Donald Trump
| Donald Trump | |
|---|---|
_(cropped)(2).jpg) | |
| Chithuzithuzi cha boma, 2025 | |
| 45th & 47th President of the United States | |
| Udindo wasono | |
| Nyengo: January 20, 2025 | |
| Kupokela | Joe Biden |
| Nyengo: January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021 | |
| Kupokela | Barack Obama |
| Kuwiska na | Joe Biden |
| Umoyo wamunthu | |
| Kubabika | Donald John Trump June 14, 1946 Queens, New York City, U.S. |
| Chipani | Republican (1969–1978, 1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–present) |
| Nthengwa | |
| Ŵana | |
| Ntchito | |
| Chikhwekhwelele |  |
| Webusaiti | |
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Umoyo na bizinesi Mulongozgi wa 45 na 47 wa United States
Nyengo ya ulongozgi
Kuyezgeka mu ofesi (Impeachments) Milandu ya khoti (Prosecutions)  |
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Donald John Trump (wakababika pa June 14, 1946) ni munthu wa ndyali wa ku America, wakulemba nkhani, na wamalonda uyo ni pulezidenti wa 47 wa ku United States. Ni membala wa chipani cha Republican, iye wakawa pulezidenti wa 45 kuyambira 2017 mpaka 2021.
Wakababikira mu mbumba ya musambazi ku New York, ndipo wakafuma ku Yunivesite ya Pennsylvania mu 1968 na digiri ya bachelor's degree mu economics. Mu 1971, wakazgoka pulezidenti wa kampani ya mbumba yake ya real estate, ndipo wakayithya zina lakuti Trump Organization, ndipo wakamba kuzenga nyumba zikuruzikuru, mahotelo, na malo ghakuwoneskerako gofu. Wakambiska mabizinesi ghanyake, ndipo ghanandi ghakaŵa na zina la Trump, ndipo mu vyaka vya m'ma 1990 na 2000, mabungwe agha ghakachita ukaboni wakuti ghakaŵa ghambura ndalama zinandi. Kufuma mu 2004 kufika mu 2015, wakapangiska pulogiramu ya pa TV ya The Apprentice, iyo yikamovwira kuti waŵe munthu musambazi. Trump wakajiwona kuti ni munthu wambura kuzomerezgeka pa nkhani ya ndyali, ndipo mu 2016 wakatonda Hillary Clinton, uyo wakaŵa musankhika wa chipani cha Democratic Party.
Apo wakaŵa pulezidenti wakwamba, Trump wakakanizga vyaru 7 ivyo vikaŵa na Ŵasilamu kuti ŵaleke kuluta ku caru cinyake, wakasazgirako mpanda wa pakati pa caru ca Mexico na United States, ndipo wakapangiska kuti mbumba zose zifwatukenge. Wakasintha malango ghakukhwaskana na malo na bizinesi, wakasazgirako msonkho, na kusora ŵeruzgi ŵatatu ŵa Khoti Likuru Chomene. Wakawuskapo U.S. mu mapangano ghakukhwaskana na mlengalenga na malonda ndipo wakambiska nkhondo ya malonda na China. Pakuzgorapo pa nthenda ya COVID-19 mu 2020, iyo wakachepeska ukali wake, wakususkana na ŵalaraŵalara ŵa vyaumoyo, na kusayinira dango la CARES Act. Wati watondeka pa visankho vya 2020 ku Joe Biden, Trump wakakana kuzomera kuti watondeka ndipo wakayezga kusintha ivyo vikachitika, ivyo vikapangiska kuti pa 6 Janyuwale, 2021 pa Capitol pachitike chindindindi. Wakapika mulandu kaŵiri, mu 2019 chifukwa cha kugwiliskira nchito mazaza mwambura kwenelera na kukanizga maungano gha boma, ndipo mu 2021 chifukwa cha kukhuŵilizga ŵanthu kuti ŵawukire boma.
Mu 2023, Trump ŵakamusanga na mulandu wa kugonana na kusuzga ŵanthu, kweniso wa kuguliska malonda. Mu Meyi 2024, khoti la boma la New York likamusanga na mulandu pa nkhani 34 zakupusikizgira vinthu vya malonda, ndipo wakaŵa pulezidenti wakwamba wa U.S. kukakika na mulandu. Wati wawina chisankho cha pulezidenti cha 2024 kwa wachiwiri kwa pulezidenti Kamala Harris, wakapika chilango cha umoyo wose, ndipo milandu yiŵiri yakukhwaskana na kusunga malemba ghakale na kutondeska chisankho cha 2020 yikamara kwambura mulandu.
Trump wakamba kuwusa kwaciŵiri mwa kulekeska nchito ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakagwiranga nchito mu boma. Wakapeleka msonkho ku vyaru vinandi uwo ukaŵa ukuru comene kwambira pa nyengo ya suzgo yikuru ya vyachuma, ndipo wakasazgapo dango la One Big Beautiful Bill Act. Ivyo boma lake likucita - kusazgapo kusuzga ŵanthu awo ŵakususkana nawo pa ndyali na ŵanthu ŵanyake, kukanizga wanangwa wa ŵanthu awo ŵakugonana na ŵanalume panji ŵanakazi ŵanyawo, kuchimbizga ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵalije vikalata, na kugwiliskira nchito malango gha boma - vyapangiska kuti paŵe milandu yakujumpha 550. Ku Latin America, wakaluta ku ŵanthu awo ŵakaguliskanga minkhwala yakutimbanizga wongo, ndipo wakalangura ŵasilikari kuti ŵanjire mu caru ca Venezuela na kukora pulezidenti wa caru ici. Ku Middle East, wakazomerezga kuti boma la U.S. na la Israel liwukire Iran, ndipo ivi vikambiska nkhondo ya ku Iran mu 2026.
Kuyambira mu 2015, ndondomeko ya Trump ndi ndondomeko yake ya ndale - yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa Trumpism - yasintha chizindikiro cha Republican Party. Ŵanyake ŵakuti ivyo wakayowoya na kucita ni vyautesi. Wakayowoya vinthu vinandi vyautesi panji vyaupusikizgi pa nyengo ya kampeni yake na apo wakaŵa pulezidenti, vinthu ivyo vikaŵa kuti vindachitikepo mu ndyali za ku America. Ŵasayansi ŵakuti ivyo Trump wakucita ni vyaulamuliro ndipo vikupangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kulondezga ndyali. Ŵasayansi na ŵalembi ŵa mdauko ŵakamulemba kuti wakaŵa yumoza wa mafumu ghaheni comene mu mdauko wa caru ca America.
Umoyo na masambiro
[lemba | kulemba source]
Donald John Trump wakababika pa June 14, 1946, ku Jamaica Hospital mu New York City borough of Queens, mwana wachinayi wa Fred Trump na Mary Anne MacLeod Trump.[1] Iyo ni wa ku Germany na Scotland. Wakakulira mu nyumba ya vipinda 23 mu muzi wa Jamaica Estates ku Queens. Fred wakalipiranga ŵana ŵake waliyose $20,000 pa cilimika, ico cikayananga na $265,000 pa cilimika mu 2024. Apo wakaŵa na vilimika vinkhondi na vitatu, Trump wakaŵa musambazi comene.[2]
Trump wakasambiranga pa sukulu ya Kew-Forest m'paka apo wakaŵa mu kilasi la 7. Ŵapapi ŵake ŵakamulembeska ku sukulu ya New York Military Academy, iyo yikaŵa sukulu ya pabweka. Sukulu iyi yikasambizganga ŵana kuti ŵasambirenge maseŵero na kuŵa na mtima wa kuwina.
Trump wakaghanaghana vya kuluta ku sukulu ya kusambizga kuvina ku California, kweni kuti waŵe pafupi na kukwake, wakalembeska ku Yunivesite ya Fordham mu 1964. Mu chaka chakwamba, wakaluta ku sukulu ya ŵasilikari ya Reserve Officers' Training Corps, ndipo pa Chitatu chilichose wakavwaranga yunifomu ya usilikari. Kweni mu chaka chachiŵiri wakaleka. Mu chaka chakwamba, wakasamukira ku sukulu ya Wharton ya pa yunivesite ya Pennsylvania, ndipo kanandi wakendanga ku ofesi ya adada ŵake pa sabata. Mu Meyi 1968, wakasambira vya chuma. Mwakupambana na ivyo wakayowoya kuti wakaŵa waciŵiri mu kilasi lake, Wharton wakalemba yayi zina lake mu mabuku gha sukulu na mu mpukutu wake.[3][4] Apo wakaluta ku Wharton, wakaghanaghananga vya ntchito ya malonda. 13] Wakalekerathu kunjira usilikari pa nyengo ya nkhondo ya ku Vietnam chifukwa cha viwangwa ivyo vikaŵa mu makongono ghake.[5]
Ntchito ya bizinesi
[lemba | kulemba source]Real estate
[lemba | kulemba source]Kwambira mu 1968, Trump wakagwiranga nchito ku Trump Management, kampani ya adada ŵake ya real estate, iyo yikagwiranga nchito ya kupanga nyumba izo Fred wakazenga ku Queens, Staten Island, na Brooklyn. Mulimo wake ukuru ukaŵa wa kupoka ndalama za renti na kunozga nyumba kwa vilimika pafupifupi vinkhondi. Trump wakapempha adada ŵake kuti ŵalute ku Manhattan, uko vinthu vikaŵa vyakudura, kweni adada ŵake ŵakakhorwa na malo ghakutali. Mu 1971, wakasamukira ku Manhattan, uko wakanozga vyakuti wasamire ku ofesi ya adada ŵake. Chaka chenechichi, adada ŵake ŵakajizgora kuŵa mulara wa gulu ili, ndipo Trump wakazgoka pulezidenti. Trump wakamba kugwiliskira nchito gulu la Trump Organization nga ni nkhokwe ya mazina gha mabungwe gha adada ŵake.[6][7][8][7][9][10][11]
Roy Cohn, uyo wakaŵa munthu wakuzirwa chomene kwa Trump kufuma apo adada ŵake ŵakafwira, ndiyo wakanozganga masuzgo gha Trump, wakaŵa loya, kweniso wakaŵa msambizgi wake[23] kwa vyaka 13 mu vyaka vya m'ma 1970 na 1980. Cohn wakamusambizga Trump kuti umoyo ni malonda. 25] Mu 1973, Cohn wakawovwira Trump kuti wapeleke mulandu ku boma la U.S. kwa ndalama zakukwana $100 million (zakuyana na $659 million mu 2022) pa mulandu uwo boma ili likapeleka wakuti malo gha Trump ghakaŵa na sankho ku ŵanthu ŵafipa na awo ŵakakhalanga mwenemumo. Nkhani iyi yikamara na dango la boma ilo likazomerezga kuti ŵaleke kupatura ŵanthu, ndipo pati pajumpha vyaka vinayi, mbumba ya Trump yikaluta ku khoti chifukwa cha kuswa dango ili. Apo wakawovwiranga mulimo wa Trump, Cohn wakaŵa mulaŵiliri wa katundu uyo wakaŵa na ŵabwezi ŵa mu gulu la Mafia ilo likalongozganga mawupu gha vyakuzenga. Mu 1979, Cohn wakalongosolera Trump Roger Stone, uyo wakaŵa mulaŵiliri wa vya ndyali, ndipo Trump wakalemba ntchito Stone kuti wazakamovwire pa nkhani za ndyali.
Trump wakawonanga kuti wakutemwa kuzenga mulandu, kwambura kupwelerako ivyo vingacitika; nanga ni para watondeka, wakalongosoranga kuti wawina mulandu. Pakati pa 1991 na 2009, Trump wakapempha boma kuti liŵavikilire ku vimbundi pa bizinesi yake yinkhondi na yimoza: ya Plaza Hotel ku Manhattan, ya makasino ku Atlantic City, New Jersey, na kampani ya Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts.
Mu 1992 na 1994, Trump, wakagwira nchito na ŵabali ŵake ŵanandi, ndipo wakapangiska kampani ya shell kuti yilute na kulipira ŵamalonda awo ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito nyumba za Trump, na kulipira ndalama izo ku Trump Management na ndalama zinandi; ndalama izo zikakwera zikagwiliskirika nchito kuti boma lizomerezge kuti likwezge ndalama za nyumba zake. Padera pa kukwezga renti, ndalama izi zikapelekeka ku ŵana na mphuvya za Fred na kuchepeskako msonkho.[12]
Ku Manhattan na ku Chicago
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Mu 1978, Trump wakamba kumanyikwa na ŵanthu apo wakambiska bizinesi ya mbumba yake ya ku Manhattan, iyo yikaŵa yakunozga Commodore Hotel, iyo yikaŵa pafupi na Grand Central Terminal. Ŵakacita nthena cifukwa cakuti adada ŵake ŵakamupelekezga ndalama zakukwana madola 400 miliyoni za msonkho wa katundu wa mu msumba uwu. Ŵakaŵasazgirako ndalama zakukwana madola 70 miliyoni za ngongole ya kuzenga. Mu 1980, ŵakajura hotelo iyi na kuyichema kuti Grand Hyatt Hotel, ndipo mu chaka chenechichi, ŵakazomerezgeka kuzenga Trump Tower, iyo yikaŵa nyumba yapachanya ku Midtown Manhattan. Nyumba iyi ndiyo yikaŵa likuru la Trump Corporation na komiti ya Trump ya political action committee (PAC) ndipo yikaŵa nyumba ya Trump mpaka mu 2019. Mu 1988, Trump wakagura hotelo ya Plaza na ngongoli kufuma ku mabanki 16. Mu 1992, hotelo iyi yikachita ukaboni wakuti yikwenda makora yayi, ndipo pamanyuma pa mwezi umoza, yikapangaso pulani yakuti yikhazikiskikeso, ndipo mabanki ghakamba kuwusa hotelo iyi.[14][15][16][17][18]
Mu 1995, Trump wakaleka kulipira ngongoli ya madola 3 biliyoni gha ku banki, ndipo awo ŵakamupa ngongoli ŵakakora hotelo ya Plaza pamoza na katundu wake munyake mu ndondomeko ya "kuwezgeramo vinthu mu nyumba" iyo yikawovwira kuti waleke kuŵa na ndalama zinandi. Ntchito yikuru ya Trump yikaŵa ya kuzenga nyumba ya Trump International Hotel and Tower iyo yikaŵa na nyumba zakudikanya 92. Nyumba iyi yikajulika mu 2008. Mu 2024, nyuzipepara ya The New York Times na ProPublica zikayowoya kuti ofesi ya Internal Revenue Service yikakhumbanga kumanya usange wakaleka kuzenga nyumba iyo wakawona kuti njambura kuzirwa.[19]
Makasino gha mu Atlantic City
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Mu 1984, Trump wakajura Harrah's pa Trump Plaza, hotelo na kasino, na ndalama na wovwiri wa wupu wa Holiday Corporation. Vinthu vikamwendera makora yayi, ndipo wakalipira Holiday madola 70 miliyoni mu Meyi 1986 kuti ndiyo waŵe na mazaza ghose. Mu 1985, wakagura hotelo ya Atlantic City Hilton iyo yikaŵa kuti yindajure na kuyithya zina lakuti Trump's Castle. Mu 1988, Trump wakagura malo ghachitatu mu Atlantic City, Trump Taj Mahal. Yikasangika na ndalama zakukwana madola 675 miliyoni ndipo yikamara kuzengeka na ndalama zakukwana madola 1.1 biliyoni, ndipo yikajulika mu Epulero 1990. Mu 1991, wakapempha boma kuti limovwire. Mwakuyana na ivyo vyayowoyeka mu phangano ili, Trump wakaleka hafu ya katundu wake ndipo wakalayizga kuti vinthu viŵenge makora munthazi. Kuti wachepeske ngongoli yake ya madola 900 miliyoni, wakaguliska kampani ya ndege ya Trump Shuttle; boti lake likuru, la Trump Princess, ilo wakalipeleka ku makasino ghake na kuliguliska ku malo ghanyake; na mabizinesi ghanyake. Mu 1995, Trump wakambiska Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), iyo yikamba kuŵa na Trump Plaza. THCR yikagura nyumba ya Taj Mahal na Trump Castle mu 1996 ndipo yikamba kuswa ndalama mu 2004 na mu 2009, ndipo yikamuleka na 10 peresenti. Wakalutilira kuŵa mulongozgi wa gulu ili mpaka mu 2009.[20][21][22]
Mawupu gha Gofu
[lemba | kulemba source]Mu 1985, Trump wakagura nyumba ya Mar-a-Lago ku Palm Beach, Florida. Mu 1995, wakasintha malo agha na kughamba kuŵa gulu la ŵanthu ŵake na kulipira ndalama zakukwana chaka chilichose. Trump wakalutilira kugwiliskira nchito cipinda cinyake ca nyumba iyo kuŵa cikaya cake. Wakapharazga kuti club iyi ndiyo yikwenera kuŵa nyumba yake mu 2019. Mu 1999, Trump wakamba kuzenga na kugura malo gha gofu, ndipo mu 2016 wakaŵa na malo 17 pa charu chose.[23]
Kupeleka License ya Zina la Trump
[lemba | kulemba source]Gulu la Trump kanandi likagaŵanga mazina gha Trump pa vinthu ivyo ŵakagwiliskiranga nchito, nga ni vyakurya, vyakuvwara, masambiro, na vinthu vya mu nyumba. Wakapangana na makampani ghakujumpha 50 kuti ghapike mapenshoni, ndipo ghakapanga ndalama zakukwana madola 59 miliyoni. Kuzakafika mu 2018, makampani ghaŵiri pera agho ghakupanga katundu wakukhumbikwa ndiwo ghakalutilira kupeleka zina la Trump. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 2000, wakapanga nyumba zinandi. Vinthu 40 ivyo wakapharazga vikamara yayi.[24]
Ntchito zinyake
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Mu 1970, Trump wakasunga ndalama zakukwana $70,000 za adada ŵake kuti wapokere ndalama zakucitira cinthu cinyake pa Broadway, kweni ndalama izi zikamumara. Wati wagura timu ya New York Mets na ya Cleveland Indians, mu 1983 wakagura ya New Jersey Generals, iyo yikaŵa ya United States Football League. Mpikisanowo unatha pambuyo pa nyengo ya 1985, makamaka chifukwa cha kuyesa kwake kusamukira ku ndondomeko ya kugwa (pamene iyo ikanakhala ikupikisana ndi National Football League kwa omvera) ndi kuyesa kwake kukakamiza kugwirizana ndi NFL mwa kubweretsa chovala chotsutsa. Mu 1989 na 1990, wakalemba zina lake pa Tour de Trump, mu chiyezgo cha ku America kuti wapangiske viphalizgano vya ku Europe nga ni Tour de France panji Giro d'Italia.
Kufuma mu 1986 kufika mu 1988, wakagura masheya ghanandi mu makampani ghakupambanapambana agho ghakaŵa pa malo ghakupambanapambana, ndipo wakaguliska masheya agha kuti wasangepo phindu. Nyuzipepara ya The New York Times yikati, pakwamba wakapanga ndalama zinandi comene mu malonda gha malonda agha, kweni "wakazitaya zose para ŵamalonda ŵaleka kughanaghanira ivyo wakayowoya"..[25]
Mu 1988, Trump wakagura ndege ya Eastern Air Lines Shuttle, na ndalama zakukwana $380 miliyoni (kuyana na $0.94 biliyoni mu 2022) mu ngongole kufuma ku mabanki 22. Wakasintha zina la ndege iyi kuŵa Trump Shuttle ndipo wakayigwiranga m'paka mu 1992. Mu 1991, wakaleka kulipira ngongoli zake, ndipo mabanki ghakamba kumuguliska. Mu 1996, wakagura viphikiro vya Miss Universe, kusazgapo Miss USA na Miss Teen USA. Chifukwa cha kusagwirizana ndi CBS pa ndondomeko, iye anatenga awiri okongola ku NBC mu 2002. Mu 2007, wakapokera nyenyezi pa Hollywood Walk of Fame chifukwa cha ntchito yake ya kupanga Miss Universe. NBC na Univision ŵakaleka kupokelera vipharazgo ivi mu Juni 2015 chifukwa cha ivyo wakayowoya vyakukhwaskana na ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku Mexico.[26]
Yunivesite ya Trump
[lemba | kulemba source]IMu 2005, Trump wakambiska Trump University, kampani iyo yikaguliskanga masemina gha malonda gha malo ghakukwana $35,000. Ŵalara ŵa boma la New York ŵakati ŵaphalira kampani iyi kuti yikupambana na malango gha boma pakuzunura "yunivesite" chifukwa yikaŵa sukulu yayi, mu 2010 ŵakasintha zina la kampani iyi kuŵa Trump Entrepreneur Initiative. Mu 2013, boma la New York likadumura mulandu wa madola 40 miliyoni ku Trump University, likati kampani iyi yikapeleka mauthenga ghautesi na kupusika ŵanthu. Mwakusazgirapo, milandu yiŵiri yikadumulika mu khoti la boma kwimikana na iyo na makampani ghake. Mabuku gha mukati ghakulongora kuti ŵantchito ŵakaphalirika kuti ŵagwirenge nchito mwakusuzga, ndipo awo ŵakagwiranga nchito mu yunivesite iyi ŵakayowoya kuti Trump University yikapusika panji kupusika ŵasambiri ŵake. Wati wawina masankho gha 2016, wakazomera kupeleka ndalama zakukwana $25 miliyoni kuti milandu yitatu iyi yimare.[27]
Mawupu ghamu mizi
[lemba | kulemba source]Zina lake ni Donald J. Wupu wa Trump ukaŵanga wupu waŵene uwo ukakhazikiskika mu 1988. Kufuma mu 1987 m'paka 2006, Trump wakapeleka ndalama zakukwana $5.4 miliyoni ku wupu wake, ndipo ndalama izi zikaŵa kuti zagwira kale ntchito mu 2006. Wakati wapeleka ndalama zakukwana $65,000 mu 2007 ⁇ 2008, wakaleka kupeleka ndalama zake ku gulu ili, ilo likapokera ndalama zinandi kufuma ku ŵanthu ŵanyake, kusazgapo $5 million kufuma kwa Vince McMahon. Wupu uwu ukapelekanga ndalama ku mawupu gha vyaumoyo na maseŵero, mawupu gha ŵanthu awo ŵakutemwa vyakusanguluska, na mawupu agho ghakachitanga viphikiro mu nyumba za Trump. Mu 2016, nyuzipepara ya The Washington Post yikati gulu ili likachita vinthu vyakupambanapambana pa nkhani ya malango, kusazgapo kuguliska katundu na kuleka kupeleka msonkho. Kweniso mu chaka cha 2016, loya mukuru wa boma la New York wakayowoya kuti wupu uwu waswa malango gha boma pakulomba vyawanangwa kwambula kujilambika ku kafukufuku wa pachaka ndipo wakalangula kuti wupu uwu uleke ntchito zawo zakusonkha ndalama ku New York nyengo yeneyiyo. 6] Mu Disembala 2016, Trump wakayowoya kuti wupu uwu uzamumalizgika, kweni wakazomerezgeka yayi.
