ŵakuchemeka "U.S. of A". ndipo pa charu chose ŵakuchemeka "States". Mazina ghanyake ghambura kuzirwa nga ni "Murica" na "Merica", agho ghakulongora kuti munthu wakutemwa kuseka.

Wupu wa U.S. Buku la Government Publishing Office Style Manual likulongosora umo "U.S". na "United States" ghakugwilira ntchito. Mu mapangano, malango gha boma, na vinyake, kanandi ŵakulemba kuti "United States". Mu sentesi iyo muli zina la caru cinyake, "United States" yikwenera kuŵa. Usange yayi, "U.S". yikuŵa panthazi pa wupu wa boma panji nga ni lizgu lakuyowoya, kweni "United States" yikuŵa panthazi pa wupu wa boma yayi (nga ni United States Steel Corporation).

Ŵalongozgi ŵa visopa ŵakususkana pa umo ŵangalondezgera mazina ghakupambanapambana gha boma la United States. Buku lakucemeka Chicago Manual of Style, mpaka mu Baibolo la nambara 17, likakhumbanga kuti lizgu lakuti "U.S". na "U.S". ghaŵe lizgu limoza; sono likuzomerezga kuti ghaŵe lizgu limoza, nangauli mu nkhani iyi lizgu lakuti "United States" ndilo ndakwenelera. Buku la Associated Press Stylebook likuzomerezga kugwiliskira ntchito mazgu ghakuti "US" na "U.S". Kweni APA Style yikuzomerezga waka kuti "U.S". ndiyo yiŵe lizgu lakuchemeka kuti adjective.[23][lower-alpha 3]

Viyowoyero vinyake

Wonani vinandi: List of country names in various languages (Q–Z)

Mu Cisipanishi, caru ca United States cikucemeka Estados Unidos, kung'anamura "United States". Vyaru vya ku America vikucemeka America. Cisipanishi cikugwiliskira nchito lizgu lakuti americana na lizgu lakuti americano, ndipo lizgu laciŵiri ili ndakukanizgika.[25][26] Mu Cichinese, U.S. yikucemeka 美国 (pinyin: měiguó, traditional: 美國). Lizgu ili likung'anamura "charu chakutowa", ndipo likufuma ku lizgu laciŵiri ilo likulembeka kuti "亚美利加" (pinyin: yàměilìjiā, traditional: 亞美利加). Vyaru vya ku America vikucemeka kuti 美洲 (pinyin: měizhōu), na mazgu ghakuyana waka. Mu Chijapanizi, U.S. yikumanyikwa na mazina ghakuti アメリカ (Hepburn: amerika) na 米国 (Hepburn: beikoku), kufuma ku Chitchayinizi. Mu Chihindi, United States of America yikung'anamulika kuti Amerika wa United States (amērikā kē saṁyukta rājya). Mu ciyowoyero ca Esperanto, caru ca United States of America cikucemeka "Usono", kufuma ku ciyowoyero ca Cingelezi cakuti Usonia. Mu ciyowoyero ca ku Burma, caru ca United States of America cikucemeka kuti アメリカ合衆国 (amerikan pyedaungsu), kung'anamura "Ubungwe wa ku America". Mu Cikanada, caru ca United States cikucemeka Ameriãdã ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ (amerikada saṁyukta saṁsthāna), kung'anamura kuti "Ubungwe wa vyaru vya America".[27]

Wonaniso

Vyakulemba

  1. ↑ Paine used the terms "United Colonies", "American states", and "FREE AND INDEPENDENT STATES OF AMERICA", but never "United States of America".[1]
  2. ↑ "Draught" is the British spelling of "draft".
  3. ↑ The full list is: "formal writing (treaties, Executive orders, proclamations, etc.); congressional bills; legal citations and courtwork; and covers and title pages."[24]

