ChiTumbuka

ChiTumbuka


Machemelo
Ŵayowoyi	2,546,000 (2009-2010)
Territory	Malawi, Zambia
Uko chikafumila	Niger–Congo • Atlantic–Congo • Benue–Congo • Bantoid • Bantu • Nyasa • Tumbuka • • •
Kalembelo	Latin Mwangwego
Uko ntchiyowoyelo cha boma
Ntchiyowoyelo cha charu mu vyaru ivi
Chikulongozgeka na
Makodi gha chiyowoyelo

ISO 639-2	tum
ISO 639-3	tum

Chitumbuka ni chiyowoyelo chachi bantu choyowoyeka ku mpoto kwa Malaŵi na mu Boma la Lundazi,Chasefu na Lumezi ku manjililo gha dazi gha Zambia.

Chitumbuka chili m'cigaŵa ca viyowoyelo vimoza na Chicheŵa na chiSena (lochemeka Guthrie Zone N)

Ŵakaswili ŵa viyowoyelo ŵa World Almanac mu 1998 ŵakati ŵo yowoya Chitumbuka Ŵalipo 2,000,000 kwe ŵanyake ŵakuti figala iyi njokhililapo.

Ŵanandi ŵoyowoya chiTumbuka ŵakukhala ku Malawi na Zambia. Chiyowoyelo ichi chikuyowoyeka na banthu bakuchemeka baTumbuka pela yayi chifukwa mitundu yinyake nga mbaNgoni ba ku Mzimba mu Malaŵi bakuyowoyaso chiTumbuka.

Ŵanandi Ŵoyowoya Chitumbuka mba Tumbuka iŵo ŵene ŵamu Malaŵi na ŵadoko ŵamu Zambia. Kweni mafuko nga ŵaTonga, ŵaNgonde na ŵaNgoni naŵo ŵakuyowoya Chitumbuka. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakumpoto kwa Malaŵi ŵakuyowoya chiyowoyelo ichi.

Pali kupambana kuchoko pakati pa Chitumbuka cha ku misumba na icho cha Kukaya. Icho chikutoleka nga Chitumbuka Chenecho ni icho cha ku Boma la Rumphi.

Chitumbuka chikasuzgika pa ulamuliro wa Kamuzu, uyo kwambila 1968 wakapanga kuti chichewa chiŵe chiyowoyelo chekha chozomelezgeka cha m'Malaŵi ntheula Chitumbuka chikaleka kusambizgika m'Masuku, mawailesi yakaleka Chitumbuka ndiposo ŵa makani ya pa pepala ŵakaleka makani ya mu Chitumbuka.

Kwati kwiza demoklase ya ŵanthu bweka na vipani vinandi, Chitumbuka chikawelelako pachoko pa wailesi kwe mabuku yolembeka mu m'Chitumbuka yachali yachoko.

Maunenesko[lemba | kulemba source]

Pala nthowa ziŵili zolembera Chitumbuka: mwachikaya (nthe mu makani gha pa pepala gha Fuko), umu mazgu nga 'banthu' na 'chaka' ŵakulembeka na 'b' na 'ch', na Malembelo ghozomelezgeka (nthe mu mung'anamuska mazgu wa Citumbuka na mu Mazgu gha Chiuta), umo vikulembeka na 'ŵ' na 'c', Ntheura: ŵanthu na caka. Nyengo zinyake polemba 'r' na polemba 'l', nthe cakulya panji cakurya pakumanyikwa makola chara.

Mayowoyelo gha chiTumbuka (basic Tumbuka Greetings)

Kutauzgana mu chiTumbuka

'sk' na 'sy' (nthe miskombe na misyombe) naŵo ŵangasinthiskana

Kalembero[lemba | kulemba source]

maVawelo Mavawelo gha Chitumbuka ni agha: a e i o u

Consonants Ma konsonanti gha chiTumbuka ghali nthe gha chicheŵa kupambana waka pachoko.