Mu Juni 2018, ofesi ya loya mukuru wa boma la New York yikanjizga mulandu wa civil against the foundation, Trump, and his adult children, kupenja $2.8 million mu restitution and additional penalties. Mu Disembala 2018, wupu uwu ukaleka kugwira nchito na kupeleka ndalama zake ku wupu unyake. Mu Novembala wa 2019, jaji wa boma la New York wakalangura Trump kuti wapeleke $2 miliyoni ku gulu la ŵanthu ŵakupeleka wovwiri cifukwa ca kugwiliskira nchito uheni ndalama za m'bungwe ili, kuti wapeleke ndalama zakwendeskera kampeni yake.[28]
Nkhani za malango na za banki
[lemba | kulemba source]Kuyana na ivyo vikalembeka mu makhoti gha mu vyaru na gha mu vyaru vinyake, ivyo vikalembeka na USA Today mu 2018, Trump na mabizinesi ghake ŵakakakika mu milandu yakujumpha 4,000. Nangauli Trump wandayowoyepo kuti wali na suzgo la ndalama, kweni bizinesi yake ya hotelo na kasino ku Atlantic City na New York, iyo yikaguliskanga ndalama zinandi, yikayowoyerathu kuti yili na suzgo la ndalama maulendo 6 kufuma mu 1991 kufika mu 2009. Banki iyi yikalutilira kugwira nchito apo banki yikanozga ngongoli na kuchepeska katundu wake mu nyumba izi. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1980, mabanki ghakujumpha 70 ghakapeleka ndalama kwa Trump zakukwana madola 4 biliyoni. Mu ma 1990, mabungwe ghakurughakuru gha banki ghakaleka kumupa ndalama, kupaturako Deutsche Bank. Pamanyuma pa kupanikizgika kwa nyumba ya Capitol pa Janyuwale 6, Deutsche Bank nayo yikasankha kuti yileke kucita nayo bizinesi panji kampani yake munthazi.[29]
Ntchito ya pa mawayilesi na vyachisangulusko
[lemba | kulemba source]Trump wali kulemba mabuku 19 pasi pa zina lake, ghanandi ghake ghakalembeka panji kulembeka pamoza na ghostwriters.[30] Buku lake lakwamba, la 1987 lakuti Art of the Deal, likalembeka na Tony Schwartz, uyo wakulongosoreka kuti wakaŵa mulembi munyake wa buku ili. Buku ili likaŵa pa mndandanda wa New York Times Best Seller ndipo likamupangiska Trump kumanyika chomene kuwaro kwa New York nga ni munthu musambazi kweniso wakuchita makora bizinesi.[31] Trump wakawoneka mu mafilimu ghanandi kweniso mu mapulogiramu gha pa wayilesi ya kanema kufuma mu 1985 mpaka 2001.[32] Trump wakasambira umo wakachitiranga ndyali kufuma ku professional wrestling. Kwambira kumapeto kwa m'ma 1980, nyengo zinyake wakachitanga ngati ndiyo mweneuyo pa vyakuchitika vya WWE, nga ni bwana musambazi chomene, kusazgapo WrestleMania 23 mu 2007.[33][34] Kwambira m'ma 1990, Trump wakawonekera kaŵiri na kanayi (24) nga ni mulendo pa pulogiramu ya Howard Stern Show iyo yikafikanga charu chose.[35] Wakaŵaso na pulogiramu yake yifupi ya wayilesi yakudumbiskana, Trumped!, kufuma mu 2004 mpaka 2008.[36] Kufuma mu 2011 mpaka 2015, wakaŵa mlendo wakuyowoyapo ndemanga pa Fox & Friends.[37] Mu 2021, Trump, uyo wakaŵa membala wa SAG-AFTRA kufuma mu 1989, wakafumamo mu wupu uwu kuti waleke kuwoneka pa mphara ya chilango yakukhwaskana na kuwukira kwa pa Janyuwale 6; mazuŵa ghaŵiri ghakati ghajumphapo, wupu uwu ukamukanizga kwamuyirayira kuŵaso membala.[38] Wakupanga mapulogiramu gha pa wayilesi ya kanema Mark Burnett wakapangiska Trump kuŵa nyenyezi ya pa wayilesi ya kanema[39] apo wakalenga pulogiramu ya The Apprentice, iyo Trump wakalongozganga kufuma mu 2004 mpaka 2015 (kusazgapo mtundu unyake wa The Celebrity Apprentice). Mu mapulogiramu agha, wakawonekanga nga ni mulara mukuru musambazi chomene wa kampani uyo wakafumiskanga ŵakwimilira pa mpikisano na mazgu ghakumanyikwa ghakuti "wamazga ntchito". The New York Times yikachema umo wakajilongosoleranga kuti "nthowa yakumuthamikira chomene kweniso yakunozga nkhani mwakupambaniska na unenesko" ya iyomwene.[40] Mapulogiramu agha ghakasintha umo ŵanthu mamiliyoni ghanandi mu charu chose cha United States ŵakamuwoneleranga Trump.[40][41] Kwendeskera pamoza na mapangano ghakuzomerezga kugwiliskira ntchito zina lake na malonda ghake, wakasangapo ndalama zakujumpha US$400 miliyoni.[42]
Kukhumba kunjira mu ndyali pakwamba
[lemba | kulemba source]
Trump wakalembeska kuti ni wa chipani cha Republican mu Queens mu 1969 ndipo ku Manhattan mu 1987;[11][43] wakaŵa membala wa Chipani cha Independence cha New York, nthambi ya boma la New York ya Reform Party, mu 1999; wa Chipani cha Democratic mu 2001; Republican mu 2009; wambura chipani mu 2011; ndipo Republican mu 2012.[44]
Mu 1987, Trump wakafumiska malonda gha ukuru wa peji yose mu manyuzipepara ghakuru,[45] wakalongosoranga maghanoghano ghake pa ndyali za vyaru vinyake kweniso umo wangamalira kusoŵeka kwa ndalama mu bajeti ya boma la federal.[46] Mu 1988, wakaluta kwa Lee Atwater, wakamupempha kuti wamughanaghanire kuŵa wanyake wakwimilira pamoza na munthu wakwimira chipani cha Republican, George H. W. Bush. Bush wakati pempho ili "likaŵa lachilendo kweniso lakusuzga kugomezga".[47][48] Trump wakaŵa wakwimilira pa ma primaries gha purezidenti gha Reform Party gha 2000 kwa myezi yitatu pambere wandafumemo mu Febuluwale 2000.[49][50][51] Mu 2011, Trump wakaghanaghananga kupikisana na Pulezidenti Barack Obama pa chisankho cha pulezidenti cha 2012. Wakayowoya pa Conservative Political Action Conference mu Febuluwale ndipo wakayowoya nkhani mu vigaŵa ivyo vikachitanga ma primaries ghakwambilira.[52][53] Mu Meyi 2011, wakapharazga kuti wazamupikisana yayi.[52]
Chisankho cha pulezidenti cha 2016
[lemba | kulemba source]
Trump wakapharazga kuti wapikisanenge pa chisankho cha 2016 mu Juni 2015.[54][55] Wakagwiliskiranga ntchito mazgu gha kampeni ghakuti "Pangaso America Kuŵa Yikuru", agho wakalembeska nga ni chizindikiro cha malonda mu 2012,[56] ndipo wakachita kampeni nga ni mubizinesi musambazi, wakachita makora, kweniso munthu uyo wakaŵavya vinandi vya ndyali,[57][58][59] ndipo wakatenge ŵakumupuskira nkhani ŵakaŵa na kukondera kwa vyakupharazga nkhani pa iyo.[60][61] Mazgu gha Trump pa kampeni kanandi ghakaŵanga ghambura kupulikikwa makora ndipo ghakalongosoranga vinthu mwakubisa;[62] ndipo mautesi ghake ghakaŵa ghanandi kuluska kale.[63][64][65] Mu Malichi 2016 wakaŵa munthu wakulongozga pa chipani cha Republican,[66] ndipo mu Meyi wakapharazgika kuti ndiyo wakaŵa wakwimira chipani cha Republican pa chisankho.[67]
Trump wakalongosora kuti NATO "yikagwiraso ntchito yayi"[68][69] ndipo wakalongora maghanoghano agho The Washington Post yikaghachema kuti gha kwambura kunjilirapo pa nkhondo za vyaru vinyake kweniso kukhwirizga malonda gha mu charu.[70] Ndondomeko yake ya kampeni yikakhazikanga pa kukambiranaso ubwezi wa United States na China kweniso mapangano gha malonda ghambura msonkho nga ni NAFTA, kweniso kukhozga chomene malango gha ŵanthu ŵakunjira mu charu. Maghanoghano ghanyake gha kampeni ghakasazgapo kupenja kujiyimira pawekha pa nkhani ya nkhongono, nangauli wakasuskananga na malango ghakukhwaskana na kusintha kwa nyengo, kunozga mauteŵeti gha ŵasilikari ŵakupumura, kumazga na kunozgaso Affordable Care Act, kumazga fundo za masambiro za Common Core, kuŵika ndalama mu zomangamanga, kupusuza dango la misonkho apo wakachepeskanga misonkho, kweniso kuŵika misonkho ya katundu pa vinthu vyakunjira mu charu ivyo vikapangika na makampani agho ghakasamuskira ntchito zawo kuwaro kwa United States. Wakakhumbanga kusazgirako ndalama za ŵasilikari kweniso kuchita kusanda mwankhongono panji kuŵakanizga ŵanthu ŵakufuma mu vyaru vya Chisilamu kunjira mu charu.[71] Wakalayizga kuzenga lupupa pa mphaka ya Mexico na United States ndipo wakalayizga kuti Mexico ndiyo wazamukulipira.[72] Wakalayizgaso kuchimbizga mamiliyoni gha ŵalendo ŵambura mapepala awo ŵakakhalanga mu United States,[73] ndipo wakasuska ufumu wa kuŵa mwanarumi wa charu chifukwa cha kubabikira mu United States, wakati uku ukupangiska kuŵa na "ŵana ŵakubabikira kuti ŵapoke wanarumi".[74] Kuyana na kusanda uko kukafuma mu Political Science Quarterly, pa kampeni yake ya pa visola vya pulezidenti vya 2016, Trump wakagwiliskira ntchito mazgu agho ghakawonekanga pakweru kuti ghakaŵa gha sankho la mtundu na gha kusankhana ŵanalume na ŵanakazi kuti wakope ŵavoti ŵatuŵa.[75] Chomenechomene, mazgu ghake ghakwambilira gha kampeni ghakasuskika chifukwa chakuti wakati ŵalendo ŵa ku Mexico "ŵakwiza na munkhwala wakuzweteska, ŵakwiza na ubendezi, ŵakuchita chibundi";[76] chifukwa cha ivi, NBC yikamufumiska pa Celebrity Apprentice.[77]
Ulongozgi wakwamba (2017–2021)
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Trump wakanjizgika mu udindo pa Janyuwale 20, 2017. Zuŵa lakulondezgapo, ŵanthu ŵakukwana pafupifupi 2.6 miliyoni pa charu chose chapasi, kusazgapo 500,000 ku Washington, D.C., ŵakachita viwoneskero vyakususkana nayo mu Women's Marches.[78] Mu masabata ghake ghaŵiri ghakwamba mu udindo, Trump wakasaina malango gha boma 18, kusazgapo kuzomerezga nthowa zakumazgira Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare"), kufumamo mu kudumbiskana kwa Trans-Pacific Partnership, kulutiska panthazi ma projekiti gha Keystone XL na Dakota Access Pipeline, kweniso kunozgekera kuzenga lupupa pa mphaka ya United States na Mexico.[79]
Kukwaskana kwa vyakukondweska vya munthu yekha
[lemba | kulemba source]Trump wakalutilira kusanga phindu kufuma ku mabizinesi ghake pa nyengo ya ulongozgi wake wakwamba ndipo wakamanyanga umo ndondomeko za boma lake zikakhwaskiranga mabizinesi agha.[80][81] Wakati wazamuchita yayi "mapangano ghaphya gha kuwaro kwa charu", kweni Trump Organization yikalutilira kusazgirako ntchito zake ku Scotland, Dubai na Dominican Republic.[80][81] Ŵakukopa boma, ŵalara ŵa maboma gha kuwaro, kweniso ŵakupa ndalama ku Trump na ŵabwezi ŵake ŵakamupangira ndalama zakukwana mazana ghanandi gha mamiliyoni gha madola pa malo ghake ghakupumulirako na mahotelo.[82]
Ndondomeko za mukati mwa charu
[lemba | kulemba source]Trump wakanjira mu udindo apo United States yikaŵa mu nyengo yitali chomene ya kukura kwa vyachuma,[83] iyo yikamba mu 2009 na kulutilira mpaka Febuluwale 2020 apo kusika kwa vyachuma chifukwa cha COVID-19 kukamba.[84] Mu Disembala 2017, wakasaina Dango la Tax Cuts and Jobs Act la 2017, ilo likachepeska misonkho ya mabizinesi na ya ŵanthu payekhapayekha, kweniso likamazga chilango chakukhwaskana na dango la Affordable Care Act lakuti munthu waliyose waŵe na inshuwalansi ya umoyo.[85][86] Mu nyengo ya Trump, kusoŵeka kwa ndalama mu bajeti ya boma la federal kukakwera pafupifupi 50 peresenti, kufika pafupifupi US$1 thiriliyoni mu 2019.[87] Paumaliro wa nyengo yake mu udindo, ngongoli ya charu ya United States yikakwera na 39 peresenti kufika pa US$27.75 thiriliyoni, ndipo chiŵelengero cha ngongoli pakuyezga na GDP cha United States chikafika pachanya chomene kufuma pa nyengo ya Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya pa Charu Chose.[88]
Trump wakukana kumanyana kwa ŵasayansi pa kusintha kwa nyengo.[89] Wakachepeska bajeti ya kafukufuku wa nkhongono zakuweleraso na 40 peresenti, ndipo wakawuskapo ndondomeko za nyengo ya Obama izo zikakhumbanga kuchepeska kusintha kwa nyengo.[90] Wakafumiska United States mu Pangano la Paris, kupangiska United States kuŵa charu chimoza pera icho chikaŵa chindazomerezge pangano ili.[91]
Trump wakakhumbanga, ndipo wachali kukhumba, kusazgirako kupanga na kutumiza kuwaro mafuta gha pansi.[92][93] Kupanga gasi wachilengedwe kukakura mu nyengo ya Trump, kweni kupanga malasha kukalutilira kuchepa.[94][95]
Wakawuskapo malango gha boma ghakujumpha 100 agho ghakavikilira vyachilengedwe, kusazgapo agho ghakachepeskanga mpweya wakuwoneska kutentha, kunangika kwa mphepo na kunangika kwa maji, kweniso kugwiliskira ntchito vyakofya. Wakafoka nkhongono za malango ghakovwira vinyama na vyeruzgo vya vyachilengedwe pa ma projekiti gha boma, ndipo wakazomerezga malo ghanandi ghakukumbiramo mafuta na vinthu vya mu dongo, nga nkhuvwilira kukumba mafuta mu Arctic Refuge.[96]
Mu kuzgora ku suzgo la munkhwala wa opioid ku United States, Trump wakasaina dango mu 2018 lakusazgirako ndalama zakovwira ŵanthu awo ŵakupokera wovwiri wakuleka munkhwala wakuzweteska, kweni wakasuskika chomene chifukwa chakuti wakatondeka kuŵika ndondomeko yakupulikikwa makora yakumazgira suzgo ili.[97] Wakakanizga mawupu agho ghakapelekanga vyakufumiska nthumbo panji kulongozga ŵanakazi uko ŵangakasanga vyakufumiska nthumbo kuti ghapokere ndalama za boma la federal.[98] Boma lake likawuskapo vigaŵa vikuru vya ndondomeko za boma la Obama zakuvikilira ŵantchito ku kusankhana ŵanthu ŵa LGBTQ.[99] Kuyezga kwake kwakuwuskapo malango ghakovwira ŵalwari ŵa transgender ku kusankhana mu Ogasiti 2020 kukakanizgika na mweruzgi wa boma la federal pamanyuma pakuti Khoti Likuru likafiska ufulu wa ŵantchito kuŵa wakuvikilirika pa jenda na kaŵiro ka munthu ka kugonana.[100] Boma lake likasuskanga kugwiliskira ntchito chamba, ndipo likawuskapo ndondomeko za nyengo ya Obama izo zikavikiliranga maboma agho ghakazomerezga kugwiliskira ntchito chamba mwakwenelera.[101] Trump ni wakwimilira chilango cha nyifwa kwa nyengo yitali,[102][103] ndipo boma lake likalongozga boma la federal la United States pa kukoma ŵakayidi 13, chiŵelengero chikuru kuluska ŵose awo ŵakakomeka mu vyaka 56 ivyo vikajumpha, ndipo vikamazga nyengo ya vyaka 17 iyo chilango ichi chikachitikanga yayi.[104]
Kugowokera na kuchepeska chilango
[lemba | kulemba source]Mu nyengo yake yakwamba mu udindo, Trump wakapeleka vigowokero 237, vichoko kuluska mapulezidenti wose kufuma mu 1900 kupatulako George H. W. Bush na George W. Bush.[105] Pa vigowokero ivi, 25 pera ndivyo vikawunikika na Ofesi ya Loya wa Vigowokero ya Unduna wa vya Malango; vinyake vikapelekeka ku ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa na ubwezi wa munthu panji wa ndyali na iyo, mbumba yake, panji ŵabwezi ŵake, panji awo ŵakalimbikizgika na ŵanthu ŵakumanyikwa.[106][107] Pa zuŵa lake laumaliro lathunthu mu udindo, wakagowokera ŵanthu 73 ndipo wakachepeska vilango vya ŵanthu 70.[108] Vigowokero vya ŵasilikari ŵatatu awo ŵakasangika na mulandu panji ŵakeneranga kweruzgika pa milandu ya nkhaza vikakanizgika na ŵalongozgi ŵa ŵasilikari.[109]
Ndondomeko ya ŵanthu ŵakusamukira mu charu
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Nga ni pulezidenti, Trump wakalongosoranga kuti ŵanthu ŵakanjira mu charu mwambura kuzomerezgeka "ŵakunjira mwankhaza" mu United States[110] ndipo wakakhozga chomene kukhozga malango gha ŵanthu ŵakusamukira mu charu.[111][112] Wakakhazikiska ndondomeko zakukhora zakususkana na ŵanthu awo ŵakapenjanga malo ghakubisamamo chifukwa cha suzgo.[112] Wakatumizga ŵasilikari pafupifupi 6,000 ku mphaka ya United States na Mexico kuti ŵakanizge ŵanthu ŵakunjira mu charu mwambura kuzomerezgeka.[113] Wakachepeska chomene chiŵelengero cha ŵachimbizi awo ŵakazomerezgekanga kunjira mu charu, kufuma pa mphaka wa 110,000 pa chaka pambere wandanjire mu udindo kufika pa 15,000 mu 2021.[114][115][116] Trump wakasazgirakoso malango ghakusuzga ŵanthu awo ŵakakhumbanga kupokera chilolezo chakukhala kwamuyirayira usange ŵakakhumbanga wovwiri wa boma.[117] Chimoza mwa vilayizgo vikuru vya kampeni yake chikaŵa kuzenga lupupa pa mphaka ya United States na Mexico;[118] mu nyengo yake yakwamba, United States yikazenga lupupa lwa 73 miles (117 km) pa malo agho pakaŵavya lupupa ndipo yikasintha lupupa lwakale lwa 365 miles (587 km).[119] Mu 2018, Trump wakakana kusaina dango la ndalama za boma lililose usange likapelekanga yayi ndalama zakuzengera lupupa lwa mphaka,[120] ndipo ivi vikapangiska kujalika kwa boma la federal kwa mazuŵa 35 kufuma mu Disembala 2018 mpaka Janyuwale 2019, uko pa nyengo iyo kukaŵa kwakutali chomene mu mbiri,[121] kweni pamanyuma kukajumpha na kujalika kwa boma mu 2025.[122]
Kujalika kwa boma kukamara wakati wazomera kupeleka ndalama ku boma kwambura kuŵikamo ndalama zakuzengera lupupa lwa mphaka.[121] Kuti ŵagege kujalikaso kwa boma, Congress yikazomerezga dango la ndalama mu Febuluwale ilo likapeleka US$1.4 biliyoni zakuzengera vigongwe vya mphaka.[123] Pamanyuma, Trump wakapharazga emergency ya charu pa mphaka ya kumwera kuti wasamuskire US$6.1 biliyoni ku ndalama zakuzengera lupupa lwa mphaka,[123] nangauli Congress yikakananga fundo iyi.[124]
Mu Janyuwale 2017, Trump wakasaina dango la boma ilo likakanizga ŵanthu ŵa mu vyaru vinkhondi na chimoza ivyo ŵanthu ŵanandi Mbasilamu kunjira mu United States kwa myezi yinayi, ndipo ŵanthu ŵa ku Syria ŵakakanizgika kwamuyirayira.[125][126] Dango ili likapangiska viwoneskero vinandi kweniso milandu yinandi ya malango, ivyo vikapangiska malango ghakulekeska kugwiliskira ntchito mu charu chose dango ili.[125][126][127] Dango linyake lakunozgekaso ilo likapelekanga vyakusankha vinyake nalo likakanizgikaso na makhoti,[128][129] kweni Khoti Likuru likadumura mu Juni kuti kuletska uku kungagwiliskirika ntchito pa ŵanthu awo ŵalije ubwezi wa "bona fide" na munthu panji bungwe mu United States.[130] Mu Seputembala, Trump wakasintha kuletska uku na chilengezgo cha pulezidenti icho chikathandazga kuletska ulendo ku ŵanthu ŵa ku North Korea, Chad, na ŵalara ŵanyake ŵa Venezuela, kweni Iraq na Sudan vikafumiskikamo.[131] Mu Disembala 2017, Khoti Likuru likazomerezga kuti mtundu uwu wa kuletska ulendo ugwiliskirike ntchito,[132] ndipo paumaliro likalikhozga mu 2019.[133]
