Stewart Gore-Browne

Sir Stewart Gore-Browne DSO
Born	(1883-05-03)3 May 1883 London, England
Died	4 August 1967(1967-08-04) (vyaka vikaŵa 84) Kasama Hospital, Zambia
Buried	Shiwa Ngandu
Rank	Lieutenant Colonel
Battles/wars	World War I
Awards	Distinguished Service Order
Relations	Sir Thomas Gore Browne (grandfather) The Rt Rev'd Wilfrid Gore Browne, Bishop of Kimberley and Kuruman (uncle)
Other work	Farming and politics

Lieutenant Colonel Dada Stewart Gore-Browne DSO(3 May 1883 - 4 August 1967), wakuchemeka Chipembele na ŵanthu ŵa ku Zambia, wakaŵa msilikari, wakukhazikika, wakuzenga, wandale na wakukhozgera wanangwa wa Northern Rhodesia (sono Zambia).

Early life

Gore-Browne wakababikira ku London, England. Dada wake wakaŵa Francis Gore Browne., wakaŵa loya kweniso wakalembanga vya malango gha makampani. Sekuru wake wa pa wiske wakaŵa Sir Thomas Gore Browne, uyo wakaŵa kazembe wa New Zealand na Tasmania. Asungwana ŵake ŵa ku wiske ŵakaŵa Ethel Locke King.

Gore-Browne wakasambira ku Wixenford Preparatory School kwa vyaka vinkhondi na Harrow School kwa vyaka vinyake vitatu. Mu 1900, wakasambira ku Royal Military Academy ku Woolwich ndipo wakatumika ku Royal Field Artillery. Kufuma mu 1902 kufika mu 1904, wakacitanga mulimo wa kupima mu Natal pambere wandawelere ku England kuti wakacite maseŵero gha magalimoto pa dera la Brooklands ilo likazengeka na Hugh F. Locke. Locke King, mfumu wa azakhali wake Ethel Gore-Browne.

Gore-Browne wakatumika ku Northern Rhodesia mu 1911 nga ntchigaŵa cha komiti ya Anglo-Belgian boundary commission, iyo yikawonanga na kupanga mphaka pakati pa Belgian Congo na Northern Rhodesia. Gore-Browne wakaŵa na khumbo lakuti waŵe na malo ghakukhalamo kufuma waka pa wanichi wake. Nangauli wakaŵa musambazi, kweni wakamanyanga kuti wangakwaniska yayi kugura malo ghanandi ku Britain.

Mu 1914, wakati wapulika kuti kampani ya British South Africa Company iyo yikalamuliranga Northern Rhodesia yikaguliskanga malo gha mtengo uwemi ku ŵazungu awo ŵakakhalanga kumpoto ca kumafumiro gha dazi kwa caru ici, wakaluta kukapenja malo agho wakasanga ku Shiwa Ngandu. Nkhani iyi yikulongosora umo vinthu vikasinthira..

Wakakhazikika ku Shiwa Ngandu

Mu nyengo ya Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose, Gore-Browne wakatumika ku Western Front, uko wakafika pa udindo wa Lt.-Colonel ndipo wakapokera Order of Distinguished Service (DSO). Mu 1920, wakafumako ku usilikari ndipo wakawelera ku Northern Rhodesia kuti wakakhale ku Shiwa Ngandu na kuzenga malo ghake. Nkhani ya umo malo ghake ghakazengekera yikulongosoreka mu buku la The Africa House ilo wakalemba Christina Lamb.

Ku nyumba yake yiphya, Gore-Browne wakaŵa na nkharo ya usilikari ndipo wakavwaranga munjilira. Kanandi wakawofyanga ŵantchito ŵake na ukali wake; ŵanthu ŵa ku Bemba ŵakamuchemanga kuti Chipembere ('Rhinoceros', chilembo chinyake ni Chipembele).

Apo wakaŵa muwukirano, Gore Browne wakatorana na Lorna Bosworth Smith kwa vilimika vitatu, kweni wakatora munyake. Iyo na mfumu wake Edwin Goldmann ŵakafwa ŵachali ŵachoko, ndipo ku England mu 1927, Gore Browne wakakumana na mwana wawo Lorna Goldmann uyo wakaŵa mulanda. Nangauli ŵakaŵa na vilimika pafupifupi 25 ŵakupambana, kweni ŵakatorana mu chaka chenechicho ndipo ŵakaluta kukakhala ku Shiwa Ngandu. Ŵakaŵa na ŵana ŵaŵiri ŵasungwana, Lorna na Angela. Ndipouli, kwambira mu 1934, ŵakamba kupatukana. Lady Gore-Browne wakakolerana na mfumu wake yayi pa nkhani ya malo agha ndipo ŵakapatana mu 1950. Wakasamira ku London uko wakajichemanga kuti 'Mrs. Browne.'