Ukaboni

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 DeLear, Byron (July 4, 2013) Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Laubenberger, Franz; Rowan, Steven (1982). "The Naming of America". Sixteenth Century Journal. 13 (4): 92. doi:10.2307/2540012. JSTOR 2540012.
  3. ↑ Sider, Sandra (2007). Handbook to Life in Renaissance Europe. Oxford University Press. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-19-533084-7.
  4. ↑ Szalay, Jessie (September 20, 2017). "Amerigo Vespucci: Facts, Biography & Naming of America". Live Science. Retrieved June 23, 2019.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Allen, Erin (4 July 2016). "How Did America Get Its Name?". Library of Congress Blog. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  6. ↑ Jonathan Cohen. "The Naming of America: Fragments We've Shored Against Ourselves". Retrieved February 3, 2014.
  7. ↑ Macdonald, Peter (17 February 2011). "BBC History in Depth; The Naming of America; Richard Amerike". BBC. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
  8. ↑ Rea, Joy (February 1964). "On the Naming of America". American Speech. 39 (1): 42–50. doi:10.2307/453925. JSTOR 453925.
  9. ↑ Touba, Mariam (November 5, 2014) Who Coined the Phrase 'United States of America'? You May Never Guess "Here, on January 2, 1776... Stephen Moylan, an acting secretary to General George Washington, spells it out, 'I should like vastly to go with full and ample powers from the United States of America to Spain' to seek foreign assistance for the cause." New-York Historical Society Museum & Library
  10. ↑ Fay, John (July 15, 2016) The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America' "According to the NY Historical Society, Stephen Moylan was the man responsible for the earliest documented use of the phrase 'United States of America'." IrishCentral.com
  11. ↑ ""To the inhabitants of Virginia", by A PLANTER. Dixon and Hunter's. April 6, 1776, Williamsburg, Virginia. Letter is also included in Peter Force's American Archives". The Virginia Gazette. Vol. 5, no. 1287. Archived from the original on December 19, 2014.
  12. ↑ Mostert, Mary (2005). The Threat of Anarchy Leads to the Constitution of the United States. CTR Publishing, Inc. ISBN 978-0-9753851-4-2.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Safire, William (2003). No Uncertain Terms: More Writing from the Popular "On Language" Column in The New York Times Magazine. Simon and Schuster. p. 199. ISBN 978-0-7432-4955-3.
  14. ↑ Glass, Andrew (September 9, 2014). "Continental Congress names the United States, Sept. 9, 1776". Politico (in English). Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  15. ↑ Adams, John (September 9, 1776). Autobiography of John Adams.
  16. ↑ Burnett, Edmund C. (1925). "The Name "United States of America"". The American Historical Review. 31 (1): 79–81. doi:10.2307/1904503. ISSN 0002-8762. JSTOR 1904503. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  17. ↑ "A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774–1875". memory.loc.gov. Resolved, That the resolutions of Congress of the 19 May last, relative to bills of exchange... that the word 'North,' preceding the word 'America,' be omitted in the form of the bills...
  18. ↑ Greg, Percy (1892). History of the United States from the Foundation of Virginia to the Reconstruction of the Union. West, Johnston & Company. p. 276.
  19. ↑ Zimmer, Benjamin. "Language Log: Life in these, uh, this United States". itre.cis.upenn.edu. Retrieved 3 September 2020. Indeed, not only does the Constitution consistently use the plural construct, but so do official texts in the immediate aftermath of the Civil War — as with the pronominal anaphora used in the 13th Amendment
  20. ↑ Aiden, Erez; Michel, Jean-Baptiste (2014). Uncharted: big data as a lens on human culture. New York: Penguin. p. 4. ISBN 978-1594487453. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  21. ↑ Liberman, Mark. "When did the Supreme Court make us an 'is'?". Language Log. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  22. ↑ Foster, John Watson (May 4, 1901). "ARE OR IS? Whether a Plural or a Singular Verb Goes With the Words United States" (in American English). p. 23. Retrieved 3 September 2020. Among statesmen who have used the singular form may be cited Hamiltion, Webster.... The decisions of the Supreme Court... rarely show the use of the singular.... in the peace treaty with Spain of 1898, the term... is uniformly treated in the singular.... The Hay-Paunce-fote canal treaty of 1900... also treats 'United States' as a singular noun.
  23. ↑ "APA Abbreviations // Purdue Writing Lab". Purdue Writing Lab (in English). Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  24. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named gpo-stylemanual
  25. ↑ "English Translation of "estadounidense" | Collins Spanish-English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com (in American English). Retrieved 2020-09-20.
  26. ↑ ASALE, RAE-; RAE. "americano, americana | Diccionario de la lengua española". «Diccionario de la lengua española» - Edición del Tricentenario (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-09-15.
  27. ↑ "ಅಮೆರಿಕದ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನಕ್ಕೆ ಪ್ರಧಾನಿ ನರೇಂದ್ರ ಮೋದಿ ಭೇಟಿ ಕೊಟ್ಟ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ ಮಾಡಲಾದ ಜಂಟಿ ಹೇಳಿಕೆ (ಅಮೆರಿಕ-ಭಾರತ: 21ನೆಯ ಶತಮಾನದ ಚಿರಕಾಲದ ಸಹಭಾಗಿಗಳು) ಜೂನ್ 7, 2016", ಪಿಎಂಇಂಡಿಯಾ (in Kannada), 2016-06-07, retrieved 2023-05-22
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