Kufuma mu 2017 mpaka 2018, boma la Trump likaŵa na ndondomeko yakupatura mbumba, iyo yikapatula ŵana ŵakujumpha 4,400, ŵanyake ŵa myezi yinayi pera yakubabika,[134] ku ŵapapi ŵawo awo ŵakasamukiranga mu charu pa mphaka ya United States na Mexico.[135][136] Ndondomeko iyi, iyo yindachitikepo kale,[137] yikakwiyiska chomene ŵanthu mu charu chose.[138] Nangauli pakwamba Trump wakapasa Democrats mulandu[139][140] ndipo wakati wangalekeska yayi ndondomeko iyi kwizira mu dango la boma, pamanyuma wakazomera chifukwa cha kukakamizgika na ŵanthu mu Juni 2018 ndipo wakalangura kuti mbumba za ŵanthu awo ŵakanjira mu charu mwambura kuzomerezgeka zisungikenge pamoza, kwambura usange "palipo chakofya" ku mwana.[141][142] Pamanyuma mweruzgi wakalangura kuti mbumba izi ziwezgeraneso pamoza ndipo kupatura ŵana kulekeke, kupatulapo pa nyengo zakuchepa waka,[143][144] nangauli ŵana ŵakujumpha 1,000 ŵakapaturikaso na mbumba zawo pamanyuma pa dango ili.[136] Kufika mu Epulero 2024, ŵana 1,360 ŵakaŵa ŵandamanyikwe usange ŵakaweleraso ku mbumba zawo.[134]
Ndondomeko ya vyaru vinyake
[lemba | kulemba source].jpg)
Trump wakujichema kuti ni "wakutemwa charu chake"[145] ndipo ndondomeko yake ya vyaru vinyake yikaŵa yakuti "America Yakwamba".[146] Wakakhozgera maboma gha populist, neo-nationalist, na ghaulamuliro wa nkhongono.[147] Pa nyengo ya ulamuliro wake, ubwezi wa vyaru vinyake ukaŵa wakusuzga chifukwa cha kusinthasintha, kuleka kumanyikwa ivyo vingachitika, na kuleka kukhazikika.[146][148] Ubwezi pakati pa United States na ŵabwezi ŵake ŵa ku Europe ukasuzgikira chomene mu nyengo ya Trump.[149] Wakasoŵeska ŵabwezi ŵa NATO ndipo mwakubisika wakayowoya kuti United States yikwenera kufuma mu NATO.[150][151]
Trump wakakhozgera ndondomeko zinandi za nduna yikuru ya Israel Benjamin Netanyahu.[152] Mu 2020, Trump wakalongozga mwambo wakusaina Abraham Accords pakati pa Israel na United Arab Emirates kweniso Bahrain kuti ŵanozge ubwezi wawo wa vyaru vinyake.[153]
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Mu 2018, Trump wakamba nkhondo ya malonda na China pamanyuma pakukhazikiska misonkho ya katundu na vinyake vyakukangira malonda, ivyo wakati vikachichizgenge China kuti yimazge maluso ghake gha nyengo yitali gha malonda ghambura urunji kweniso kuba wanangwa wa vinjeru vya umanyi.[154] Trump wakafoka chilango chikuru chomene icho United States yikakhazikiska pa Russia pamanyuma pa Kupoka kwa Russia chigaŵa cha Crimea mu 2014.[155][156] Trump wakalumbanga pulezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin ndipo, kuyana na ŵakususka ŵanyake, wakamususkanga nyengo zichoko waka,[157][158] nangauli wakasuskanga vinyake ivyo boma la Russia likachitanga.[159] Wakafumiska United States mu Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, wakati Russia yikapulikanga yayi ivyo yikazomera,[160] ndipo wakakhozgera kuti Russia yiwezgekeso mu G7.[161]
Apo Vilwero vya nyukiliya vya North Korea vikawonekanga kuti ni suzgo likuru,[162] Trump wakaŵa pulezidenti wakwamba wa United States uyo wakaŵa pa udindo kukumana na mulongozgi wa North Korea, ndipo wakakumana na Kim Jong Un katatu pakati pa Juni 2018 na Juni 2019.[163] Kudumbiskana pa Kumazga vilwero vya nyukiliya vya North Korea kukamara kwambura kupulikana mu Okutobala 2019, ndipo pakaŵavya phangano ilo likafikika.[164][165]
Ŵanthu ŵakusankhika pa maudindo
[lemba | kulemba source]Pakufikaumaliro wa chaka chakwamba cha Trump pa udindo, ŵantchito 34 pa 100 ŵa gulu lake lakwamba ŵakafumapo ntchito, ŵakachimbizgika panji ŵakasinthira ku maudindo ghanyake.[166] Pakufika Julayi 2018, ŵakovwira ŵake ŵalara 61 pa 100 ŵakafumapo,[167] ndipo ŵantchito 141 ŵakafumapo mu chaka chamara.[168] Manambala ghose agha ghakaŵa ghapachanya chomene kuluska gha mapulezidenti ŵanyake ŵasonosono.[169] Ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakaŵa ŵakovwira ŵake ŵapafupi ŵakaleka kumuteŵetera panji ŵakachichizgika kufumapo.[170] Trump wakayowoyanga mwaukazuzi pa ŵanyake mwa ŵalara ŵake ŵakale.[171]
Trump wakaŵa na ŵalara ŵanayi ŵa ŵantchito ŵa White House, ndipo wakapatura panji kufumiska ŵanyake.[172] Mu Meyi 2017, wakachimbizga mulongozgi wa Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), James Comey, ndipo mazuŵa ghachoko pamanyuma wakati wakafipanga mtima chifukwa cha mulimo wa Comey mu kufufuza vya Trump na Russia.[173][174] Pa ŵalara 15 ŵa kabineti yake yakwamba, ŵatatu ŵakafumapo panji ŵakachichizgika kuleka ntchito mukati mwa chaka chakwamba.[175][170] Trump wakachedwanga kusora ŵantchito ŵa maudindo ghachoko mu nthambi ya boma, pakuti wakati maudindo ghanandi ghakaŵa ghambura kukhumbikwa. Mu Okutobala 2017, pakaŵa maudindo ghanandi gha pasi pa kabineti agho ghakaŵavya munthu wakusankhika.[176] Pakufika Janyuwale 8, 2019, pa maudindo ghakuzirwa 706, 433 ghakaŵa ghazuzgika ndipo pakaŵavya munthu wakusankhika pa maudindo 264.[177]
Vyeruzgo
[lemba | kulemba source]Trump wakasora ŵeruzgi ŵa boma 234, kusazgapo 54 ku makhoti gha apilu na ŵatatu ku Khoti Likuru la United States, awo mba Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh, na Amy Coney Barrett,[178][179] ndipo kusankha uku kukapangiska Khoti Likuru kutolera maghanoghano gha ku woko lamalyero.[180][181][182] Mu kampeni ya chisola cha 2016, wakalayizga kuti Roe v. Wade "yizamumazgika yekhayekha" usange wangasankhika na kusanga mwaŵi wakusora ŵeruzgi ŵaŵiri panji ŵatatu awo ŵakususkana na nthumbo. Pamanyuma wakajilumba chifukwa chakuti Roe yikamazgika na mulandu wa Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization mu 2022; ŵeruzgi ŵake ŵose ŵatatu ŵa Khoti Likuru ŵakavotera limoza na ŵanandi.[183][184] Trump wakasuskanga makhoti na ŵeruzgi awo wakasanganga nawo maghanoghano ghakupambana, kanandi mwakukhwaska munthu yekha, ndipo wakakayikiranga mazaza gha makhoti agho ghali mu Dango Likuru. Kuwukira kwake makhoti kukasuskika na ŵanthu ŵanandi, kusazgapo ŵeruzgi ŵa boma awo ŵakaŵa pa udindo, awo ŵakafipanga mtima na umo mazgu ghake ghakakhwaskiranga kujiyimira paŵekha kwa vyeruzgo na kugomezgeka kwa makhoti na ŵanthu.[185][186]
Mliri wa COVID-19
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Pamanyuma pakuleka kupulikira machenjezgo gha umoyo wa ŵanthu kweniso malurombo gha ŵantchito ŵa vyaumoyo awo ŵakagwiranga nayo ntchito kwa masabata ghanandi,[187] Trump wakakhazikiska White House Coronavirus Task Force kuumaliro wa January.[188] Mu March, wakasayina dango la CARES Act—ndondomeko ya ndalama zakukhozga chuma ya US$2.2 trillion yakovwirika na vipani vyose viŵiri—iyo yikaŵa yikuru chomene pa mbiri ya United States.[189][190] Pamanyuma pa masabata ghanandi gha kuwukira ŵanyake kuti ŵanthu ŵaleke kuwona umo wakachedwera kuzgora mliri uwu, Trump wakalekeska ndalama zakovwira World Health Organization mu April.[191] Wakachiska ŵanthu ŵa ku chigaŵa cha ndyali cha kumanjiliro kuchita viwonetsero vyakususkana na ndondomeko za kusungilira mtunda pakati pa ŵanthu mu vyaru ivyo vikaŵa na malango gha kukhala pa nyumba,[192] ndipo kanandi waka wakakakamizga mabungwe gha boma agho ghakawoneleranga vyaumoyo kuti ghachite ivyo iyo wakakhumbanga,[193] nga nkhuvomerezga munkhwala uwo undaŵe ukulongora kuti ngwakovwira.[194][195]
Mu October, Trump wakagonekeka muchipatala kwa mazuŵa ghatatu chifukwa cha matenda ghakuru gha COVID-19, apo gulu lake la ŵadokotala likachepeskanga ukuru wa matenda ghake.[196]
Kufufuzika
[lemba | kulemba source]Pamanyuma pakuti wanjira mu udindo, Trump wakaŵa wakufufuzika chomene na Dipatimenti ya Chilungamo kweniso Congress, ndipo kufufuza kukakhwaskanga kampeni yake ya chisankho, nyengo ya kusintha boma, mwambo wa kunjira mu udindo, ivyo wakachitanga apo wakaŵa pulezidenti, [[The Trump Organization|mabizinesi ghake], msonkho wake, kweniso wupu wake wakuchitira vya wovwiri.[197] Pakaŵa kufufuza kwa milandu 10 ya boma la federal, kufufuza 8 kwa maboma na kwa malo, kweniso kufufuza 12 kwa Congress.[198]
Mu July 2016, FBI yikamba Crossfire Hurricane, kufufuza vyakukhwaskana na kukolerana pakati pa Russia na kampeni ya Trump ya chisankho cha 2016.[199] Trump wakati wafumiska Comey mu May 2017, FBI yikajura kufufuza kwachiŵiri pa vyamalonda vyake kweniso mabizinesi ghake ku Russia.[200] Mu January 2017, mabungwe ghatatu gha vyaumanyi gha United States ghakati mwakugomezgeka chomene kuti Russia yikanjilirapo mu chisankho cha pulezidenti cha 2016 kuti yiwovwire Trump.[201][202] Pamanyuma pake, Crossfire Hurricane yikasamukira ku Robert Mueller kufufuza kwa mulara wapadera;[203] kufufuza kwa ubwezi wa Trump na Russia kukamara apo Muteŵeti wa Attorney General Rod Rosenstein wakaphalira FBI kuti Mueller ndiyo wafufuzgenge nkhani iyi.[204][205] Pa pempho la Rosenstein, kufufuza kwa Mueller kukafufuza milandu "yakukhwaskana na kunjilirapo kwa Russia mu chisankho cha 2016".[204] Lipoti laumaliro la Mueller mu March 2019[206] likasanga kuti Russia yikanjilirapo mu chisankho cha 2016 kuti yiwovwire Trump,[207] ndipo Trump na kampeni yake ŵakazomera na kuchiska kuyezgayezga uku,[208][209][210] kweni ukaboni "ukalongora yayi" kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu kampeni ya Trump ŵakachita chiwembu panji kugwirana ntchito na Russia.[211][212] Trump wakati lipoti ili likamutozga ku mulandu uliwose nangauli Mueller wakalemba kuti likaŵa nthena yayi.[213] Lipoti ili likalongosoraso ukaboni wa kukhuŵazga chilungamo uwo Trump wangachita, kweni "likafika yayi pa fundo yaumaliro",[214][215] ndipo likaleka Congress ndiyo yisankhe usange pakwenera kupeleka milandu.[216]
Ndondomeko ya vyaru vinyake
[lemba | kulemba source]Trump wakujichema kuti ni "munthu wakutemwa charu chake"[217] ndipo ndondomeko yake ya vyaru vinyake yikachemekanga kuti "America First".[146] Wakawovwira maboma gha populism, neo-nationalism, na maboma gha ulongozgi wa nkhongono.[218] Pa nyengo yake ya kuwusa, ubwezi wa United States na vyaru vinyake ukaŵa wakusuzga chifukwa cha kusintha-sintha kwa ndondomeko zake.[146][148] Ubwezi wa United States na ŵabwezi ŵake ku Europe nawo ukasuzgika.[219] Wakasozga ŵabwezi ŵa NATO ndipo mwakubisika wakayowoya kuti United States yikeneranga kufuma mu NATO.[220][221]
Trump wakawovwira ndondomeko zinandi za nduna yikuru ya Israel Benjamin Netanyahu.[222] Mu 2020, Trump wakalongozga mwambo wakusayinirana Abraham Accords pakati pa Israel, United Arab Emirates na Bahrain kuti ŵawovwire ubwezi wa vyaru ivi.[223]
Mu 2018, Trump wakambiska nkhondo ya malonda pakati pa China na United States mwa kuŵika misonkho ya katundu na mphaka zinyake za malonda, wakuti vikachitikanga kuti China yimazge nthowa zake zambura urunji pa malonda na kwiba vinjeru vya ŵanyake.[224] Wakanangiska chilango chikuru chomene icho United States yikaŵikapo pa Russia pamanyuma pa 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea.[225][226] Kanandi wakalumbanga pulezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin, ndipo ŵakususkana nayo ŵakati wakamususkanga pachoko waka,[227][228] nangauli wakakananga vinyake ivyo boma la Russia likachitanga.[229] Wakafumiska United States mu Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty chifukwa wakati Russia yikapulikira yayi phangano ili,[230] ndipo wakawovwira kuti Russia yiwezgekeso mu G7.[161]
Apo vilwero vya nyukiliya vya North Korea vikawonekanga kuti ni suzgo likuru,[231] Trump wakaŵa pulezidenti wakwamba wa United States uyo wakaŵa pa udindo kukumana na mulongozgi wa North Korea, Kim Jong Un, ndipo ŵakakumana katatu pakati pa Juni 2018 na Juni 2019.[232] Kweni kudumbiskana pa denuclearization ya North Korea kukamara mu Okutobala 2019 kwambura kufika pa phangano lililose.[233][234] Trump wakakanizgikaso ivyo wakayowoyanga na ŵalaraŵalara ŵa visola vya boma,[235] ndipo Khoti Likuru Chomene likakana kupulika mulandu uwo ukakhumbanga kuti usinthe ivyo vikafuma mu visola mu vyaru vinayi ivyo Biden wakathereska.[236] Kanandi waka Trump wakapenja wovwiri wakuti wasinthe ivyo vikafuma mu visola, wakakanizga na kukakamizga yekha ŵalaraŵalara ŵa Republican ŵa mu malo na ŵa maboma,[237] ŵimiliri ŵa malango ŵa Republican,[238] Dipatimenti ya Malango,[239] na Muteŵeti wa Pulezidenti Pence,[240] wakuŵachiska kuti ŵachite vinthu nga nkhusintha ma elector ŵa pulezidenti,[238] panji kuti ŵalaraŵalara ŵa Georgia "ŵasangepo" mavoti na kupharazga ivyo "vaweleraso kuŵerengeka".[237] Trump wakaluta yayi ku Kunjizgika mu udindo kwa Biden pa Janyuwale 20.[241]
Kuukira kwa pa Janyuwale 6
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Pa Janyuwale 6, 2021, apo Congress yikakhazikiskanga ivyo vikafuma mu visola vya pulezidenti, Trump wakachita msonkhano uwo wakachemerezgamo kuti ivyo vikafuma mu visola visinthike ndipo wakachiska ŵalondezgi ŵake kuti "ŵarwe mwankhongono" na "kuwezgerapo charu chithu" mwa kwenda ku Capitol.[242] Pamanyuma pake ŵalondezgi ŵake ŵakawungana mu mzinda ndipo ŵakanjira mu nyumba ya Capitol, ŵakaparanya ndondomeko ya kukhozgera ivyo vikafuma mu visola ndipo ŵakachitiska kuti ŵanthu ŵa mu Congress ŵafumiskike.[243] Ŵapolisi ŵakujumpha 140 ŵakapwetekeka, ndipo ŵanthu ŵankhondi ŵakafwa pa nyengo ya kuukira panji pamanyuma pake.[244][245] Chinthu ichi chalongosoreka kuti chikaŵa kujipoka boma uko Trump wakayezga kuchita.[246][247][248] Pamanyuma pake Congress yikawunganaso ndipo yikakhozgera kuthereska kwa Biden m'maora ghakwambilira gha Janyuwale 7.[249]
Pakati pa maulamuliro gha upulezidenti (2021–2025)
[lemba | kulemba source]Wakati wafumanga mu White House, Trump wakamba kukhala ku Mar-a-Lago, ndipo wakakhazikiska ofesi kula nga umo vikulongosorekera mu Former Presidents Act.[250] Ivyo wakalutilira kuyowoya mwautesi vya chisola cha 2020 icho wakati chikabika vikamanyikwanga chomene na awo ŵakamususkanga kuti "utesi ukuru", nangauli mu Meyi 2021, iyo na ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakamulondezganga ŵakamba kugwiliskira ntchito mazgu agha pakuyowoya vya chisola chenechicho.[251][252] Chipani cha Republican chikagwiliskira ntchito ivyo wakayowoyanga mwautesi vya chisola kuti chilongosore chifukwa cha kwambiska malango ghaphya ghakukanizga kuvota kuti chiŵawovwire.[253][254][255] Wakalutilira kukakamizga ŵimiliri ŵa maboma gha vigaŵa kuti ŵasinthe ivyo vikafuma mu chisola.[256] Kupambana na ŵapulezidenti ŵanyake ŵakale, Trump wakalutilira kulamulira chipani chake; mbiri iyo yikalembeka mu The New York Times mu 2022 yikamulongosora nga ni mulongozgi mukuru wa chipani wa mazuŵa ghasono.[257] Wakalutilira kusanga ndalama za ndondomeko zake, ndipo wakasanga nkhokwe ya ndalama iyo yikaŵa yakuluska kaŵiri ya Chipani cha Republican, kweniso wakasanganga phindu kufuma ku vyakusonkhezgera ndalama ivyo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa Republican ŵakachitiranga ku Mar-a-Lago. Chigaŵa chikuru cha ntchito yake chikaŵa pa kulongozga chipani na kuŵika ŵanthu ŵakugomezgeka kwa iyo mu maudindo ghakuzirwa.[257] Mu visola vya pakati pa nyengo ya 2022, Trump wakazomerezga ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 200 kuti ŵapikisane pa maudindo ghakupambanapambana.[258] Mu Febuluwale 2022, kampani yake ya Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG) yikambiska pulatifomu ya pa intaneti yakovwira Trump yakuchemeka Truth Social.[259] Mu Malichi 2024, TMTG yikazgoka kampani ya pa msika wa masheya.[260]
Nkhani za malango
[lemba | kulemba source]Mu 2019, mulembi wa nkhani E. Jean Carroll wakamupa mulandu Trump kuti wakamuchitira chiheni cha kugonana mu m'ma 1990, ndipo wakamuphalira mulandu wa kumunangira zina chifukwa cha kukana kwake.[261] Carroll wakamuphaliraso mulandu mu 2022 pa mulandu wa battery kweniso kunangira zina.[262] Khoti likamusanga kuti wali na mulandu wa kuchitira munthu nkhaza za kugonana na kunangira zina, ndipo likamulamura kulipira ndalama zakukwana $5 miliyoni pa mulandu umoza[263] na $83.3 miliyoni pa unyake.[264] Makhoti ghapachanya gha apilu ghakakhozga vyeruzgo vyose na ndalama izi mu Disembala 2024 na Seputembala 2025, mwakulondezgana.[265][264] Khoti Likuru la United States likakana pempho la Trump la kupempha apilu pa mulandu wakwamba.[266]
Mu 2022, boma la New York likamuphalira mulandu wa boma Trump, likamupa mulandu wakuti wakasazgiranga mtengo wa Trump Organization kuti wasange chandulo kwa ŵakukongozga ndalama na mabanki.[267][268] Khoti likamusanga kuti wali na mulandu ndipo likamulamura kulipira pafupifupi $355 miliyoni kweniso chiwongoladzanja.[268] Mu Ogasiti 2025, khoti la apilu likakhozga kuti wali na mulandu na chilango chinyake chambura ndalama, kweni likafumyapo chilango cha ndalama chifukwa chikawonekanga kuti ntchakujumphizga.[269]