Ntchito ya ndale

Gore-Browne wakamba uteŵeti wake wa ndyali mu 1935, apo wakasankhika kuŵa mulara wa boma la Northern Rhodesia. Gore-Browne wakimiranga chigaŵa chimoza mwa vigaŵa vinkhondi na viŵiri. Iyo wakakolerana yayi na "ndondomeko" ya ku Britain ndipo wakalaŵiska ku "ubwezi". Iyo wakaghanaghananga kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala mu vyaru vinyake ŵakwenera kuŵa na chigaŵa chikuru mu boma, kweni wakayowoyanga kuti ŵanthu "ŵachizungu na ŵafipa" ndiwo ŵakwenera kuŵa na umoyo uwemi. Mwakupambana na ŵandyali ŵanyake ŵatuŵa, nga ni mubwezi wake Roy Welensky, mulongozgi wa wupu wa ŵantchito, Gore-Browne wakawona kuti palije uheni wakuti ŵanthu ŵa mu Africa ŵalutilire kuŵa na umoyo uwemi ndiposo kuti ŵasambire vinandi.

Maghanoghano agha ghakukhwaskana na ndyali ghangawoneka kuti ghakaŵa ghakukhwaskana na umo wakendeskera malo gha Shiwa Ngandu, uko wakathembanga chomene ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ndipo wakaŵa kutali chomene na ŵanthu ŵazungu. Wakamanya kuti ntchakukhumbikwa kusambizga ŵanthu ŵa mu cigaŵa ici maluso agho ŵakakhumbikwiranga, kweniso kuti cigaŵa ici cikate ciŵenge cakukondwa. Wakaŵa na nkharo yiwemi, kweni wakaŵa paubwezi na ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Africa.

Kufuma mu 1938 m'paka mu 1951, wakasankhika kuti wimilire ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa mu wupu wakulongozga. Mu Nyumba ya Malango, Gore-Browne wakaŵa wankhongono comene. Wakawovwira kuti vinthu viŵe makora ku Northern Rhodesia. Wakaŵa wakukolerana comene na maghanoghano gha ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa kuluska boma ndipo "wakakondwanga comene na nchindi na cigomezgo ca ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa... [wakaŵa] muyowoyeri wavinjeru ndipo nkhani zake zikaŵa za ŵanthu ŵa boma awo ŵakaŵa kuti ŵandapulikepo mu Northern Rhodesia. Wakaŵa munthu wa nkhongono, wankhongono, na wachikanga", wakayowoya Welensky.

Mu 1940, apo ŵantchito ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakagwiranga nchito mu migodi ŵakamba kunjilirapo yayi, Gore-Browne wakaŵaphalira kuti ŵaleke kugwiliskira nchito nkhongono. Kweniso wakafumbanga maghanoghano gha ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ndipo wakasuskanga mitundu yakupambanapambana ya kusankhana mitundu. Wakakondwa comene na kukura kwa mawupu gha wovwiri wa ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa na mawupu gha ŵantchito, ndipo wakapangiska boma la ŵazungu kuti likhazikiske mawupu ghakuyimira ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa. Ku Britain, wakadumbiskana na Dr. Hastings Kamuzu Banda (uyo wakaŵa pulezidenti wa ku Malawi kunthazi) na cipulikano cake mu maluso gha mu Africa vikakhozga comene apo wakaluta ku Uganda na West Africa mu 1946-47.

Ndipouli, mu 1946, Roy Welensky wakamba kulimbikira kuti Northern Rhodesia yikolane na Southern Rhodesia, uko ŵanthu ŵazungu ŵakaŵa na wanangwa wakujiwusa ŵekha. Gore-Browne wakasuska fundo ya Welensky yakuti ŵaŵikane pamoza ndipo wakafumapo pa udindo wake chifukwa cha kususkika. M'malo mwake, wakambiska fundo yakuti ŵanthu wose ŵaŵizenge na 'boma lakwenelera.' Ndipouli, mu 1948, wakacita makora yayi umo wakawoneranga ndondomeko iyi ndipo wakacitiska kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakamukhozganga ŵaleke kumutemwa. Mu 1950, wakawona kuti walije ntchito mu ndyali ndipo wakaleka ntchito yake mu 1951 ndipo wakafumapo kuti waŵike nkhongono zake pa Shiwa.