Vilapi mchiTumbuka
- Kachande kadelele kakwendelana
- Kuyenda nkhuvina

Kachemelo ka mazgo mu ChiTumbuka ^[1]^[2]
		kwa mlomo			kwa mino			palatal		velar		glottal
		plain	lab.	pal.	plain	lab.	pal.	plain	lab.	plain	lab.	glottal
mwakukozgana na kulila kwa mphuno		ma /m/	mwa /mʷ/	mya /mʲ/	na /n/	nwa /nʷ/	nya /nʲ/			ng'a /ŋ/	ng'wa /ŋʷ/
plosive/ affricate	kwambula mazgo	pa /p/	pwa /pʷ/	pya /pʲ/	ta /t/	twa /tʷ/	tya /tʲ/	ca /t͡ʃ/	cwa /t͡ʃʷ/	ka /k/	kwa /kʷ/
	kwa mazgo	ba /ɓ/	bwa /ɓʷ/	bya /bʲ/	da /ɗ/	dwa /ɗʷ/	dya /ɗʲ/	ja /d͡ʒ/	jwa /d͡ʒʷ/	ga /g/	gwa /gʷ/
	Kwakusazga na mhuche	pha /pʰ/	phwa /pʷʰ/	phya /pʲʰ/	tha /tʰ/	thwa /tʷʰ/	thya /tʲʰ/	cha /t͡ʃʰ/		kha /kʰ/	khwa /kʷʰ/
	nasalised	mba /ᵐb/	mbwa /ᵐbʷ/	mbya /ᵐbʲ/	nda /ⁿd/	ndwa /ⁿdʷ/	(ndya)^{[lower-alpha 1]} /ⁿdʲ/	nja /ⁿd͡ʒ/		nga /ᵑg/	ngwa /ᵑgʷ/
	nasalised aspirated	mpha /ᵐpʰ/	mphwa /ᵐpʷʰ/	mphya /ᵐpʲʰ/	ntha /ⁿtʰ/	nthwa /ⁿtʷʰ/	(nthya) /ⁿtʲʰ/	ncha /ⁿt͡ʃʰ/		nkha /ᵑkʰ/	nkhwa /ᵑkʷʰ/
fricative	kwambula mazgo	fa /f/	fwa /fʷ/	fya /fʲ/	sa /s/	swa /sʷ/	ska (sya) /sʲ/	(sha) /ʃ/				ha /h/
fricative	kwa mazgo	va /v/	vwa /vʷ/	vya /vʲ/	za /z/	zwa /zʷ/	zga /zʲ/
semivowel/ liquid		ŵa /β/	wa /w/		la/ra /ɽ/	lwa/rwa /ɽʷ/	lya/rya /ɽʲ/	ya /j/		gha /ɣ/

Ving'anamulo vya mazgu mu ChiTumbuka[lemba | kulemba source]

Mazgo ghakuvwila[lemba | kulemba source]

Enya = Yes
Yayi = No
Yebo (yeŵo) = Thank you
Taonga = We are thankful
Nkhukhumba chakurya! = I want some food !
Munganipako chakurya? = could you give me some food?
Ine nkhuyowoya chiTumbuka yayi! = I do not speak chiTumbuka!
Yendani makola = Travel well.
Nkukhumba maji yakumwa = I would like water to drink.

Kutauzgana[lemba | kulemba source]

Mwawuka uli? = Good morning. (How did you wake up?)
Tawuka makola. Kwali imwe? = Fine. And you? (I woke up well. I don't know about you?)
Muli uli? = How are you?
Nili makola, kwali imwe? = I am fine, how are you?
Mwatandala uli? = Good afternoon. (How did you spend the day?)
Natandala makola. Kwali imwe? = Good afternoon. How are you? (I spent the day well. I don't know about you?)
Monile = somewhat more formal than "Hi". Perhaps best translated as "Greetings".
Tionanenge = We shall meet again.

Ŵanthu[lemba | kulemba source]

Unandi wavithu wakuti ba- (ŵa-) ukugwiliskika kulongola ulemu ku ŵalala.

Munyamata = boy
Banyamata (ŵanyamata) = boys
Musungwana = girl
Basungwana (ŵasungwana) = girls
Bamwali (ŵamwali) = young ladies
Banchembere (ŵancembele) = a woman with babies
Bamama (ŵamama) = mother
Badada(ŵadhadha) = dad
Bagogo (ŵagogo) = grandmother
Babuya (ŵabhuya) = grandmother, also used when addressing old female persons
Basekulu (ŵasekulu) = grandfather
Bankhazi (ŵankhazi) = paternal aunt
ŵa/Bamama ŵa/bachoko / ŵa/bakulu = maternal aunt usually your mother's younger/older sister
Basibweni (ŵasibweni) = maternal uncle
Badada(ŵadhadha) bachoko / bakulu = paternal uncle usually your father's younger/older brother
Mudumbu(mudhumbu) wane = my brother/ sister (for addressing a sibling of the opposite sex)
Muchoko wane / muzuna wane/ munung'una wane = my young brother / sister (for addressing a sibling of the same sex)
Mukuru wane / mulala wane = my elder brother / sister (for addressing a sibling of the same sex)