Chifukwa cha ivyo Trump wakachita pakukhumba kusintha ivyo vikafuma mu chisola cha 2020 na kutorana kwake chigaŵa pa kuwukira kwa Januwale 6, mu Disembala 2022 komiti yapadera ya Nyumba ya Wimiliri ya United States pa kuwukira uku yikapempha kuti wapike milandu ya uheni yakusazgapo kunanga ntchito ya ndondomeko ya boma, kukhuŵilizga panji kovwira kuwukira boma, kweniso kupangana kuchitira chinyengo United States.[270] Mu Ogasiti 2023, gulu la ŵeruzgi ŵa ku Fulton County, Georgia likamupa milandu 13, kusazgapo racketeering, chifukwa cha kuyezgayezga kwake kunanga ivyo vikafuma mu chisola cha 2020 mu boma ili.[271][272] Mulandu uwu ukafumiskika mu Novembala 2025 pamanyuma pakuti mulembi muphya wa milandu wakakana kulutilira nawo.[273]
Pakati pa maulamuliro gha pulezidenti (2021–2025)
[lemba | kulemba source]Wakati wafumanga mu White House, Trump wakamba kukhala ku Mar-a-Lago, ndipo wakakhazikiska ofesi kwenekura nga umo vikuperekekera na Dango la Ŵapulezidenti Ŵakale.[274] Ivyo wakalutilira kuyowoya mwautesi pa visola vya pulezidenti vya 2020 ivyo wakati vikabiwa vikachemekanga kanandi kuti "utesi ukuru" na awo ŵakamususkanga, nangauli mu Meyi 2021, iyo na ŵanandi mwa ŵalondezgi ŵake ŵakamba kugwiliskira ntchito zina ili pakung'anamura chisola cheneko.[275][252] Chipani cha Republican chikagwiliskira ntchito mazgu ghake ghautesi pa chisola kuti chilongosore kuŵikapo mphaka ziphya pa kuvota kuti viŵawovwire.[276][277][278] Wakalutilira kukakamizga ŵimiliri ŵa maboma kuti ŵawuske vyakufuma mu chisola.[279] Kupambana na ŵapulezidenti ŵakale ŵanyake, Trump wakalutilira kulamulira chipani chake; mbiri iyo yikafuma mu The New York Times mu 2022 yikamulongosora nga ni mulongozgi mukuru wa chipani wa mazuŵa ghano.[257] Wakalutilira kuwunganya ndalama, wakawunganya nkhokwe yikuru ya ndalama iyo yikaŵa yakuluska kaŵiri iyo ya Chipani cha Republican, ndipo wakasangaso phindu kufuma ku mawunganiro gha ndalama agho ŵanandi awo ŵakakhumbanga maudindo mwa Republican ŵakachitiranga ku Mar-a-Lago. Ghanandi mwa ntchito zake ghakaŵa pa ulongozgi wa chipani na kuŵika ŵanthu ŵakugomezgeka kwa iyo mu maudindo ghakuzirwa.[257] Mu visola vya pakati pa nyengo vya 2022, Trump wakapeleka chovwiri ku ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 200 awo ŵakakhumbanga maudindo ghakupambanapambana.[280] Mu Febuluwale 2022, kampani yake ya Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG) yikamba malo ghakusangwaniska gha pa intaneti ghakucemeka Truth Social.[281] Mu Malichi 2024, TMTG yikazgoka kampani ya pa msika wa masheya.[282]
Nkhani za malango
[lemba | kulemba source]Mu 2019, mulembi wa nkhani E. Jean Carroll wakamupa mulandu Trump kuti wakamuchita chinyamusi mu m'ma 1990 ndipo wakamusumba chifukwa cha kumunangira zina pamanyuma pakuti wakakana ivyo wakamupa mulandu.[283] Carroll wakamusumba so mu 2022 chifukwa cha kukhuŵazga munthu kweniso kumunangira zina.[284] Khoti likamusanga kuti wali na mulandu wa kuchita nkhaza za kugonana na kumunangira zina, ndipo likamulangura kulipira ndalama zakukwana $5 miliyoni pa mulandu umoza[285] na $83.3 miliyoni pa unyake.[264] Makhoti gha apilo gha boma ghakakhozga vyeruzgo vyose na ndalama izo mu Disembala 2024 na Seputembala 2025, mwakulondezgana.[286][264] Khoti Likuru la United States likakana apilo la Trump pa mulandu wakwamba.[287]
Mu 2022, boma la New York likamusumba pa mulandu wa boma Trump, likamupa mulandu wakuti wakakwezga mwakuteska mtengo wa Trump Organization kuti wasange chandulo kwa ŵakubwerekeska ndalama na mabanki.[288][268] Khoti likamusanga kuti wali na mulandu ndipo likamulangura kulipira pafupifupi $355 miliyoni pamoza na chiwongoladzanja.[268] Mu Ogasiti 2025, khoti la apilo likakhozga mulandu wake na vilango vinyake vyambura ndalama, kweni likafumiskapo chilango cha ndalama chifukwa chikawoneka kuti chikaŵa chikuru chomene.[289]
Chifukwa cha kuyezgayezga kwa Trump kuwuska vyakufuma mu visola vya 2020 na umo wakachitikirapo pa kuwukira kwa January 6, mu Disembala 2022 komiti ya Nyumba ya Ŵimiliri ya United States pa kuwukira kwa January 6 yikapempha kuti wapikike milandu ya kunanga ntchito ya boma, kukhozga panji kovwira kuwukira boma, na kupangana kuti wabere United States.[290] Mu Ogasiti 2023, jury likuru ku Fulton County, Georgia likamupa milandu 13, kusazgapo racketeering, chifukwa cha kuyezgayezga kwake kunanga visola vya 2020 mu boma ili.[291][292] Mulandu uwu ukalekeka mu Novembala 2025 pamanyuma pakuti mupharazgi muphya wa boma wakakana kulondezga milandu iyi.[293] Mazgu ghake, agho ghakachemanga ŵalwani ŵake ŵandale kuti "murwani", viyuni vyakofya, kweniso ŵafasisti, ghakalongosoreka na ŵanyake ŵakulemba mbiri na ŵasambiri kuti ghakaŵa gha ulamuliro wa nkhongono, gha ufasisti,[294] ndipo ghakaŵa ghakupambana na chilichose icho munthu wakupenja udindo wa ndale wali kuyowoyapo kale mu mbiri ya United States.[295][296][297] Nkhawa pa vya msinkhu na umoyo wa Trump nazo zikawonekanga pa nyengo ya kampeni, apo ŵadokotala ŵanandi ŵakalongora kuti wakaŵa kwamba kuyowoya mwambura kulongosoka makora, kuyowoya kupatuka pa nkhani, na kuleka kujikora pa nkharo.[298]
Trump wakayowoya mazgu ghakuti "chisola chakunangiska" na "kunjilirapo pa chisola" nyengo zzinandi kweniso mwaluŵiro mu kampeni ya 2024 kuluska umo wakachitira mu makampeni gha 2016 na 2020.[299][300] Pa Julayi 13, 2024, Trump wakapwetekeka pa khutu na chipolopolo pa kuyezga kumukoma pa ungano wa kampeni ku Butler Township, Pennsylvania.[301][302][303] Mazuŵa ghaŵiri ghakati ghajumphapo, 2024 Republican National Convention yikamusankha kuŵa wakwimira chipani pa chisola cha pulezidenti.[304] Mu Seputembala, wakasangikaso pa kuyezga kunyake kumukoma ku Florida, kweni wakapwetekeka yayi.[305] Trump wakathereska chisola mu Novembala 2024 na mavoti 312 gha Electoral College kuluska 226 gha vice president uyo wakaŵapo, Kamala Harris.[306] Wakasangaso mavoti ghanandi gha ŵanthu wose na 49.8% apo Harris wakasanga 48.3%.[307] Kuthereska kwake mu 2024 kukachitika chomene chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mitengo pakati pa 2021 na 2023.[308][309] Mabungwe ghanandi gha nkhani ghakalongosora kuti kuweleraso kwake pa udindo uwu kukaŵa kwakuziziswa chomene.[310][311]
Pulezidenti wa chiŵiri (2025–sono)
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Trump wakamba nyengo yake yachiŵiri pa kuŵikika kwake pa udindo pa Janyuwale 20, 2025.[312] Wakazgoka pulezidenti muchekuru chomene uyo wali kunjira pa udindo,[313] pulezidenti wakwamba kusangika na mulandu wa felony, kweniso munthu wachiŵiri kuteŵetera nyengo ziŵiri zakupatukana nga ni pulezidenti.[314]
Trump wakasora ŵanandi awo ŵakalemba Project 2025 kuti ŵaŵe mu boma lake lachiŵiri;[315] pamanyuma pa chaka chakwamba cha nyengo yake yachiŵiri, pafupifupi hafu ya ndondomeko za pulojekiti iyi zikagwiriskirika ntchito.[316][317] Pakulongosora mphindano zake na mazaza gha makhoti, The New York Times yikati kuyezga kwake kusazgirako nkhongono za pulezidenti ni chimanyikwiro chikuru cha nyengo yake yachiŵiri.[318] Nyengo yachiŵiri ya Trump yikaŵa na kupharazga ndondomeko zakupambanapambana, kuchedweskeka, kweniso kusintha ivyo vikachitika, ndipo vikapangiska kuti lizgu lakuti "TACO" liyambe kugwiriskirika ntchito pakulongosora umo wakachitiranga.[319][320]
Ivyo wakachita pakwamba
[lemba | kulemba source]Pambere pajumphapo mwezi umoza kufika pa mazuŵa 100 gha nyengo yachiŵiri ya Trump, wakaŵa kuti wasaina ma executive order ghanandi kuluska pulezidenti waliyose wa United States mu mazuŵa ghakwamba 100 gha ulamuliro wake.[321] Kufika pakati pa Janyuwale 2026, ma order na vyakuchita vyake vikakwimikana na milandu yakujumpha 550 mu makhoti mu charu chose. Pa milandu iyi, awo ŵakamusumanga ŵakapunda pa milandu 195, boma likapunda pa milandu 109, milandu 16 yikaŵa na vyeruzgo vyakupambana, milandu 228 yikaŵa yindamalizgike, ndipo milandu 25 yikajalika.[322] Ŵeruzgi awo ŵakasankhika na ma Republican na ma Democrat wose ŵakasanga kuti ndondomeko zinandi za boma la Trump zikaŵa na ubudi wa malango gha Dango Likuru na malango ghanyake gha boma.[323]
Pamanyuma pakuti watondeka pa milandu yinandi ya makhoti, Trump wakasazgirako kususka kwake vyeruzgi ndipo wakachema kuti ŵeruzgi ŵa boma awo ŵakeruzga vyakususkana nayo ŵafumiskike pa maudindo ghawo mwa impeachment.[324] Kufika pakati pa Julayi 2025, kuwunika kwa Washington Post kukasanganga kuti wakakananga kupulikira ŵeruzgi na makhoti pa pafupifupi chigaŵa chimoza pa vitatu vya milandu yose iyo yikamukhwaskanga, ivyo ŵakumanya vya malango ŵakavichema kuti ni vyambura kuchitikapo kale pa boma lililose la pulezidenti.[325]
Boma lake likati lili na wanangwa wa mu Dango Likuru wakuleka kulondezga malango gha boma pakulongosora vinyake ivyo likachitanga, nga nkhuleka kulondezga dango la boma lakukanizga TikTok, apo ŵakumanya vya malango ŵakati ichi chikung'anamura kuti likujipa "nkhongono ya mu Dango Likuru yakupa wanangwa makampani panji ŵanthu kuchita vinthu vyambura kuzomerezgeka na dango kwambura kulangika".[326][327][328]
Nyengo yachiŵiri ya ulamuliro wa Trump yikulongosoreka kuti yikaŵa na vigeŵenga vichoko vyakuvikilira ku kususkana kwa vyakukhwaskana na vinthu vya munthu yekha kuluska nyengo yake yakwamba,[329][330] kuswa miyambo ya nkharo yiwemi iyo yikakhala kwa vyaka vinandi,[331] ndipo yikapangiska ŵanthu ŵanandi kufipa mtima na katangale.[332][333] Wakalutilira kuŵa na kampani ya pa msika wa masheya ya Trump Media & Technology Group, ndipo wakayisazgirapo ntchito za ndalama.[334] Wakapenja mapangano ghaphya gha malo gha nyumba mu vyaru vinyake agho ghakakhwaskanga mabungwe agho ghakaŵa pamoza na maboma, ndipo wakaŵaso na mapangano ghanandi gha branding na licensing gha kuguliska vinthu vya mtundu wa Trump.[329] Wakasanganga ndalama kufuma ku vyakuchitika pa mahotelo ghake na pa malo ghake ghakuseŵerako gofu, ndipo wakaŵika yayi usambazi wake mu blind trust, nga umo mapulezidenti ŵanyake ŵakachitiranga.[335] Wakachita malonda gha masheya ghanandi chomene mu makampani agho ghakaŵa na malonda ghanandi na boma la federal, ghakukwana mazana ghanandi gha mamiliyoni gha madola mu malonda ghakujumpha masauzandi.[336]
Trump wakambiska, wakalimbikiska, ndipo wakapindulanga yekha na ma token ghaŵiri gha cryptocurrency ("meme coin"), $Trump na $Melania.[337][338] Wakapindulaso na kampani ya cryptocurrency ya mbumba yake ya World Liberty Financial, iyo yikasazga pamoza bizinesi ya munthu yekha na ndondomeko za boma mu nthowa yambura kuchitikapo kale.[339] Kufika mu Juni 2026, kuwunika kwa Reuters kukati Trump na mbumba yake ŵakasanga ndalama zakukwana US$2.3 biliyoni kufuma ku mabizinesi ghawo gha crypto, apo ŵakuguliska ŵanyake ŵakataya ndalama zakuyana waka na izi.[340]
Sayansi
[lemba | kulemba source]Trump wakalekeska na kulekeska ndalama za boma (federal grants) ndipo wakachepeska chomene ndalama zakovwira kafukufuku wa sayansi,[341] ndipo ŵeruzgi na Government Accountability Office ŵakasanga kuti vinyake mwa ivyo wakachita vikaŵa vyakususka dango ndiposo vyakususka Dango Likuru la United States.[342][343] Trump pamoza na ndondomeko ya boma lake ya Make America Healthy Again ŵakakhozga maghanoghano ghakususkana na sayansi (anti-science) kweniso kampeni zakususka katemera (anti-vaccine activism), ivyo vikapangiska kuti matenda nga whooping cough na measles ghaleke kuchepa ndipo ghambe kusazgikaso.[344][345]
Vinthu vya vyakofya vya charu/ndondomeko ya umoyo
[lemba | kulemba source]Trump wakagwiliskiranga ntchito kulengeza vyakofya vya charu (national emergencies) kuti walongore chifukwa cha kuchitira vinthu vinandi ndiposo kujumpha kuzomerezgeka na Congress panji kuwunikika na mabungwe ghakulaŵilira malango.[346] Mwachiyelezgero, wakalengeza kuti mu charu mukaŵa suzgo la vyamphamvu (national energy emergency), ivyo vikazomerezga kulekeska malango ghakovwira kusungilira chilengiwa, kulekelera malango ghakukhwaskana na kukumba mafuta gha fossil fuel, kweniso kuchepeska mapulojekiti gha magesi ghakufuma ku vyakuthupi vyakuweleraso (renewable energy).[347][348] Mu ulamuliro wake wakwamba, Trump wakafumiska United States mu Paris Agreement pa nkhani ya kusintha kwa nyengo. Joe Biden wakaweleramo mu phangano ili mu 2021, kweni Trump wakalifumiskaso charu ichi mu ulamuliro wake wachiŵiri.[349]
Vinthu vya mu chikaya
[lemba | kulemba source]Trump wakatimbanga masuzgo gha mu chikaya pa ndondomeko za diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) na maghanoghano gha wokeness.[350] Pakuyaniska kusazgapo ŵanthu ŵamitundu yakupambanapambana na kuleka kumanya ntchito,[350] wakawuskapo ndondomeko za boma la federal zakukhozga kusazgapo ŵanthu ŵamitundu yakupambanapambana.[351][352] Wakawopsyezgaso mabungwe gha chikhalidwe chifukwa cha nkhani za DEI,[353] kweniso mayunivesite 60 pa nkhani yakuti ghakalephera kulimbana na kususka Ŵayuda (antisemitism),[354] ndipo wakachichizga makampani gha maloya kuti ghazomerezgane na ndondomeko zake za ndale.[355]
Wakakanizga ŵanthu ŵa transgender kunjira mu ŵasilikari kwizira mu malango gha pulezidenti na vinthu vinyake;[356] wakachepeska panji kulekeska ndalama zakovwira munkhwala wakovwira kusintha thupi mwakukolerana na jenda (gender-affirming healthcare); wakasuska inclusive language;[357] wakakanizga vinthu vya kafukufuku na masambiro;[358] wakasuzga masukulu, mayunivesite na mabungwe gha chikhalidwe agho boma lake likati ghakukhozga icho likachemanga kuti "gender ideology";[359] wakakanizga ŵaseŵera ŵa transgender kuchita maseŵero, ndipo wakalangura kuti mapasipoti gha United States ghasonyezgenge kugonana uko munthu wakababikira, m'malo mwa jenda ilo wakujimanyiska nalo.[360]
One Big Beautiful Bill Act
[lemba | kulemba source]Mu Julayi 2025, Trump wakasaina dango la One Big Beautiful Bill Act kuti liŵe dango la boma. Dango ili likapangiska kuti kuchepeskeka kwa misonkho uko kukapelekeka mwanyengo yichoko waka mu Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ya 2017 kuŵe kwamuyirayira, ndipo likasazgirapo vinyake vyakuchepeskera misonkho vyakukwana pafupifupi madola thiriliyoni 4.5, ivyo vikawovwira chomene ŵanthu ŵakusanga ndalama zinandi, apo ŵanthu ŵakusanga ndalama zichoko ŵakaghanaghanikanga kuti ŵataye madola 1,600 pa chaka. Dango ili likasazgirako ndalama za kuvikilira charu, kufumiska ŵanthu mu charu (deportations), kuzenga mpanda wa mphaka, kweniso ndondomeko ya Trump ya Golden Dome yakuvikilira charu ku ma missile. Likafumiskapo ndalama zakuwelera misonkho (tax credits) pa magesi ghakufuma ku mphepo na dazi kweniso kwa ŵanthu awo ŵakugura magalimoto gha magetsi. Dango ili likachepeskaso ndalama za Medicaid na SNAP, ndipo likasazgirapo mphango zinyake zakuti munthu waŵe wakwenelera kupokera wovwiri, kweniso malipiro gha madola 35 pa mauteŵeti ghanyake gha Medicaid. Kuchepeska ndalama na mphango ziphya izi vikeneranga kwamba kugwira ntchito pamanyuma pa visola vya charu chose vya 2026. Congressional Budget Office yikaghanaghana kuti dango ili lisazgirenge ngongoli ya boma na madola thiriliyoni 3.4 kufika mu 2034, ŵanthu mamiliyoni 11.8 ŵataye wovwiri wa Medicaid, ndipo ŵanthu mamiliyoni 3 ŵalekenge kupokera wovwiri wa SNAP.[361][362]
Kusamukira mu charu (2025–sono)
[lemba | kulemba source]Mu mazuŵa ghakwambilira gha ulamuliro wake, Trump wakalangura ŵantchito ŵa Border Patrol kuti ŵafumiskenge mwaluŵiro ŵanthu awo ŵakanjiranga mu charu mwambura kuzomerezgeka kwizira pa mphaka, ndipo wakaleka kugwiliskira ntchito pulogiramu ya CBP One iyo yikagwiliskirikanga ntchito pakunozga nyengo yakujumphira pa mphaka. Trump wakawelereskaso ndondomeko ya Remain in Mexico, wakachema magulu gha ŵanthu ŵakuchita malonda gha munkhwala wakuzweteska bongo kuti ni magulu gha uchigeŵenga (terrorist groups), ndipo wakalangura kuti ntchito yakuzenga mpanda wa pa mphaka yiyambeso.[363][364] Wakafumiskaso udindo wa parole wa ŵanthu awo ŵakanjira mu United States kwizira mu CBP One, ndipo wakamalizga humanitarian parole ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Cuba, Haiti na Nicaragua.[364] Mu Malichi 2025, wakagwiliskira ntchito Alien Enemies Act ya 1798 kuti wafumiske ŵanthu ŵakusama mu charu kwambura kuŵeruzgika, kuti ŵakakakike ku Terrorism Confinement Center ku El Salvador.[365] Trump wakasuzga ŵanthu ŵakachitanga kampeni, ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu charu mwakuzomerezgeka, ŵalendo kweniso ŵasambiri awo ŵakaŵa na visa ndipo ŵakasuskanga ndondomeko zake panji ŵakakhozganga nkhani ya Palestine.[366] Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa ku America nawo ŵakakakika na kufumiskika mu charu.[367] Kampeni yake yakufumiska ŵanthu mu charu mwankhongono yikapangiska viwoneskero vikuru mu charu chose kweniso nkhondo pakati pa ŵanthu ŵakusama mu charu, ŵawoneskeri na ŵalara ŵa boma. Vinthu ivi vikakura chomene pamanyuma pakuti ŵalara ŵa boma ŵakakoma ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵa ku America mu Operation Metro Surge mu Janyuwale 2026.[368][369]
Ndondomeko za vyaru vinyake (2025–sono)