Wakalutizga kuphalira boma la African National Congress pasi pa Harry Nkumbula ndipo pamasinda, pamanyuma pa kupatukana, chipani cha United National Independence, pasi pa mubwezi wake Kenneth Kaunda.

Kuumaliro wa m'ma 1950, Shiwa Ng'andu wakalongosora vyose ivyo Sir Stewart wakimiranga. Kwa vilimika vinandi, msumba uwu ukaŵa malo ghakukondweska ŵalendo awo ŵakendanga pa msewu wa Great North Road, malo agho ŵanthu ŵakakhalanga mwakukondwa.

Mbumba ku Afilika

Mu 1962, wati watondeka kuwelera ku ndyali, wakaluta kukakhala ku Shiwa pamoza na mwana wake mwanakazi na mwana wake mwanalume, Lorna na John Harvey (uyo wakendeskanga malo agha), na ŵazukuru ŵake ŵanayi, Penelope, Charles, Mark na David. Lady Gore-Browne, uyo wakakhalanga ku England, nyengo zinyake wakizanga ku Shiwa. Mwana wawo waciŵiri, Angela, wakatorana na kuŵa na ŵana ŵaŵiri ŵasungwana, Karen na Miranda.

Munthu uyo wakendanga nayo nyengo zose wakaŵa Henry Mulenga, uyo wakaŵa dereva wake kwa vyaka vyakujumpha 30. Ŵakaŵa kuti ŵendera lumoza mu vyaru vinandi vya mu Africa, kweniso mu vyaru vinandi vya ku Europe. Nyengo yinyake, Henry wakati: "Sir Stewart wali kunigulira famu yane iyo yili pa mtunda wa makilomita 15 kufuma ku Shiwa". "Ŵapapi ŵane ŵakukhala kwenekura ndipo nkhuŵayendera paumaliro wa sabata. Para ntchito yane yamara ku Shiwa, nizamupumura pa nchito na kwamba kulima".

Semi-retirement

Gore-Browne wakakhala vyaka vinandi ku Shiwa Ngandu, uko wakasora viŵeto m'malo mwa vyakurya vya viŵeto. Ndipouli, wakalutilira kutemwa ndyali. Apo mu 1953, boma la Rhodesia na Nyasaland likapangika mwakupambana na khumbo la ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakakhalanga mu vigaŵa ivi, Gore-Browne wakakana cifukwa wakawonanga kuti likuthemba pa fundo ya 'kuŵa ŵabwezi.' Mu 1960, wakajipeleka ku muwuso wa ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa mu Africa, ndipo wakaŵa mubwezi wa Kenneth Kaunda, mulongozgi wa United National Independence Party.

Mu 1962, Gore-Browne wakimilira chipani ici pa maungano gha boma. Ndipouli, wakatondeka kusanga mavoti ghakukwana gha ŵazungu. Mu 1964, wakaŵa mulendo wakuchindikika pa viphikiro vya ku Lusaka.

Wakafwa na nthenda ya nthumbo ku Kasama Hospital, Zambia, pa 4 August 1967. Wakasungika ku Shiwa Ngandu mazuŵa ghaŵiri pamanyuma pa nyifwa ya munthu mutuŵa yekha mu Zambia. Mubali Kenneth Kaunda, uyo wakaŵa pulezidenti wa Zambia pa nyengo iyo, ndiyo wakayowoya nkhani ya nyifwa.

Muwoli wake, Lady Lorna Gore-Browne, wakafwa ku London mu 2002 apo wakaŵa na vilimika 93.

John na Lorna Harvey (mwanakazi wake) ŵakakomeka na ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa na vilwero pa famu yawo yinyake ku Chisamba mu 1992. Pamanyuma, nyumba iyi yikakhala waka kwambura ŵanthu ndipo yikaŵa yakunangika. Muzukuru wake, David Harvey, wakalutilira kukhala ku malo ghakutali, kweni mu nyumba iyi mukaŵavya. Mu 1999, muzukuru wa Gore-Browne, zina lake Charlie, ndiyo wakatora nyumba iyi, ndipo pamoza na muwoli wake Jo, ŵakamba kunozga nyumba iyi na kuzgora malo agha kuŵa famu. Mu 2016, Charlie na Jo ŵakagwiliskirangaso nchito nyumba iyi kuŵa nyumba ya ŵalendo.

Ukaboni

• Rotberg, Robert I. (1977). Black Heart: Gore-Browne and the Politics of Multiracial Zambia. University of California Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-520-03164-7.

Vigaŵa vya kuwaro

• The Curse of the Africa House (Television production). London: Sky TV. 2001.