[lemba | kulemba source]Ndondomeko za vyaru vinyake za Trump mu ulamuliro wake wachiŵiri zikulongosoreka kuti zikaŵa zakukhumba kusazgirako malo gha United States (expansionism) kweniso za ufumu wa America (imperialism).[370][371] Boma lake likatemwa kugwiliskira ntchito nkhongono za nkhondo (hard power) kuti lifiske ndondomeko yake ya America First,[372] ndipo likaparanya panji kuleka kovwira mabungwe gha mu charu na gha pa charu chose agho ghakakhumbanga kukhozga soft power ya America.[373][374] Ubwezi wa Trump na vyaru ivyo vikukolerana na United States ukaŵa wakwendera pa ivyo wangasanga, ndipo nyengo zinyake wakalongoranga kuleka kupwerera panji uchinkho kwa ŵabwezi ŵa America, apo wakapenjanga ubwezi uwemi na vyaru vinyake ivyo vikawonekanga nga mbalwani ŵa United States.[375]
Mu Febuluwale 2025, Trump pamoza na Vice President Vance ŵakasuska chomene pulezidenti wa Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy pa ungano uwo ukawoneskeka pa TV ndipo ukaŵa wakukangana chomene. Mabungwe gha nkhani ghakati uwu ukaŵa ukali wakwamba kuwonekera pakweru pakati pa pulezidenti wa United States na mutu wa boma la charu chinyake.[376][377]
Ndondomeko za chuma za Trump zikulongosoreka kuti zikaŵa za kukhozga katundu wa mu charu (protectionism), ndipo wakakhazikiska misonkho ya katundu (tariffs) ku vyaru vinandi, kusazgapo China, Canada na Mexico, awo mbabwezi ŵakuru ŵa malonda ŵa United States.[378] Wakambiska nkhondo ya malonda pa charu chose, ndipo wakakhazikiska misonkho ya katundu yakukwera chomene kuluska iyo yikawonekanga kufuma pa nyengo ya Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act ya 1930, apo Great Depression yikambanga.[379][380] Mu Febuluwale 2026, Khoti Likuru la United States likadumura kuti misonkho iyo wakakhazikiska pasi pa International Emergency Economic Powers Act yikaŵa yakususkana na dango.[381] Trump kanandi wakawopsyezganga panji kukhazikiska misonkho ku vyaru ivyo vikaŵa pa mapangano na United States chifukwa chakuti vikasuskanga vilato vyake vya ndale.[382][383]
Ku Latin America, Trump wakachita nkhondo zakususkika na malango gha pa charu chose pa maboti agho wakatenge ghakaŵa gha ŵakwendeska munkhwala wakuzweteska bongo mu nyanja za pa charu chose,[384] ndipo wakalanguraso kuti ŵasilikali ŵanandi ŵatumike mu chigaŵa cha Caribbean.[385] Mu Novembala 2025, Trump wakagowokera pulezidenti wakale wa Honduras Juan Orlando Hernández, uyo wakatumizgika ku United States mu 2022 ndipo wakakeruzgika vyaka 45 chifukwa cha munkhwala wakuzweteska bongo. Mu Janyuwale 2026, ŵasilikari ŵa United States ŵakakora pulezidenti wa Venezuela Nicolás Maduro mu nkhondo ya ŵasilikari mu Venezuela na kumutolera ku New York uko wakasuskika na mulandu wa munkhwala wakuzweteska bongo.[386]
Mu 2025, Trump wakawopsyezga kutora Greenland, kusazgapo kugwiliskira ntchito ŵasilikari panji kukhazikiska misonkho ku vyaru vya ku Europe. Mu Janyuwale 2026, wakawoneka nga waleka mawopsyezgo agha ghaŵiri, wakati wafiska "ndondomeko yakwamba ya phangano la munthazi" na NATO.[387]
Nkhondo za ku Middle East
[lemba | kulemba source]Trump wakalutilira kukhozga Israel ndipo wakalutiliraso kovwira Israel pa nkhondo ya ku Gaza."Trump wants Jordan and Egypt to accept more Palestinian refugees and floats plan to 'clean out' Gaza". AP News. Janyuwale 26, 2025. Retrieved Disembala 26, 2025. Kwambira Malichi mpaka Meyi 2025, Trump wakalongozga nkhondo yikuru ya ndege za nkhondo kulimbana na malo gha ŵaHouthi mu Yemen, iyo yikaŵa ntchito yake yakwamba yikuru ya nkhondo ku Middle East mu nyengo yake yachiŵiri ya ulamuliro.Schmitt, Eric; Wong, Edward; Ismay, John (Epulelo 4, 2025). "U.S. Strikes in Yemen Burning Through Munitions With Limited Success". The New York Times. Retrieved Malichi 22, 2026. Mu Juni 2025, Trump wakakolerana na Israel pa Nkhondo ya Mazuŵa 12 na Iran, ndipo wakalangura kuti ndege za nkhondo za United States zibombe malo gha nyukiliya gha Iran.Magid, Jacob (Juni 22, 2025). "US bombs Fordo, 2 other nuclear facilities, joining Israel's war in Iran". The Times of Israel. Retrieved Juni 22, 2025. Ndondomeko yake ya mtende ku Gaza pakati pa Israel na Hamas yikasainika mu Okutobala 2025, ndipo yikapangiska kukhazikiskika kwa Board of Peace.Lubell, Maayan; Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (Okutobala 9, 2025). "Gazans trek to ruined homes as Israeli forces pull back under ceasefire". Reuters. Retrieved Okutobala 9, 2025. Mu Febuluwale 2026, Trump wakazomerezga kuti ndege za nkhondo za United States na Israel zichite pamoza nkhondo yakuwukira Iran, ivyo vikayambiska Nkhondo ya Iran ya 2026 ndipo vikapangiska kukomeka kwa mulongozgi mukuru wa Iran Ali Khamenei.Sanger, David E. (Febuluwale 28, 2026). "For Trump, the Iran Attack Is the Ultimate War of Choice". The New York Times. Retrieved Febuluwale 28, 2026.Holm, Phil; Jarrett, Will; Vineys, Kevin (Malichi 3, 2026). "The US-Israeli war with Iran in maps, graphics and images". AP News. Retrieved Malichi 4, 2026. Mu nyengo ya nkhondo iyi, Trump na boma lake ŵakapereka mafumbo ghakupambanapambana kweniso ghambura kukolerana pa chifukwa icho ŵakayambira nkhondo iyi.Sarovic, Alexander (Malichi 11, 2026). "(S+) Trump und Iran: Präsident siegessicher, Kriegsziel unbekannt" [(S+) Trump and Iran: President confident of victory, war aim unknown]. Der Spiegel (in German). Pa Epulero 8, 2026, ŵakazomerezgana kulekeska nkhondo kwa nyengo yichoko waka. Ndipouli, Strait of Hormuz yikalutilira kujalika, ndipo magulu ghose ghaŵiri ghakalutilira kuwukirananga nyengo na nyengo apo kudumbiskana kwakupambanapambana kukatondeka kufiska phangano la mtende.Faguy, Ana (Meyi 31, 2026). "Trump seeking edits to US-Iran deal, US media report". BBC News. Retrieved Juni 1, 2026.Aikman, Ian (Meyi 26, 2026). "Iran condemns US strikes as 'gross violation' of ceasefire". BBC News. Retrieved Juni 1, 2026.
Mazgu, nkharo na umo wakachitiranga ndale
[lemba | kulemba source]Kwambira apo wakambanga kukhozga birther maungano gha maghanoghano ghambura ukaboni mu vyaka vya m'ma 2010, Trump wakawovwira kuti maghanoghano na mabungwe gha kuumaliro kwa woko lamanja agho ghakaŵa ghambura kumanyikwa ghambeso kumanyikwa chomene.[388] Gulu la alt-right likawungana na kukhozga kampeni yake ya visolai, chomenechomene chifukwa cha kususka chikhalidwe cha mitundu yinandi na kususka ŵanthu ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake.Weigel, David (Ogasiti 20, 2016). "'Racialists' are cheered by Trump's latest strategy". The Washington Post. Retrieved Janyuwale 9, 2026.Pearce, Matt (Sekutembala 30, 2020). "Q&A: What is President Trump's relationship with far-right and white supremacist groups?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved Janyuwale 12, 2026.Krieg, Gregory (Ogasiti 25, 2016). "Clinton is attacking the 'Alt-Right'– What is it?". CNN. Retrieved Janyuwale 9, 2026. Mu kampeni yake ya visolai ya 2016, ndale na mazgu gha Trump vikapangiska kuti paŵe gulu la ndale lakumanyikwa kuti Trumpism.O'Brien, Timothy L. (Novembala 1, 2024). "The Peculiarly American Roots of Trumpism". Bloomberg News. Retrieved Novembala 26, 2024. Gulu ili likuyaniskika na kusopa munthu yumoza.[389] Maghanoghano ghake gha ndale ghakulongosoreka kuti ngakhe populist[390][391] panji right-wing populist[392].Chotiner, Isaac (Julayi 29, 2021). "Redefining Populism". The New Yorker. Retrieved Okutobala 14, 2021. Wakakhozgaso kuti pulezidenti waŵe na mazaza ghanandi mwakuyowoya kuti unitary executive theory yikupereka mazaza agha.Savage, Charlie (Janyuwale 22, 2025). "Trump Seeks to Paralyze Independent Privacy and Civil Liberties Watchdog". The New York Times. Retrieved Janyuwale 25, 2025.Savage, Charlie (Janyuwale 22, 2025). "How Trump Is Pushing at Limits of Presidential Power in Early Orders". The New York Times. Retrieved Janyuwale 28, 2025. Vinthu vinandi ivyo Trump wakachitanga na mazgu ghake vikalongosoreka kuti vya ulamuliro wa nkhongono ndipo vikawovwira ku kuchepa kwa demokilase mu United States,[393][394][395] kweniso kukhazikiska fundo ya "ise" kulimbana na "iwo".[396] Mazgu ghake ghakulongosorekaso kuti ghakagwiliskiranga ntchito fearmongering na demagogy, ndipo vikasazgikira chomene mu kampeni yake ya visolai ya 2024.Haberman, Maggie (Sekutembala 11, 2024). "'The End of Our Country': Trump Paints Dark Picture at Debate". The New York Times. Retrieved Sekutembala 25, 2024. Wakupenja wovwiri wa Ŵakhristu ŵa Evangelical na ŵakukhozga Chikhristu nga ni maziko gha charu,[397]"Jesus is their savior, Trump is their candidate. Ex-president's backers say he shares faith, values". AP News. Meyi 18, 2024. Retrieved Janyuwale 9, 2026. ndipo kanandi wakachemanga ŵalwani ŵake ŵandale kuti "ŵaheni".Baker, Peter (Julayi 16, 2025). "For Trump, Domestic Adversaries Are Not Just Wrong, They Are 'Evil'". The New York Times. Retrieved Janyuwale 9, 2026.
Mitundu na jenda
[lemba | kulemba source]Mazgu ghanandi na ivyo Trump wachita vikulongosoreka na ŵanthu ŵanandi kuti vikaŵa vya kusankhana mitundu (racist).[398] Kafukufuku na mafumbo ghanandi vikulongora kuti maghanoghano gha kusankhana mitundu ndigho ghakawovwira chomene kuti Trump waŵe wakutchuka pa ndale, ndipo ghakaŵa ghankhongono kuluska nkhani za chuma pakulongosora chifukwa icho ŵanthu ŵakamuvotera.[399] Kanandi Trump wakuyowoya mazgu ghakuyuyura ŵanthu ŵa mitundu, visopa na mafuko ghanyake,[400] ndipo ŵasambiri ŵakusanga nyengo zose kuti maghanoghano gha kusankhana mitundu na ghakususkana na Chisilamu (Islamophobia) pa ŵanthu ŵafipa, ŵakwiza kufuma ku vyaru vinyake, na Ŵasilamu, ni vimanyikwiro vyankhongono vya ŵanthu awo ŵakumovwira Trump.[401][402]
Trump wakasuskika kuti wakachitanga vya kusankhana mitundu[403] chifukwa cha kulemba malonda gha mu manyuzipepala ghakuru na kukhozga kuti ŵawukirano ŵankhondi ŵafipa na ŵa Latino ŵakaŵa na mulandu wakukolelera mwanakazi muzungu mu mulandu wa Central Park jogger case wa 1989, nangauli ŵakafwatulika ku mulandu uwo mu 2002.[404] Mazgu gha Trump pa Unite the Right rally mu 2017, apo wakasuska "kuwoneska kwa nkhaza, kutinkhana na kusankhana uku kufuma ku vigaŵa vyose" ndipo wakati pakaŵa "ŵanthu ŵawemi ku vigaŵa vyose viŵiri", ghakasuskika chifukwa ghakawoneka nga ghakuyana waka ŵakususkira white supremacist na ŵakususkana nawo.[405] Mu Janyuwale 2018, pa kudumbiskana vya malango gha ŵakwiza kufuma ku vyaru vinyake, wakuti wakachema El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras na vyaru vya ku Africa kuti ni "shithole countries",[406] ndipo mazgu agha ghakasuskika kuti ghakaŵa gha kusankhana mitundu.[407] Mu Julayi 2019, United States House of Representatives yikadumura chisankho chakususka Trump chifukwa cha mazgu agho wakayowoya pa ŵakwendeska ŵanakazi ŵanayi ŵa chipani cha Democratic awo ŵakaŵa ŵa mafuko ghachoko.[408] Kampeni yake ya 2024 yikagwiliskira ntchito chomene mazgu ghakuyuyura ŵanthu (dehumanizing language) na vikozgo vya mtundu.[409]
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Mu Juni 2020, pa nyengo ya George Floyd protests, ŵalaraŵalara ŵa boma la United States ŵakagwiliskira ntchito gasi wakukhozga maso na nthowa zinyake zakupatulira mzinda kuti ŵafumiske gulu la ŵanthu awo ŵakachitanga chiwoneskero mwamtende pa Lafayette Square, kufupi na White House.[410][411] Pamanyuma pake, Trump wakajipatura chithuzi wali wakukora Baibolo pa St. John's Episcopal Church,[410][412][413] ndipo ŵalongozgi ŵa visopa ŵakasuska umo ŵakachitira na ŵakuwoneska maghanoghano kweniso kujipatura chithuzi uko.[414]
Trump wali na mbiri ya kuyuyura ŵanakazi para wakuyowoya na ŵapharazgi panji pa malo ghakuchezgerapo gha pa intaneti.[415][416] Wakalongora mazgu ghakofya, wakasuskanga kawonekero ka ŵanakazi, ndipo wakaŵachemanga na mazina ghakunyoza.[416] Mu Okutobala 2016, vidiyo ya mu 2005 iyo yikajambulika kwambura kumanya yikafuma kuwaro umo wakajikuzgira kuti wakafyofyonanga na kukorakora ŵanakazi kwambura kuzomerezgeka, wakati, "para uli nyenyezi, ŵakukuzomerezga. Ungachita chilichose. ... Kora pa chiŵaro cha mwanakazi."[417] Iyo wakati mazgu agha ghakaŵa waka "mazgu gha mu chipinda cha kuseŵeramo".[418] Pamanyuma pa ukali ukuru wa ŵanthu, kusazgapo ŵa chipani cha Republican, Trump wakafumiska vidiyo yakuphepeska pagulu, kweniso wakawukira Hillary Clinton.[419]
Ivyo wakususkikira pa nkhaza za kugonana
[lemba | kulemba source]Kufika mu Okutobala 2024, kwamba m'ma 1970, ŵanakazi ŵakukwana 28[420] ŵamususka Trump pa milandu yakupambanapambana ya nkhaza za kugonana, kusazgapo kukoleska, kugonana na ŵana, kuwukira pa kugonana, nkhaza za thupi, kufyofyonanga na kukorakora kwambura kuzomerezgeka, kulaŵiska pasi pa masiketi gha ŵanakazi, kweniso kunjira mu vipinda umo ŵapikizgano ŵa umbeauty ŵakaŵiranga ŵali nkhule.[421]
Kukolerana na nkhaza na milandu ya chidani
[lemba | kulemba source]Trump wakumanyikwa kuti wali na ntchito yikuru pa kusazgirako nkhaza za ndyali mu United States, kwizira mu awo ŵakumovwira kweniso awo ŵakumususka.[422][423][424] Wakulongosoreka kuti wakupokelera maghanoghano gha ukali, visambizgo vya chiwembu nga ni QAnon, kweniso magulu gha militia gha ku far-right kuluska pulezidenti munyake waliyose wa mazuŵa ghano wa America.[425][426] Wawerezgapo kanandi kususka ŵakwimikana nayo pa ndyali kuti mbalwani za charu, ndipo wapempha kuti ŵajalikike panji kukomeka, ivyo vyapangiska ŵanandi kumususka kuti wakovwira kulimbikiska nkhaza.[427][428][429]
Kafukufuku wakulongora kuti kayowoyero ka Trump kakukolerana na kusazgikira kwa milandu ya chidani,[430][431] ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamba kuyowoya mwakupambanapambana maghanoghano gha kusankhana chifukwa chakuti wakazgora mazgu ghakusankhana mafuko kuŵa ghakawiro.[432] Ŵakufufuza ŵanyake nawo ŵati mazgu gha Trump agho ghakananga mbiri na kuyowoya vyautesi vya awo ŵakaŵa ŵakukomeka na gulu ilo likachita vivulupi pa Janyuwale 6, vikaŵa chiyelezgero cha stochastic terrorism.[433][434] Ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakasuzgikanga panji kususkika pa milandu ya nkhaza na milandu ya chidani ŵakayowoyanga kuti mazgu gha Trump ndigho ghakaŵachitiska kuchita nthena, panji ŵakeneranga kulangika pachoko.[435][436] Kafukufuku wa charu chose wakuchitika na ABC News mu Meyi 2020 ukasanga milandu yakukwana 54, kufuma mu Ogasiti 2015 m'paka Epulero 2020, umo zina la Trump likazunulikiranga mwachindunji pa milandu ya nkhaza panji viwopsezo vya nkhaza, chomenechomene yakuchitika na ŵanalume ŵatuŵa ndipo yikanangiranga ŵanthu ŵa mafuko ghanyake.[437] Apo Trump wakakana kususka gulu la ŵa Proud Boys pa mkangano wa kusankha pulezidenti mu 2020,[438] na kuyowoya kuti, "Proud Boys, yimani kumanyuma ndipo lindilirani", ŵanthu ŵakati mazgu agha ghakachitiska kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵanjire mu gulu ilo likamovwiranga Trump.[439] Ŵakufufuza vya kulimbana na uchigandanga ŵati umo Trump wakapangiranga ŵanthu kuti ŵawone kuwukira kwa Nyumba ya Malango pa Janyuwale 6 nga ni chinthu chambura suzgo, kweniso kugowokera ŵose awo ŵakachitako vivulupi pa Janyuwale 6, vingawovwira kulimbikiska nkhaza za ndyali munthazi.[440][441]
Mazgu ghautesi panji ghakupuluska na visambizgo vya chiwembu
[lemba | kulemba source]
Trump wakuyowoya kanandi mazgu ghambura unenesko pa kuyowoya kwake pagulu,[445][63] mwakuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵati ivi vindachitikepo kale mu ndyali za United States.[445][446][447] Mazgu ghake ghautesi na ghakupuluska ghakalembekanga na ŵakuwona unenesko wa mazgu, kusazgapo awo ŵali ku The Washington Post, awo ŵakasanga kuti wakayowoya mazgu ghautesi panji ghakupuluska 30,573 pa nyengo yake yakwamba kuŵa pulezidenti,[442] ndipo chiŵelengero ichi chikamba kusazgikira nyengo yikati yajumphapo.[448] Mazgu ghake ghautesi ghawoneka nga ntchigaŵa chakumanyikwa cha umo wakuchitira ndyali[446] ndipo ghafotokozeka kuti ni firehosing.[449]
Munthawi ya ulamuliro wake wachiŵiri, Trump wakalutilira kugwiliskira ntchito mazgu ghaboza, ghakupuluska, na ghakusazgirizga pakulongosora na kupembuzga malango ghake gha Executive Order na ndondomeko za boma.[450] Wakalutilira kuyowoya vyautesi pafupipafupi nga umo wakachitiranga kale, kweni wakaŵa na mitundu yichoko ya mautesi uku wakuwoneskera kanandi "gulu likuru" la mautesi gheneghara.[451]
Mautesi ghanyake gha Trump ghakaŵa ghambura kukhumbikwa chomene,[452][453] kweni ghanyake ghakaŵa na vyakukhwaska vikuru, nga ni kupharazga kwake kwambura ukaboni kwakuti munkhwala wa malaria ungachizga COVID-19,[454][455] ivyo vikapangiska kusoŵa kwa munkhwala uwu mu United States kweniso kugura mwaluŵiro chifukwa cha wofi mu Africa na South Asia.[456][457] Kuwukira kwake pa mavoti gha mail-in voting na nthowa zinyake za kuvotera kukachepeska kugomezga kwa ŵanthu mu unenesko wa chisankho cha pulezidenti cha United States cha 2020,[458][459] apo uthesi wake wakukhwaskana na nthenda ya COVID-19 ukachedweska ndiposo kufowofya ivyo boma la charu likachitanga pakulimbana nayo.[460][461][462] Kanandi wakupempha yayi chigowokero pa mautesi ghake.[463] M'paka mu 2018, manyuzipepala na vyakupharazga vikanyake vikakanizganga kuyowoya kuti mautesi ghake "mbutesi", nangauli wakawerezganga mazgu agho ghakaŵa ghakubozgeka pakuwonekera.[464][465][466]
Kwambira pambere wandambe ulamuliro wake wakwamba, Trump wakalimbikiska visambizgo vinandi vya chiŵembu. Mu 2011, Trump wakaŵa yumoza wa ŵanthu ŵakumanyikwa chomene pakupharazga chisambizgo cha "birther", icho chikatengeka kuti Barack Obama, pulezidenti wakwamba wa United States wakafuma ku ŵanthu ŵafipa, wakababikira yayi mu United States.[467] Wakati ndiyo wakapangiska boma kufumiska satifiketi ya kubabikira ya Obama, nangauli wakati nayo yikaŵa yautesi.[468] Mu Seputembala 2016, wakazomera pakweru kuti Obama wakababikira ku United States, kweni mwautesi wakati Hillary Clinton ndiyo wakambiska mphara izi pa nyengo ya kampeni yake ya chisankho cha pulezidenti ya 2008.[469] Kanandi Trump wakambanga kuyowoya kuti wapulika visambizgo vya chiŵembu ivi kwa munthu munyake,[470] ndipo wakalimbikiska visambizgo nga ni climate change denial, vyakuti Ukraine yikanjilirapo pa visankho vya United States, ndiposo vya vaccines and autism.[470][471][472] Pamanyuma pa chisankho cha pulezidenti cha United States cha 2020, wakalimbikiska visambizgo vya chiŵembu vyakukhwaskana na kutondeka kwake, ivyo vikachemeka kuti "boza likuru".[473][474]
Ubwezi wake na nkhani za vyakupharazga
[lemba | kulemba source]Pa nyengo ya kampeni ya chisankho cha 2016, Trump wakapokera uthenga unandi waulere mu vyakupharazga kuluska kale,Cillizza, Chris (Juni 14, 2016). "This Harvard study is a powerful indictment of the media's role in Donald Trump's rise". The Washington Post. Retrieved Okutobala 1, 2021. uwo ukawerengekanga kuti ukaŵa wakukwana madola mabiliyoni ghaŵiri.Confessore, Nicholas; Yourish, Karen (Malichi 15, 2016). "$2 Billion Worth of Free Media for Donald Trump". The New York Times. Apo wakaŵa wakuphalizga kampeni kweniso apo wakaŵa pulezidenti, kanandi wakasuska vyakupharazga kuti vikutemwera chigaŵa chinyake, ndipo wakavichemanga kuti "vyakupharazga vya nkhani zautesi" na "mulwani wa ŵanthu".Hetherington, Marc; Ladd, Jonathan M. (Meyi 1, 2020). "Destroying trust in the media, science, and government has left America vulnerable to disaster". Brookings Institution. Retrieved Okutobala 11, 2021. Mu ulamuliro wake wakwamba, boma la Trump likachepeskako misonkhano yakudumbiskana na ŵapharazgi kufuma pa pafupifupi 100 mu 2017 kufika pa yiŵiri pera mu 2019, ndipo likawuskapo zilolezgo za ŵapharazgi ŵaŵiri ŵa ku White House, ivyo vikaweleraso na makhoti.Grynbaum, Michael M. (Disembala 30, 2019). "After Another Year of Trump Attacks, 'Ominous Signs' for the American Press". The New York Times. Retrieved Okutobala 11, 2021. Kufika mu 2024, Trump wakalutilira kuyowoya kuti wakovwira kuŵika dango lakukanizga kususka boma na kumususka,Kapur, Sahil (Okutobala 13, 2024). "'Totally illegal': Trump escalates rhetoric on outlawing political dissent and criticism". NBC News. Retrieved Novembala 23, 2024. ndipo wakati ŵapharazgi ŵakwenera kusuzgika na dango usange ŵakukana kuvumbura awo ŵakuŵapa uthenga mwachisisi, kweniso kuti makampani gha vyakupharazga ghangaŵavya mazaza ghakupharazga usange ghakupharazga vinthu viheni vyakukhwaskana na iyo.Folkenflik, David (Okutobala 21, 2024). "Could Trump's threats against news outlets carry weight if he wins the presidency?". NPR News. Retrieved Novembala 23, 2024. Mu ulamuliro wake wachiŵiri, ivyo Trump wakachitira vyakupharazga vikaŵa vyambura kuchitikapo mu mbiri yasono ya United States,Spike, Justin; Riccardi, Nicholas (Sekutembala 18, 2025). "Trump's moves against the media mirror approaches by authoritarian leaders to silence dissent". AP News. Retrieved Sekutembala 18, 2025. ndipo ŵakulemba mbiri ŵakati vikayananga na ivyo ŵalongozgi ŵankhongono ŵakuchita pakukanizga ŵakususkana nawo pa ndyali ndipo vikakhwaska viheni wanangwa wa kuyowoya na wanangwa wa vyakupharazga.Abels, Grace; Sherman, Amy (Epulelo 29, 2025). "President Trump said he 'brought back free speech.' His first 100 days tell a different story". PolitiFact. Retrieved Meyi 4, 2025.Gilliand, Olivia; Dumalaon, Janelle (Epulelo 26, 2025). "Trump's attacks on media test US press freedom rules". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved Meyi 4, 2025. Kampeni yakulamulira kayowoyero yikayaniskika na cancel culture, boma lakusezga wanangwa wa kayowoyero, na McCarthyism.Riccardi, Nicholas; Konstantin, Toropin (Sekutembala 15, 2025). "Trump administration joins Republicans' campaign to police speech in reaction to Kirk's murder". AP News. Retrieved Sekutembala 15, 2025.Chidi, George (Sekutembala 16, 2025). "Progressive groups fear 'McCarthy era' attacks in wake of Charlie Kirk shooting". The Guardian. Retrieved Sekutembala 18, 2025.Yerushalmy, Jonathan (Sekutembala 18, 2025). "'Censoring you in real time': suspension of Jimmy Kimmel show sparks shock and fears for free speech". The Guardian. Retrieved Sekutembala 18, 2025. Federal Communications Commission yikamba kufufuza vyakupharazga ivyo vikapusikikanga kuti vikutemwera ŵakususkana nayo.Brodkin, Jon (Janyuwale 23, 2025). "Trump's FCC chair gets to work on punishing TV news stations accused of bias". Ars Technica. Retrieved Malichi 20, 2025. Chifukwa cha vyakofya vya Trump, ŵalongozgi ŵa vyakupharazga ŵakaphalira ŵapharazgi na ŵantchito ŵawo kuti kujikanizga ŵekha ndipo ŵachepeskeko kumususka Trump.Fischer, Sara; Wang, Christine (Meyi 27, 2025). "Journalism under pressure amid fear of retribution". Axios. Retrieved Meyi 31, 2025. Ŵanandi ŵakati Trump wakapangiska kuchepa kukuru kwa wanangwa wa vyakupharazga, kusazgapo magulu ghakovwira ŵapharazgiFerragamo, Mariel (Meyi 2, 2025). "World Press Freedom Continues Decline at a Time of Upheaval". Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved Janyuwale 15, 2026."United States". Reporters Without Borders. Retrieved Janyuwale 15, 2026."Press freedom in the US". Committee to Protect Journalists. Retrieved Janyuwale 15, 2026."Will press freedom decline further?". Media Diversity Institute. Janyuwale 6, 2026. Retrieved Janyuwale 15, 2026. kweniso mabuku gha masambiro.West, Sonja R. (2018). "Presidential Attacks on the Press". Missouri Law Review. 83: 915. Retrieved Janyuwale 16, 2026.Jones, RonNell Andersen; West, Sonja R. (2017). "The Fragility of the Free American Press". Northwestern University Law Review. 112 (3): 567. Retrieved Janyuwale 16, 2026.Kalb, Marvin (2018). Enemy of the People: Trump's War on the Press, the New McCarthyism, and the Threat to American Democracy. Brookings Institution Press. Retrieved Janyuwale 16, 2026.
Vyakupharazga vya pa Intaneti
[lemba | kulemba source]Kufuma mu 2009 mpaka apo wakakanizgikira mu Janyuwale 2021, Trump wakalemba pa Twitter mauthenga ghakujumpha 57,000.Madhani, Aamer; Colvin, Jill (Janyuwale 9, 2021). "A farewell to @realDonaldTrump, gone after 57,000 tweets". AP News. Retrieved Okutobala 10, 2021. Pamanyuma pa vyaka vinandi vya kususkika chifukwa chakuzomerezga Trump kulemba uthenga wa upusikizgi na mautesi, Twitter yikamba kuŵika vimanyikwiro vya kusimikizga unenesko pa mauthenga ghanyake gha Trump mu Meyi 2020.Dwoskin, Elizabeth (Meyi 27, 2020). "Twitter labels Trump's tweets with a fact check for the first time". The Washington Post. Retrieved Julayi 7, 2020. Wakakanizgika kugwiliskira ntchito Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, na mapulatifomu ghanyake pamanyuma pa Kuukira Nyumba ya Malango ya United States pa Janyuwale 6, 2021.Fischer, Sara; Gold, Ashley (Janyuwale 11, 2021). "All the platforms that have banned or restricted Trump so far". Axios. Retrieved Janyuwale 16, 2021.Conger, Kate; Isaac, Mike (Janyuwale 16, 2021). "Inside Twitter's Decision to Cut Off Trump". The New York Times. Retrieved Okutobala 10, 2021. Kutaya mwayi wake wa vyakupharazga vya pa Intaneti kukachepeska nkhongono yake yakukhwaska ivyo vikachitikangaTimberg, Craig (Janyuwale 14, 2021). "Twitter ban reveals that tech companies held keys to Trump's power all along". The Washington Post. Retrieved Febuluwale 17, 2021.Alba, Davey; Koeze, Ella; Silver, Jacob (Juni 7, 2021). "What Happened When Trump Was Banned on Social Media". The New York Times. Retrieved Disembala 21, 2023. ndipo kukayaniskika na kuchepa kukuru kwa uthenga wa upusikizgi pa Twitter.Dwoskin, Elizabeth; Timberg, Craig (Janyuwale 16, 2021). "Misinformation dropped dramatically the week after Twitter banned Trump and some allies". The Washington Post. Retrieved Febuluwale 17, 2021. Mu Febuluwale 2022, wakambiska pulatifomu ya vyakupharazga vya pa Intaneti ya Truth Social, uko wakakopa ŵakulondezga ŵachoko waka pakuyaniska na Twitter.Harwell, Drew; Dawsey, Josh (Novembala 7, 2022). "Trump once reconsidered sticking with Truth Social. Now he's stuck". The Washington Post. Retrieved Meyi 7, 2023. Twitter yikamuwezgerapo akaunti yake mu Novembala 2022.Mac, Ryan; Browning, Kellen (Novembala 19, 2022). "Elon Musk Reinstates Trump's Twitter Account". The New York Times. Retrieved Novembala 21, 2022.Dang, Sheila; Coster, Helen (Novembala 20, 2022). "Trump snubs Twitter after Musk announces reactivation of ex-president's account". Reuters. Retrieved Meyi 10, 2024. Kuletshelereka kwa vyaka viŵiri pa Meta Platforms kukamara mu Janyuwale 2023, ndipo wakazomerezgekaso kugwiliskira ntchito Facebook na Instagram.Bond, Shannon (Janyuwale 23, 2023). "Meta allows Donald Trump back on Facebook and Instagram". NPR News.</ref>
Kuwonelera
[lemba | kulemba source]Chithuzithuzi cha ŵanthu
[lemba | kulemba source]Mu nyengo yakwamba ya Trump, kufuma mu 2017 m'paka 2021, ŵanthu pa charu chose ŵakakhumbanga chomene yayi ulongozgi wa United States. Kuvomerezga kukakhira kufuma pafupifupi pa 22 peresenti mu kafukufuku wa Gallup[475] wa vyaru 134 kufika pa 16 peresenti mu kafukufuku wa Pew Research[476] wa vyaru 13. Mu 2017, kuwona makora ulongozgi wa United States kukakhira chomene pakati pa vyaru vyabwezi.[477] Mu United States, Trump wakasindikizgika chomene na ŵa chipani cha Republican: 88 peresenti ya ŵa Republican na 7 peresenti ya ŵa Democratic.[478] Mu kafukufuku wa Gallup wa 2021, wakaŵa pulezidenti yekha uyo wandafikepo pa 50 peresenti ya kuvomerezgeka, ndipo wakaŵaso wakwamba kuleka kusankhika kuŵa munthu wakutemweka chomene mu chaka chake chakwamba pa udindo.[479]
Masanjiro gha ŵasambizgi
[lemba | kulemba source]Pamanyuma pa nyengo yakwamba ya Trump, ŵakulemba mbiri ŵakasanja Trump kuŵa pulezidenti wa nambara yachinayi kufuma pasi mu kafukufuku wa C-SPAN wa 2021 wa ŵakulemba mbiri ya ŵapulezidenti.[480] Wakasanga mavoti ghachoko chomene mu magulu gha ulongozgi wakwenerera na luso lwa kuwusa.[481][482] Kafukufuku wa Siena College Research Institute wa 2022 ukamusanja kuŵa wachitatu kufuma pasi. Wakasangika pafupi na umaliro mu magulu ghose kupatulako mwaŵi, kukhumbisiska kutora viwopsezo, na ulongozgi wa chipani, ndipo wakamalira paumaliro mu magulu ghanandi.[483] Mu 2018 na 2024, American Political Science Association yikamusanja kuŵa pulezidenti muheni chomene.[484][485]
Umoyo wa munthu
[lemba | kulemba source]Banja
[lemba | kulemba source]
Mu 1977, Trump wakatora Ivana Zelníčková.[486] Ŵakaŵa na ŵana ŵatatu: Donald Jr. (wakababika mu 1977), Ivanka (wakababika mu 1981), na Eric (wakababika mu 1984). Ivana wakachita ntchito yikuru pakupangiska kuti manyuzipepala na mawailesi vimulembere makora Trump, ivyo vikawovwira kupanga chithuzithuzi chake kuŵa munthu mukuru wa bizinesi ya malo.[487] Ŵakapatukana mu 1990, pamanyuma pakuti wakaŵa na chibwezi na modeli kweniso mulembi wa mafilimu Marla Maples.[488] Iyo na Maples ŵakatorana mu 1993 ndipo ŵakapatukana mu 1999. Ŵali na mwana mwanakazi yumoza, Tiffany (wakababika mu 1993), uyo wakakulira na Maples ku California.[489] Mu 2005, wakatora modeli wa ku Slovenia Melania Knauss.[490] Mwana wawo mwanalume Barron wakababika mu 2006.[491]
Usambazi
[lemba | kulemba source]
Trump wakayowoya kuti wakamba ntchito yake na "ngongoli yichoko ya madola miliyoni yimoza" yakufuma kwa awiske, ndipo wakayenera kuyiwezga pamoza na chiwongolero.[494] Wakabwereka ndalama zakuluska madola miliyoni 60 kufuma kwa awiske, wakabwezga yayi ngongoli zinandi, ndipo wakapokera madola miliyoni 413 (mwakuyana na ndalama za 2018, para kwasazgikapo kukwera kwa mitengo) kufuma ku kampani ya malo ya awiske.[495][12] Wakati wakujichemanga kuti ni msilikali wa Trump Organization zina lake "John Barron", Trump wakachema mulembi wa nkhani Jonathan Greenberg mu 1984 kuti waleke kumupa malo ghapachanya pa mndandanda wa Forbes 400 wa ŵanthu ŵasambazi chomene mu America.[496]
Trump wakajiyowoyera yekha kuti usambazi wake ukasintha chomene, kufuma pa minus madola miliyoni 900 mu 1990,[497] kufika pa madola biliyoni 10 mu 2015.[498] Pamanyuma pa kubankirapusi kwa mabizinesi ghake mu ma 1990, awo wakabwerekako ndalama ŵakamugowokera ngongoli zakuluska 80% za ngongoli zake ndipo ŵakamuzomerezga kulutilira kuŵa na malo ghanyake.[497] Mu 2015, Forbes yikawona kuti usambazi wake ukaŵa madola biliyoni 4.5, mwakutolera pa mafumbo na ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 80.[499] Mu 2026, magazini iyi yikati usambazi wake ukaŵa madola biliyoni 6.5 ndipo yikamwika pa nambara 645 pa ŵanthu ŵasambazi chomene pa charu chose.[500]
Ubwezi na Jeffrey Epstein
[lemba | kulemba source]Trump wakaŵa paubwezi na Jeffrey Epstein kwa vyaka 15. Ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵamanyanga pa nyengo iyi ŵakati kanandi ŵakakhumbanga ŵanakazi ŵeneŵara ndipo ŵakachitanga mpikisano chifukwa cha ŵanakazi.[501] Nkhani iyi yikamba kutchukanga chomene mu mawayilesi na pakati pa ŵanthu mu 2025 apo boma lake likafumiska yayi mafayilo ghakukhwaskana na Epstein, nangauli Trump wakalayizga kuchita nthena pa kampeni ya chisankho cha 2024.[502] Mafayilo ghanyake ghakafumiskika mu Disembala 2025, kweni ghanandi ghakaŵa ghakufipiskika kuti ghawonekeso yayi.[503] Pafupifupi mapeji miliyoni zitatu agho ghakafumiskika mu 2026 ghakaŵa na mazgu pafupifupi 38,000 agho ghakayowoyanga vya Trump, muwoli wake, Mar-a-Lago, na mazina ghanyake ghakukhwaskana na Trump. Vinthu ivyo vikayowoyanga vya Trump vikapangiska "nkhani zakukopa chidwi" kweniso mazgu ghambura kukhozgeka agho ŵakaboni ŵakayowoya mu malemba agho ghakalembeka kwamba m'ma 2000.[504]
Umoyo
[lemba | kulemba source]Trump wakuti wandamwengepo moŵa, wandasutepo sigareti, panji kugwiliskira ntchito munkhwala wakuzweteska bongo,[505][506] ndipo wakuti wakugona maora ghanayi panji ghankhondi pera usiku uliwose.[507][508] Wakuti kuseŵera gofu ndiyo ni "nthowa yake yikuru yakuchitira maseŵero gha thupi", kweni kanandi wakwenda yayi pa malo ghose gha maseŵero agha.[509] Wakuwona kuti kuchita maseŵero gha thupi nkhusakwenelera chifukwa wakugomezga kuti thupi "lili nga ni batire, ilo lili na nkhongono zakumara", ndipo nkhongono izi zikumarapo chifukwa cha kuchita maseŵero gha thupi.[510][511]
In 2015, kampani ya Trump yikafumiska kalata yakufuma kwa dokotala wake wa nyengo yitali, Harold Bornstein, iyo yikati wakazamuŵa "munthu wathanzi chomene uyo wakusankhika kuŵa pulezidenti".[512] Mu 2018, Bornstein wakayowoya kuti Trump ndiyo wakamuphalira ivyo vilembeke mu kalata iyi ndipo ŵanthu ŵatatu awo ŵakimiranga Trump ŵakapoka mafayilo gha chipatala chake pa nyengo iyo ŵakachita msokwe mu ofesi yake mu Febuluwale 2017.[512][513] Kwambira mu 2025, Trump wakawonekanga nga wakugona pa maungano, ndipo ichi chikapangiska ŵanthu kufumba vya nkhongono zake na umo wakupwelelera umoyo wake.[514][515]
Chisopa
[lemba | kulemba source]
Trump wakayowoya mu 2016 kuti wakaŵa Presbyterian ndiposo Protestant.[516][517] Mu 2020, wakayowoya kuti wakaŵa Mkhristu wambura kuŵikika ku chisopa chimoza.[518] Mu nyengo yake yakwamba ya u pulezidenti, Trump wakasankha muphara wake wa chisopa,[519] ndiposo mlangizi wake wa vyauzimu,[520] mupharazgi wa pa TV Paula White-Cain, kuŵa mu Ofesi ya Maubwezi gha Ŵanthu ya ku White House.[521] Mu nyengo yake yachiŵiri, wakamusankha kuŵa mlangizi mukuru wa Ofesi ya Chisopa ya White House iyo yikapangika sonosono.[522][523]
Kafukufuku munyengo yake yakwamba ya u pulezidenti wakalongora kuti 63% ya ŵanthu mu America ŵakagomezganga yayi kuti wakaŵa munthu wa chisopa ndipo 44% ŵakagomezganga kuti wakaŵa Mkhristu.[524] Mu kafukufuku wa Epulero 2026, 70% ya awo ŵakafumbika ŵakati Trump ngwakusopa yayi chomene panji wakusopa yayi nadi.[525] Ivyo Trump wakayowoya vya Baibolo panji milimo ya Chikhristu vyapangiska ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakumususka kuyowoya kuti kumanya kwake Chikhristu nkhwachoko panji kwambura kwenelera, ndipo ŵalembi ŵachoko waka ŵa mbiri ya umoyo wake ŵakamulongosora kuti wakaŵa munthu wakusopa chomene yayi panji kuti wakaŵa wakusopa chomene nadi yayi.[526][527]
Mu Epulero 2026, Trump wakatumizga chithuzithuzi chakapangika na AI icho chikamulongora nga ni Yesu Khristu. Chithuzithuzi ichi chikafufutika pamanyuma pa kususkika. Pamanyuma wakayowoya kuti wakaghanaghananga kuti chithuzithuzi ichi chikamulongoranga nga ni dokotala.[528]
Wonaniso
[lemba | kulemba source]Vyakuti mumanye
[lemba | kulemba source]Ukaboni
[lemba | kulemba source]Citations
[lemba | kulemba source]- ↑ Kranish & Fisher 2017, pp. 30, 37.
- ↑ Buettner & Craig 2024, pp. 30–31.
- ↑ Kranish & Fisher 2017, p. 47.
- ↑ Selk, Avi (Meyi 20, 2018). "It's the 50th anniversary of the day Trump left college and nearly had to go to war". The Washington Post.
- ↑ Kranish & Fisher 2017, p. 48.
- ↑ Blair 2015, p. 250.
- 1 2 O'Brien 2005a, p. 51.
- ↑ Barrett 2016, p. 76.
- ↑ Kranish & Fisher 2017, pp. 52–53.
- ↑ Kranish & Fisher 2017, pp. 50–51.
- 1 2 Barrett 2016, p. 75.
- 1 2 Barstow, David; Craig, Susanne; Buettner, Russ (Okutobala 2, 2018). "Trump Engaged in Suspect Tax Schemes as He Reaped Riches From His Father". The New York Times. Retrieved Okutobala 2, 2018.
- ↑ Handy, Bruce (Epulelo 1, 2019). "Trump Once Proposed Building a Castle on Madison Avenue". The Atlantic. Retrieved Julayi 28, 2024.
- ↑ "Trump's Plaza Hotel Bankruptcy Plan Approved". The New York Times. Reuters. Disembala 12, 1992. Retrieved Meyi 24, 2023.
- ↑ Kessler, Glenn (Malichi 3, 2016). "Trump's false claim he built his empire with a 'small loan' from his father". The Washington Post. Retrieved Sekutembala 29, 2021.
- ↑ Kranish & Fisher 2017, p. 84.
- ↑ Geist, William E. (Epulelo 8, 1984). "The Expanding Empire of Donald Trump". The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved Sekutembala 29, 2021.
- ↑ "Trump Revises Plaza Loan". The New York Times. Novembala 4, 1992. Retrieved Meyi 23, 2023.
- ↑ Kiel, Paul; Buettner, Russ (Meyi 11, 2024). "IRS Audit of Trump Could Cost Former President More Than $100 Million". ProPublica. Retrieved Ogasiti 26, 2024.
- ↑ Tully, Shawn (Malichi 10, 2016). "How Donald Trump Made Millions Off His Biggest Business Failure". Fortune. Retrieved Meyi 6, 2018.
- ↑ Saxon, Wolfgang (Epulelo 28, 1986). "Trump Buys Hilton's Hotel in Atlantic City". The New York Times. Retrieved Meyi 25, 2023.
- ↑ Blair 2015, p. 351.
- ↑ Garcia, Ahiza (Disembala 29, 2016). "Trump's 17 golf courses teed up: Everything you need to know". CNN Business. Retrieved Disembala 15, 2025.
- ↑ Buettner & Craig 2024, p. 410.
- ↑ Buettner, Russ; Craig, Susanne (Meyi 7, 2019). "Decade in the Red: Trump Tax Figures Show Over $1 Billion in Business Losses". The New York Times. Retrieved Meyi 8, 2019.
- ↑ Puente, Maria (Juni 29, 2015). "NBC to Donald Trump: You're fired". USA Today. Retrieved Julayi 28, 2015.
- ↑ Eder, Steve (Novembala 18, 2016). "Donald Trump Agrees to Pay $25 Million in Trump University Settlement". The New York Times. Retrieved Novembala 18, 2016.
- ↑ Katersky, Aaron (Novembala 7, 2019). "President Donald Trump ordered to pay $2M to collection of nonprofits as part of civil lawsuit". ABC News. Retrieved Novembala 7, 2019.
- ↑ Riley, Charles; Egan, Matt (Janyuwale 12, 2021). "Deutsche Bank won't do any more business with Trump". CNN. Retrieved Sekutembala 14, 2022.
- ↑ Buncombe, Andrew (Julayi 4, 2018). "Trump boasted about writing many books – his ghostwriter says otherwise". The Independent. Retrieved Okutobala 11, 2020.
- ↑ Mayer, Jane (Julayi 18, 2016). "Donald Trump's Ghostwriter Tells All". The New Yorker. Retrieved Juni 19, 2017.
- ↑ LaFrance, Adrienne (Disembala 21, 2015). "Three Decades of Donald Trump Film and TV Cameos". The Atlantic.
- ↑ Gaufman & Ganesh 2024, pp. 69–70.
- ↑ O'Brien 2020, p. 42.
- ↑ Kranish & Fisher 2017, p. 166.
- ↑ Massie, Christopher; Kaczynski, Andrew (Malichi 16, 2016). "There Are Hours Of Audio Of Donald Trump's Nationally Syndicated Radio Show In The 2000s". BuzzFeed. Retrieved Disembala 6, 2024.
- ↑ Grossmann, Matt; Hopkins, David A. (Sekutembala 9, 2016). "How the conservative media is taking over the Republican Party". The Washington Post. Retrieved Okutobala 19, 2018.
- ↑ Harmata, Claudia (Febuluwale 7, 2021). "Donald Trump Banned from Future Re-Admission to SAG-AFTRA: It's 'More Than a Symbolic Step'". People. Retrieved Febuluwale 8, 2021.
- ↑ Buettner & Craig 2024, p. 7.
- 1 2 Grynbaum, Michael M.; Parker, Ashley (Julayi 16, 2016). "Donald Trump the Political Showman, Born on 'The Apprentice'". The New York Times. Retrieved Julayi 8, 2018.
- ↑ Nussbaum, Emily (Julayi 24, 2017). "The TV That Created Donald Trump". The New Yorker. Retrieved Okutobala 18, 2023.
- ↑ Poniewozik, James (Sekutembala 28, 2020). "Donald Trump Was the Real Winner of 'The Apprentice'". The New York Times. Retrieved Okutobala 18, 2023.
- ↑ Gillin, Joshua (Ogasiti 24, 2015). "Bush says Trump was a Democrat longer than a Republican 'in the last decade'". PolitiFact. Retrieved Sekutembala 23, 2025.
- ↑ Hall, Amy (Julayi 25, 2024). "Donald Trump was once a registered Democrat and party donor. So why did he jump ship?". SBS News. Retrieved Malichi 29, 2025.
- ↑ Oreskes, Michael (Sekutembala 2, 1987). "Trump Gives a Vague Hint of Candidacy". The New York Times. Retrieved Febuluwale 17, 2016.
- ↑ Butterfield, Fox (Novembala 18, 1987). "Trump Urged To Head Gala Of Democrats". The New York Times. Retrieved Okutobala 1, 2021.
- ↑ Meacham 2016, p. 326.
- ↑ Gass, Nick (Novembala 6, 2015). "George W. Bush 'surprised' by dad's criticism, author says". Politico. Retrieved Disembala 20, 2024.
- ↑ Winger, Richard (Disembala 25, 2011). "Donald Trump Ran For President in 2000 in Several Reform Party Presidential Primaries". Ballot Access News. Retrieved Okutobala 1, 2021.
- ↑ Clift, Eleanor (Julayi 18, 2016). "The Last Time Trump Wrecked a Party". The Daily Beast. Retrieved Okutobala 14, 2021.
- ↑ Nagourney, Adam (Febuluwale 14, 2000). "Reform Bid Said to Be a No-Go for Trump". The New York Times. Retrieved Disembala 26, 2020.
- 1 2 MacAskill, Ewen (Meyi 16, 2011). "Donald Trump bows out of 2012 US presidential election race". The Guardian. Retrieved Febuluwale 28, 2020.
- ↑ Bobic, Igor; Stein, Sam (Febuluwale 22, 2017). "How CPAC Helped Launch Donald Trump's Political Career". HuffPost. Retrieved Febuluwale 28, 2020.
- ↑ Lerner, Adam B. (Juni 16, 2015). "The 10 best lines from Donald Trump's announcement speech". Politico. Retrieved Juni 7, 2018.
- ↑ Graham, David A. (Meyi 13, 2016). "The Lie of Trump's 'Self-Funding' Campaign". The Atlantic. Retrieved Juni 7, 2018.
- ↑ Wilson, Chris (Janyuwale 8, 2018). "'Make America High Again' and 279 Other Ways People Are Ripping Off Trump's Campaign Slogan". Time. Retrieved Epulelo 13, 2026.
- ↑ Terris, Ben (Juni 16, 2015). "Donald Trump begins 2016 bid, citing his outsider status". The Washington Post. Retrieved Epulelo 26, 2025.
- ↑ "Outsider Sentiment Leaves Its Mark on 2016 Races (Poll)". ABC News. Disembala 19, 2015. Retrieved Epulelo 26, 2025.
- ↑ Newport, Frank; Saad, Lydia (Malichi 4, 2016). "Trump Support Built on Outsider Status, Business Experience". Gallup, Inc. Retrieved Epulelo 26, 2025.
- ↑ Walsh, Kenneth T. (Ogasiti 15, 2016). "Trump: Media Is 'Dishonest and Corrupt'". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved Okutobala 1, 2021.
- ↑ Blake, Aaron (Julayi 6, 2016). "Donald Trump is waging war on political correctness. And he's losing". The Washington Post. Retrieved Okutobala 1, 2021.
- ↑ McCammon, Sarah (Ogasiti 10, 2016). "Donald Trump's controversial speech often walks the line". NPR News. Retrieved Okutobala 1, 2021.
- 1 2 "The 'King of Whoppers': Donald Trump". FactCheck.org. Disembala 21, 2015. Retrieved Malichi 4, 2019.
- ↑ Holan, Angie Drobnic; Qiu, Linda (Disembala 21, 2015). "2015 Lie of the Year: the campaign misstatements of Donald Trump". PolitiFact. Retrieved Okutobala 1, 2021.
- ↑ Farhi, Paul (Febuluwale 26, 2016). "Think Trump's wrong? Fact checkers can tell you how often. (Hint: A lot.)". The Washington Post. Retrieved Okutobala 1, 2021.
- ↑ Bump, Philip (Malichi 23, 2016). "Why Donald Trump is poised to win the nomination and lose the general election, in one poll". The Washington Post. Retrieved Okutobala 1, 2021.
- ↑ Ohlemacher, Stephen (Meyi 26, 2016). "Mister 1,237: North Dakota delegate puts Trump over the top". AP News. Retrieved Janyuwale 28, 2025.
- ↑ Johnson, Jenna (Epulelo 12, 2017). "Trump on NATO: 'I said it was obsolete. It's no longer obsolete.'". The Washington Post. Retrieved Novembala 26, 2019.
- ↑ Edwards 2018, "On the campaign trail, Trump repeatedly called North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 'obsolete'".
- ↑ Rucker, Philip; Costa, Robert (Malichi 21, 2016). "Trump questions need for NATO, outlines noninterventionist foreign policy". The Washington Post. Retrieved Ogasiti 24, 2021.
- ↑ "Trump's promises before and after the election". BBC News. Sekutembala 19, 2017. Retrieved Okutobala 1, 2021.
- ↑ "Donald Trump's Mexico wall: Who is going to pay for it?". BBC News. Febuluwale 6, 2017. Retrieved Disembala 9, 2017.
- ↑ "Donald Trump emphasizes plans to build 'real' wall at Mexico border". CBC News. Ogasiti 19, 2015. Retrieved Sekutembala 29, 2015.
- ↑ Oh, Inae (Ogasiti 19, 2015). "Donald Trump: The 14th Amendment is Unconstitutional". Mother Jones. Retrieved Novembala 22, 2015.
- ↑ Schaffner, Macwilliams & Nteta 2018, p. 31.
- ↑ Wolf, Z. Byron (Epulelo 6, 2018). "Trump basically called Mexicans rapists again". CNN. Retrieved Juni 28, 2022.
- ↑ "NBC officially fires Trump from 'Celebrity Apprentice'". AP News. Ogasiti 13, 2015. Retrieved Ogasiti 27, 2025.
- ↑ Przybyla, Heidi M.; Schouten, Fredreka (Janyuwale 21, 2017). "At 2.6 million strong, Women's Marches crush expectations". USA Today. Retrieved Janyuwale 22, 2017.
- ↑ Quigley, Aidan (Janyuwale 25, 2017). "All of Trump's executive actions so far". Politico. Retrieved Janyuwale 28, 2017.
- 1 2 "Donald Trump: A list of potential conflicts of interest". BBC News. Epulelo 18, 2017. Retrieved Okutobala 2, 2021.
- 1 2 Venook, Jeremy (Ogasiti 9, 2017). "Trump's Interests vs. America's, Dubai Edition". The Atlantic. Retrieved Okutobala 2, 2021.
- ↑ Stone, Peter (Julayi 19, 2019). "How Trump's businesses are booming with lobbyists, donors and governments". The Guardian. Retrieved Novembala 20, 2024.
- ↑ Van Dam, Andrew (Janyuwale 8, 2021). "Trump will have the worst jobs record in modern U.S. history. It's not just the pandemic". The Washington Post. Retrieved Okutobala 2, 2021.
- ↑ Smialek, Jeanna (Juni 8, 2020). "The U.S. Entered a Recession in February". The New York Times. Retrieved Juni 10, 2020.
- ↑ Long, Heather (Disembala 15, 2017). "The final GOP tax bill is complete. Here's what is in it". The Washington Post. Retrieved Julayi 31, 2021.
- ↑ Andrews, Wilson; Parlapiano, Alicia (Disembala 15, 2017). "What's in the Final Republican Tax Bill". The New York Times. Retrieved Disembala 22, 2017.
- ↑ Long, Heather; Stein, Jeff (Okutobala 25, 2019). "The U.S. deficit hit $984 billion in 2019, soaring during Trump era". The Washington Post. Retrieved Juni 10, 2020.
- ↑ Sloan, Allan; Podkul, Cezary (Janyuwale 14, 2021). "Donald Trump Built a National Debt So Big (Even Before the Pandemic) That It'll Weigh Down the Economy for Years". ProPublica. Retrieved Okutobala 3, 2021.
- ↑
- Parker, Ashley; Davenport, Coral (Meyi 26, 2016). "Donald Trump's Energy Plan: More Fossil Fuels and Fewer Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved Okutobala 3, 2021.
- Samenow, Jason (Malichi 22, 2016). "Donald Trump's unsettling nonsense on weather and climate". The Washington Post. Retrieved Okutobala 3, 2021.
- Lemire, Jonathan; Madhani, Aamer; Weissert, Will; Knickmeyer, Ellen (Sekutembala 15, 2020). "Trump spurns science on climate: 'Don't think science knows'". AP News. Retrieved Meyi 11, 2024.
- Plumer, Brad; Davenport, Coral (Disembala 28, 2019). "Science Under Attack: How Trump Is Sidelining Researchers and Their Work". The New York Times. Retrieved Meyi 11, 2024.
- ↑ "Trump proposes cuts to climate and clean-energy programs". National Geographic Society. Meyi 3, 2019. Retrieved Novembala 24, 2023.
- ↑ Dennis, Brady (Novembala 7, 2017). "As Syria embraces Paris climate deal, it's the United States against the world". The Washington Post. Retrieved Meyi 28, 2018.
- ↑ Gardner, Timothy (Disembala 3, 2019). "Senate confirms Brouillette, former Ford lobbyist, as energy secretary". Reuters. Retrieved Disembala 15, 2019.
- ↑ Brown, Matthew (Sekutembala 15, 2020). "Trump's fossil fuel agenda gets pushback from federal judges". AP News. Retrieved Okutobala 3, 2021.
- ↑ Lipton, Eric (Okutobala 5, 2020). "'The Coal Industry Is Back,' Trump Proclaimed. It Wasn't". The New York Times. Retrieved Okutobala 3, 2021.
- ↑ Subramaniam, Tara (Janyuwale 30, 2021). "From building the wall to bringing back coal: Some of Trump's more notable broken promises". CNN. Retrieved Okutobala 3, 2021.
- ↑ Popovich, Nadja; Albeck-Ripka, Livia; Pierre-Louis, Kendra (Janyuwale 20, 2021). "The Trump Administration Rolled Back More Than 100 Environmental Rules. Here's the Full List". The New York Times. Retrieved Disembala 21, 2023.
- ↑ Mann, Brian (Okutobala 29, 2020). "Opioid Crisis: Critics Say Trump Fumbled Response To Another Deadly Epidemic". NPR News. Retrieved Disembala 13, 2020.
- ↑ "Abortion: How do Trump and Biden's policies compare?". BBC News. Sekutembala 9, 2020. Retrieved Julayi 17, 2023.
- ↑ O'Hara, Mary Emily (Malichi 30, 2017). "LGBTQ Advocates Say Trump's New Executive Order Makes Them Vulnerable to Discrimination". NBC News. Retrieved Julayi 30, 2017.
- ↑ Luthi, Susannah (Ogasiti 17, 2020). "Judge halts Trump's rollback of transgender health protections". Politico. Retrieved Novembala 8, 2023.
- ↑ Bures, Brendan (Febuluwale 21, 2020). "Trump administration doubles down on anti-marijuana position". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved Okutobala 3, 2021.
- ↑ Wolf, Zachary B. (Julayi 27, 2019). "Trump returns to the death penalty as Democrats turn against it". CNN. Retrieved Sekutembala 18, 2022.
- ↑ Honderich, Holly (Janyuwale 16, 2021). "In Trump's final days, a rush of federal executions". BBC News. Retrieved Sekutembala 18, 2022.
- ↑ Tarm, Michael; Kunzelman, Michael (Janyuwale 15, 2021). "Trump administration carries out 13th and final execution". AP News. Retrieved Janyuwale 30, 2022.
- ↑ Gramlich, John (Janyuwale 22, 2021). "Trump used his clemency power sparingly despite a raft of late pardons and commutations". Pew Research Center. Retrieved Julayi 23, 2023.
- ↑ Vogel, Kenneth P. (Malichi 21, 2021). "The Road to Clemency From Trump Was Closed to Most Who Sought It". The New York Times. Retrieved Julayi 23, 2023.
- ↑ Olorunnipa, Toluse; Dawsey, Josh (Disembala 24, 2020). "Trump wields pardon power as political weapon, rewarding loyalists and undermining prosecutors". The Washington Post. Retrieved Okutobala 3, 2021.
- ↑ Johnson, Kevin; Jackson, David; Wagner, Dennis (Janyuwale 19, 2021). "Donald Trump grants clemency to 144 people (not himself or family members) in final hours". USA Today. Retrieved Julayi 23, 2023.
- ↑ Phillips, Dave (Novembala 22, 2019). "Trump Clears Three Service Members in War Crimes Cases". The New York Times. Retrieved Epulelo 18, 2024.
- ↑ Fritze, John (Ogasiti 8, 2019). "A USA Today analysis found Trump used words like 'invasion' and 'killer' at rallies more than 500 times since 2017". USA Today. Retrieved Ogasiti 9, 2019.
- ↑ Johnson 2017a.
- 1 2 Johnson & Cuison-Villazor 2019.
- ↑ Mitchell, Ellen (Janyuwale 29, 2019). "Pentagon to send a 'few thousand' more troops to southern border". The Hill. Retrieved Juni 4, 2020.
- ↑ Kanno-Youngs, Zolan; Shear, Michael D. (Okutobala 1, 2020). "Trump Virtually Cuts Off Refugees as He Unleashes a Tirade on Immigrants". The New York Times. Retrieved Sekutembala 30, 2021.
- ↑ "Donald Trump has cut refugee admissions to America to a record low". The Economist. Novembala 4, 2019. Retrieved Juni 25, 2020.
- ↑ Hesson, Ted (Okutobala 11, 2019). "Trump ending U.S. role as worldwide leader on refugees". Politico. Retrieved Juni 25, 2020.
- ↑ Snow, Anita (Febuluwale 25, 2020). "Crackdown on immigrants who use public benefits takes effect". AP News. Retrieved Juni 4, 2020.
- ↑ Timm, Jane C. (Janyuwale 13, 2021). "Fact check: Mexico never paid for it. But what about Trump's other border wall promises?". NBC News. Retrieved Disembala 21, 2021.
- ↑ Farley, Robert (Febuluwale 16, 2021). "Trump's Border Wall: Where Does It Stand?". FactCheck.org. Retrieved Disembala 21, 2021.
- ↑ Davis, Julie Hirschfeld; Tackett, Michael (Janyuwale 2, 2019). "Trump and Democrats Dig in After Talks to Reopen Government Go Nowhere". The New York Times. Retrieved Janyuwale 3, 2019.
- 1 2 Gambino, Lauren; Walters, Joanna (Janyuwale 26, 2019). "Trump signs bill to end $6bn shutdown and temporarily reopen government". The Guardian. Retrieved Meyi 31, 2020.
- ↑ Morgan, David; McCaskill, Nolan D.; Erickson, Bo; Slattery, Gram (Novembala 13, 2025). "Trump signs deal to end longest US government shutdown in history". Reuters. Retrieved Juni 27, 2026.
- 1 2 Pramuk, Jacob; Wilkie, Christina (Febuluwale 15, 2019). "Trump declares national emergency to build border wall, setting up massive legal fight". CNBC. Retrieved Meyi 31, 2020.
- ↑ Carney, Jordain (Okutobala 17, 2019). "Senate fails to override Trump veto over emergency declaration". The Hill. Retrieved Meyi 31, 2020.
- 1 2 Walters, Joanna; Helmore, Edward; Dehghan, Saeed Kamali (Janyuwale 28, 2017). "US airports on frontline as Donald Trump's travel ban causes chaos and protests". The Guardian. Retrieved Julayi 19, 2017.
- 1 2 "Protests erupt at airports nationwide over immigration action". CBS News. Janyuwale 28, 2017. Retrieved Malichi 22, 2021.
- ↑ Barrett, Devlin; Frosch, Dan (Febuluwale 4, 2017). "Federal Judge Temporarily Halts Trump Order on Immigration, Refugees". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved Okutobala 3, 2021.
- ↑ Levine, Dan; Rosenberg, Mica (Malichi 15, 2017). "Hawaii judge halts Trump's new travel ban before it can go into effect". Reuters. Retrieved Okutobala 3, 2021.
- ↑ "Trump signs new travel ban directive". BBC News. Malichi 6, 2017. Retrieved Malichi 18, 2017.
- ↑ Sherman, Mark (Juni 27, 2017). "Trump travel ban partly reinstated; fall court arguments set". AP News. Retrieved Malichi 6, 2026.
- ↑ Laughland, Oliver (Sekutembala 25, 2017). "Trump travel ban extended to blocks on North Korea, Venezuela and Chad". The Guardian. Retrieved Okutobala 13, 2017.
- ↑ Hurley, Lawrence (Disembala 4, 2017). "Supreme Court lets Trump's latest travel ban go into full effect". Reuters. Retrieved Okutobala 3, 2021.
- ↑ Wagner, Meg; Ries, Brian; Rocha, Veronica (Juni 26, 2018). "Supreme Court upholds travel ban". CNN. Retrieved Juni 26, 2018.
- 1 2 Vasquez, Tina (Janyuwale 17, 2025). "Trump's border policy tore apart many families. Nobody knows what happens to them now". The Guardian. Retrieved Novembala 26, 2025.
- ↑ Pearle, Lauren (Febuluwale 5, 2019). "Trump administration admits thousands more migrant families may have been separated than estimated". ABC News. Retrieved Meyi 30, 2020.
- 1 2 Spagat, Elliot (Okutobala 25, 2019). "Tally of children split at border tops 5,400 in new count". AP News. Retrieved Meyi 30, 2020.
- ↑ Domonoske, Camila; Gonzales, Richard (Juni 19, 2018). "What We Know: Family Separation And 'Zero Tolerance' At The Border". NPR News. Retrieved Meyi 30, 2020.
- ↑ Epstein, Jennifer (Juni 18, 2018). "Donald Trump's family separations bedevil GOP as public outrage grows". Bloomberg News. Retrieved Meyi 30, 2020 – via The Sydney Morning Herald.
- ↑ Sarlin, Benjy (Juni 15, 2018). "Despite claims, GOP immigration bill would not end family separation, experts say". NBC News. Retrieved Juni 18, 2018.
- ↑ Davis, Julie Hirschfeld; Nixon, Ron (Meyi 29, 2018). "Trump Officials, Moving to Break Up Migrant Families, Blame Democrats". The New York Times. Retrieved Disembala 29, 2020.
- ↑ Beckwith, Ryan Teague (Juni 20, 2018). "Here's What President Trump's Immigration Order Actually Does". Time. Retrieved Meyi 30, 2020.
- ↑ Shear, Michael D.; Goodnough, Abby; Haberman, Maggie (Juni 20, 2018). "Trump Retreats on Separating Families, but Thousands May Remain Apart". The New York Times. Retrieved Juni 20, 2018.
- ↑ Hansler, Jennifer (Juni 27, 2018). "Judge says government does a better job of tracking 'personal property' than separated kids". CNN. Retrieved Meyi 30, 2020.
- ↑ Walters, Joanna (Juni 27, 2018). "Judge orders US to reunite families separated at border within 30 days". The Guardian. Retrieved Meyi 30, 2020.
- ↑ Cummings, William (Okutobala 24, 2018). "'I am a nationalist': Trump's embrace of controversial label sparks uproar". USA Today. Retrieved Ogasiti 24, 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 Bennhold, Katrin (Juni 6, 2020). "Has 'America First' Become 'Trump First'? Germans Wonder". The New York Times. Retrieved Ogasiti 24, 2021.
- ↑ Carothers, Thomas; Brown, Frances Z. (Okutobala 1, 2018). "Can U.S. Democracy Policy Survive Trump?". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved Okutobala 19, 2019.
- 1 2 McGurk 2020.
- ↑ Swanson, Ana (Malichi 12, 2020). "Trump Administration Escalates Tensions With Europe as Crisis Looms". The New York Times. Retrieved Okutobala 4, 2021.
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The billions who voted in 2024 sent an angry message to incumbents, and warmed to populists on left and right
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- ↑ Wong, Julia Carrie (Epulelo 7, 2020). "Hydroxychloroquine: how an unproven drug became Trump's coronavirus 'miracle cure'". The Guardian. Retrieved Juni 25, 2021.
- ↑ Spring, Marianna (Meyi 27, 2020). "Coronavirus: The human cost of virus misinformation". BBC News. Retrieved Juni 13, 2020.
- ↑ Rowland, Christopher (Malichi 23, 2020). "As Trump touts an unproven coronavirus treatment, supplies evaporate for patients who need those drugs". The Washington Post. Retrieved Malichi 24, 2020.
- ↑ Parkinson, Joe; Gauthier-Villars, David (Malichi 23, 2020). "Trump Claim That Malaria Drugs Treat Coronavirus Sparks Warnings, Shortages". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved Malichi 26, 2020.
- ↑ Siders, David (Meyi 25, 2020). "Trump sees a 'rigged election' ahead. Democrats see a constitutional crisis in the making". Politico. Retrieved Okutobala 9, 2021.
- ↑ Riccardi, Nicholas (Sekutembala 17, 2020). "AP Fact Check: Trump's big distortions on mail-in voting". AP News. Retrieved Okutobala 7, 2020.
- ↑ Lipton, Eric; Sanger, David E.; Haberman, Maggie; Shear, Michael D.; Mazzetti, Mark; Barnes, Julian E. (Epulelo 11, 2020). "He Could Have Seen What Was Coming: Behind Trump's Failure on the Virus". The New York Times. Retrieved Epulelo 11, 2020.
- ↑ Guynn, Jessica (Okutobala 5, 2020). "From COVID-19 to voting: Trump is nation's single largest spreader of disinformation, studies say". USA Today. Retrieved Okutobala 7, 2020.
- ↑ Bergengruen, Vera; Hennigan, W.J. (Okutobala 6, 2020). "'You're Gonna Beat It.' How Donald Trump's COVID-19 Battle Has Only Fueled Misinformation". Time. Retrieved Okutobala 7, 2020.
- ↑ Allen, Jonathan (Disembala 31, 2018). "Does being President Trump still mean never having to say you're sorry?". NBC News. Retrieved Juni 14, 2020.
- ↑ Greenberg, David (Janyuwale 28, 2017). "The Perils of Calling Trump a Liar". Politico Magazine. Retrieved Juni 13, 2020.
- ↑ Bauder, David (Ogasiti 29, 2018). "News media hesitate to use 'lie' for Trump's misstatements". AP News. Retrieved Sekutembala 27, 2023.
- ↑ Farhi, Paul (Juni 5, 2019). "Lies? The news media is starting to describe Trump's 'falsehoods' that way". The Washington Post. Retrieved Epulelo 11, 2024.
- ↑ John, Arit (Juni 23, 2020). "From birtherism to 'treason': Trump's false allegations against Obama". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved Febuluwale 17, 2023.
- ↑ Keneally, Meghan (Sekutembala 18, 2015). "Donald Trump's History of Raising Birther Questions About President Obama". ABC News. Retrieved Ogasiti 27, 2016.
- ↑ Haberman, Maggie; Rappeport, Alan (Sekutembala 16, 2016). "Trump Drops False 'Birther' Theory, but Floats a New One: Clinton Started It". The New York Times.
- 1 2 Haberman, Maggie (Febuluwale 29, 2016). "Even as He Rises, Donald Trump Entertains Conspiracy Theories". The New York Times. Retrieved Okutobala 11, 2021.
- ↑ Fichera, Angelo; Spencer, Saranac Hale (Okutobala 20, 2020). "Trump's Long History With Conspiracy Theories". FactCheck.org. Retrieved Sekutembala 15, 2021.
- ↑ Bump, Philip (Novembala 26, 2019). "President Trump loves conspiracy theories. Has he ever been right?". The Washington Post. Retrieved Okutobala 11, 2021.
- ↑ McEvoy, Jemima (Disembala 17, 2020). "These Are The Voter Fraud Claims Trump Tried (And Failed) To Overturn The Election With". Forbes. Retrieved Sekutembala 13, 2021.
- ↑ Block, Melissa (Janyuwale 16, 2021). "Can The Forces Unleashed By Trump's Big Election Lie Be Undone?". NPR News. Retrieved Disembala 25, 2024.
- ↑ Datta, Monti (Sekutembala 16, 2019). "3 countries where Trump is popular". The Conversation. Retrieved Okutobala 3, 2021.
- ↑ Wike, Richard; Fetterolf, Janell; Mordecai, Mara (Sekutembala 15, 2020). "U.S. Image Plummets Internationally as Most Say Country Has Handled Coronavirus Badly". Pew Research Center. Retrieved Disembala 24, 2020.
- ↑ "Rating World Leaders: 2018 The U.S. vs. Germany, China and Russia". Gallup, Inc. Retrieved Okutobala 3, 2021 – via Politico. Page 9
- ↑ Jones, Jeffrey M. (Janyuwale 18, 2021). "Last Trump Job Approval 34%; Average Is Record-Low 41%". Gallup, Inc. Retrieved Okutobala 3, 2021.
- ↑ Bach, Natash (Disembala 28, 2017). "Trump Is the Only Elected U.S. President Not to Be Named America's Most Admired Man In His First Year". Fortune. Retrieved Novembala 19, 2024.
- ↑ "Presidential Historians Survey 2021". C-SPAN. 2021. Retrieved Juni 30, 2021.
- ↑ Sheehey, Maeve (Juni 30, 2021). "Trump debuts at 41st in C-SPAN presidential rankings". Politico. Retrieved Malichi 31, 2023.
- ↑ Brockell, Gillian (Juni 30, 2021). "Historians just ranked the presidents. Trump wasn't last". The Washington Post. Retrieved Julayi 1, 2021.
- ↑ "American Presidents: Greatest and Worst". Siena College Research Institute. Juni 22, 2022. Retrieved Julayi 11, 2022.
- ↑ Rottinghaus, Brandon; Vaughn, Justin S. (Febuluwale 19, 2018). "Opinion: How Does Trump Stack Up Against the Best—and Worst—Presidents?". The New York Times. Retrieved Julayi 13, 2024.
- ↑ Chappell, Bill (Febuluwale 19, 2024). "In historians' Presidents Day survey, Biden vs. Trump is not a close call". NPR News.
- ↑ Blair 2015, p. 300.
- ↑ Blair, Gwenda (Julayi 17, 2022). "Without Ivana, There's No 'The Donald'". Politico. Retrieved Epulelo 3, 2026.
- ↑ Barron, James (Disembala 12, 1990). "Trumps Get Divorce; Next, Who Gets What?". The New York Times. Retrieved Malichi 5, 2023.
- ↑ Hafner, Josh (Julayi 19, 2016). "Get to know Donald's other daughter: Tiffany Trump". USA Today. Retrieved Julayi 10, 2022.
- ↑ Kranish & Fisher 2017, p. 266.
- ↑ "Donald Trump Fast Facts". CNN. Julayi 2, 2021. Retrieved Sekutembala 29, 2021.
- ↑ Source for years 1982–2000: Alexander, Dan (Okutobala 3, 2023). "Here's How Much Donald Trump Is Worth". Forbes. Archived from the original on Novembala 10, 2023. Retrieved Malichi 28, 2026. Data is not available for 1990 through 1995 because Trump was not included in the Forbes 400 list.
- ↑ Source for years 2001–2026: Alexander, Dan; Khan-Mullins, Kyle (Malichi 25, 2026). "Here's How Much Donald Trump Is Worth". Forbes.
- ↑ Stump, Scott (Okutobala 26, 2015). "Donald Trump: My dad gave me 'a small loan' of $1 million to get started". CNBC. Retrieved Novembala 13, 2016.
- ↑ Barstow, David; Craig, Susanne; Buettner, Russ (Okutobala 2, 2018). "11 Takeaways From The Times's Investigation into Trump's Wealth". The New York Times. Retrieved Okutobala 3, 2018.
- ↑ Stracqualursi, Veronica (Epulelo 20, 2018). "Ex-Forbes reporter says Trump posed as executive, lied to him to crack Forbes 400 list". CNN. Retrieved Disembala 25, 2024.
- 1 2 Hilzenrath, David S.; Singletary, Michelle (Novembala 29, 1992). "Trump went broke, but stayed on top". The Washington Post. Retrieved Juni 19, 2025.
- ↑ Johnston 2021, p. 20.
- ↑ Lane, Randall (Sekutembala 29, 2015). "Inside The Epic Fantasy That's Driven Donald Trump For 33 Years". Forbes. Retrieved Epulelo 3, 2025.
- ↑ Peterson-Withorn, Chase; Chung, Grace; Durot, Matt (2026). "Forbes World's Billionaires List - The Richest in 2026". Forbes. Retrieved Malichi 24, 2026. – Scroll down and enter "trump" in the search box.
- ↑ Feuer, Alan; Goldstein, Matthew (Julayi 19, 2025). "Inside the Long Friendship Between Trump and Epstein". The New York Times. Retrieved Ogasiti 27, 2025.
- ↑ Bisset, Victoria; Wells, Dylan (Ogasiti 2, 2025). "A timeline of how the Epstein controversy became a headache for Trump". The Washington Post. Retrieved Ogasiti 27, 2025.
- ↑ Feuer, Alan (Disembala 20, 2025). "6 Takeaways From the First Batch of the Epstein Files". The New York Times. Retrieved Disembala 20, 2025.
- ↑ Eder, Steve; Bender, Michael C.; Enrich, David (Febuluwale 1, 2026). "How Trump Appears in the Epstein Files". The New York Times. Retrieved Febuluwale 6, 2026.
- ↑ Nagourney, Adam (Okutobala 30, 2020). "In Trump and Biden, a Choice of Teetotalers for President". The New York Times. Retrieved Febuluwale 5, 2021.
- ↑ Parker, Ashley; Rucker, Philip (Okutobala 2, 2018). "Kavanaugh likes beer — but Trump is a teetotaler: 'He doesn't like drinkers.'". The Washington Post. Retrieved Febuluwale 5, 2021.
- ↑ Dangerfield, Katie (Janyuwale 17, 2018). "Donald Trump sleeps 4–5 hours each night; he's not the only famous 'short sleeper'". Global News. Retrieved Febuluwale 5, 2021.
- ↑ Almond & Du 2020.
- ↑ Ballengee, Ryan (Julayi 14, 2018). "Donald Trump says he gets most of his exercise from golf, then uses cart at Turnberry". Golf News Net. Retrieved Julayi 4, 2019.
- ↑ Rettner, Rachael (Meyi 14, 2017). "Trump thinks that exercising too much uses up the body's 'finite' energy". The Washington Post. Retrieved Sekutembala 29, 2021.
- ↑ O'Donnell & Rutherford 1991, p. 133.
- 1 2 Marquardt, Alex; Crook, Lawrence III (Meyi 1, 2018). "Exclusive: Bornstein claims Trump dictated the glowing health letter". CNN. Retrieved Meyi 20, 2018.
- ↑ Schecter, Anna (Meyi 1, 2018). "Trump doctor Harold Bornstein says bodyguard, lawyer 'raided' his office, took medical files". NBC News. Retrieved Juni 6, 2019.
- ↑ Rogers, Katie; Freedman, Dylan (Novembala 25, 2025). "Shorter Days, Signs of Fatigue: Trump Faces Realities of Aging in Office". The New York Times. Retrieved Meyi 11, 2026.
- ↑ Allison, Natalie; Diamond, Dan; Reiger, JM (Disembala 2, 2025). "Trump appears to doze off in another meeting". The Washington Post. Retrieved Meyi 11, 2026.
- ↑ Campbell, Colin (Janyuwale 23, 2016). "Trump: If I'm president, 'Christianity will have power' in the US". Business Insider. Retrieved Janyuwale 20, 2025.
- ↑ Engel, Pamela (Juni 8, 2016). "Trump on God: 'Hopefully I won't have to be asking for much forgiveness'". Business Insider. Retrieved Janyuwale 20, 2025.
- ↑ Jenkins, Jack; Mwaura, Maina (Okutobala 24, 2020). "Trump, confirmed a Presbyterian, now identifies as 'non-denominational Christian'". America. Retrieved Janyuwale 20, 2025.
- ↑ Peters, Jeremy W.; Dias, Elizabeth (Novembala 2, 2019). "Paula White, Newest White House Aide, Is a Uniquely Trumpian Pastor". The New York Times. Retrieved Ogasiti 14, 2025.
- ↑ Shellnut, Faith (Febuluwale 10, 2025). "Trump Appoints Paula White to Oversee Faith Office". Christianity Today. Retrieved Ogasiti 14, 2025.
- ↑ Peters, Jeremy W.; Haberman, Maggie (Okutobala 31, 2019). "Paula White, Trump's Personal Pastor, Joins the White House". The New York Times. Retrieved Sekutembala 29, 2021.
- ↑ Gabbatt, Adam (Epulelo 5, 2025). "'False teacher': Trump's pick to head the 'White House faith office' roils some fellow Christians". The Guardian. Retrieved Ogasiti 14, 2025.
- ↑ Bridges, C. A.; Walker, Diamond (Febuluwale 20, 2025). "Trump's new faith office. What to know about controversial Florida pastor Paula White". The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved Ogasiti 14, 2025.
- ↑ Fahmy, Dalia (Malichi 25, 2020). "Most Americans don't see Trump as religious; fewer than half say they think he's Christian". Pew Research Center. Retrieved Epulelo 21, 2023.
- ↑ Rotolo, Chip (Epulelo 16, 2026). "Americans have become more likely to say Trump is not too or not at all religious". Pew Research Center. Retrieved Juni 2, 2026.
- ↑ Friedman, Ann (Epulelo 19, 2017). "Op-Ed: Is Trump religious? Who cares?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved Malichi 31, 2025.
- ↑ Taylor, Jessica (Janyuwale 18, 2016). "Citing 'Two Corinthians,' Trump Struggles To Make The Sale To Evangelicals". NPR News. Retrieved Malichi 31, 2025.
- ↑ Rogers, Katie (Epulelo 13, 2026). "Trump Posted a Picture of Himself as Jesus. Now He's Trying to Explain It Away". The New York Times. Retrieved Meyi 4, 2026.
Mabuku ghakulembeka
[lemba | kulemba source]Wabuku waka
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Mapepala
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- Ŵanthu ŵa nkhondo ya Gaza
- Ŵapulezidenti ŵa United States
- ŴaPresbyterian kufuma ku New York (boma)
- Ŵakuzenga na kupangiska malo na nyumba kufuma ku Queens, New York
- Ŵandyali ŵa Reform Party of the United States of America
- Ŵakusankhidwa kuŵa pulezidenti na Republican Party (United States)
- Ŵapulezidenti ŵa Republican Party ŵa United States
- Ŵanthu ŵakumanyikwa pa TV kufuma ku New York City
- Ŵapangi ŵa mapulogalamu gha TV kufuma ku Queens, New York
- Munthu wa Chaka wa Time
- Ŵa mbumba ya Trump
- Ŵantchito ŵa The Trump Organization
- Trumpism
- Ŵalongozgi ŵa United States Football League
- Nkhondo ya munkhwala wakuzgolera vyakutemwa kugwiriska ntchito munkhwala wakuzweteska
- Ŵasambiri ŵa Wharton School