Wupu wa Chipulikano cha Zambezi

Ntchito ya ku Zambezi Industrial Mission yikaŵa ntchito yakujiyimira paŵekha ya Baptist iyo yikapangika mu British Central Africa, sono Malawi, mu 1892 na Joseph Booth, munthu wakujiyimira paŵekha ndipo wakaŵa mulongozgi wa chisopa uyo chilato chake chikaŵa cha kupanga ntchito yakujiyimira paŵekha iyo yikapelekanga ku ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakang'anamukira ku Chikomyunizimu maluso gha masambiro, maluso na vyachuma kuti ŵalongozge chitukuko cha charu chawo. Pamanyuma pa kupambana maghanoghano na ŵanyake, Booth wakaleka uteŵeti wake mu 1897,Kweni likalutilira kuŵa nchito ya vyamalonda mpaka apo kukaŵa suzgo la khofi mu 1929. Pamanyuma, likalutilira kuŵa tchalitchi la ŵamishonale ilo likaŵa na mipingo yinandi. Malaŵi wati waŵa wakujiyimira pawekha, mulimo wa mpingo wa wa mishoni ukagaŵikana mu mpingo wa Zambezi Evangelical Church, uwo ukendeskeka na boma la United Kingdom. Mu 2010, munthu wa ku Malawi ndiyo wakaŵa wakwamba kuŵa Mulara wa ZM ku Blantyre. Mu 2012, tchalitchi ili likaŵa na ŵaliska pafupifupi 150 awo ŵakateŵeteranga mu mipingo yakujumpha 500 na ŵanthu 100,000 mu Malawi.

Ndondomeko ya Ntchito ya Makampani

William Carey, uyo wakaŵa muliska wa tchalitchi la Baptist kweniso uyo wakambiska gulu la Baptist Missionary Society, ndiyo wakambiska fundo yakuti ŵanthu ŵaŵe ŵamishonale. Mulimo uwu ukaŵa wa kupharazga na kusambizga pamoza na ulimi na malonda. Mu ma 19th century, mu Africa mukaŵa gulu la ŵamishonale awo ŵakawonanga kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe awo ŵakagwiranga ntchito mu migodi, awo ŵakakhalanga mu minda, na awo ŵakaguliskanga vinthu, ŵakawonanga kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa mbantchito ŵapasi. Maofesi gha ŵapayiniya ŵakakhumbanga kuti ŵasambizgi ŵa ku Africa ŵasambirenge vinthu vya mu vyaru vinyake. Para munthu wasambira nthowa za ku Europe zakupangira vyakurya, panji maluso ghanyake nga nkhusona, kupanga vyakuvwara, skapato, na makompyuta, wakeneranga kulutilira na uteŵeti wake. Chilato cha maofesi agha chikaŵa chakuti ŵawovwire ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa kuti ŵakhalenge makora mu vyaru vyawo, kuti ŵaŵe ŵantchito yayi panji ŵantchito awo ŵakuthemba mabungwe gha ku Europe. Ndipouli, visopa vikuruvikuru vya Cikhristu vikaghanaghananga kuti ŵamishonale ŵa ku Europe ndiwo ŵalaŵilirenge ntchito yawo ya ku Indonesia.

Joseph Booth na kukhazikiska Zambesi Industrial Mission

Mbili ya Booth

Joseph Booth wakababikira mu Derby, England, mu 1852. Wakafumapo pa nyumba apo wakaŵa na vilimika 14 ndipo mu vyaka vyakulondezgapo wakasambira comene, ndipo ici cikamovwira kuti waŵe na maghanoghano ghakukhwaskana na ndyali, vya cuma, na vya mtende. Apo wakaŵa na vilimika 20, wakanjira tchalitchi la Baptist, ndipo mu 1872 wakatora. Mu 1880, Booth wakasamira ku Auckland, New Zealand, ndipo pamasinda ku Melbourne, Australia (1887) uko wakazgoka munthu wakwendeska bizinesi. Wakaŵa mu tchalitchi la Brighton Baptist Church, ndipo wakazgoka diakoni, ndipo wakaleka uteŵeti uwu na kwamba kupharazga mu misewu. Mu 1891, wakaguliska bizinesi yake na kwamba umishonale. Nangauli muwoli wake wakafwa, kweni wakafumako ku Australia pamoza na ŵana ŵake ŵaŵiri na kwamba uteŵeti wa umishonale mu Africa.

Booth wakapokera ndalama kufuma ku ŵanthu ŵa ku Britain kuti wakhazikiske gulu lakujiyimira paŵekha mu chigaŵa cha Britain ku Central Africa. Apo wakafikanga ku malo agha mu 1892 pamoza na mwana wake Emmy, wakaŵa na vilimika 40, ndipo wakaŵa mishonale wakujiyimira yekha. Wakadandawura chomene chifukwa cha kufwatuka kwa mpingo wa Presbyterian ku Scotland ku Blantyre kuzomera ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa kuŵa mamembala gha tchalitchi. Ŵaliska ŵa ku Africa ndiwo ŵakasambizganga ŵanthu aŵa kuti ŵachitenge ntchito iyi. Cilato cake cikaŵa ca kung'anamura waka ŵanthu yayi, kweni kuti waŵasambizge na kuŵawovwira kuti ŵaŵe na maluso gha vya cuma, mwakuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakang'anamuka mtima ŵalutilire kukura mu caru cawo na kovwira mpingo wa mu caru cawo. Booth wakalongosora makora kuti ŵanthu wose mbana ŵakwithu. Maufumu ghose agho wakambiska ghakakhozgeranga kuti ŵanthu wose ŵaŵe ŵakuyana.

Kuyambiska Ntchito Yakupharazga

Mu 1892, Booth wakamba ntchito yake kwambura malo panji nyumba, ndipo pakwamba wakaŵavya ŵanthu. Pakuti ofesi iyi yikakhumbikwiranga ndalama zinandi, Booth wakayiŵika kufupi na msika wa Blantyre. Nangauli ofesi ya ku Zambesi Industrial Mission yikambira mu 1892, kweni yikagura malo mu 1893 ndipo yikamba kugwiliskira ntchito nyumba zake mu 1894. Munthu yumoza pera wa ku Africa uyo wakapokera Certificates of Claim (Certificates of Claim) (iyo yikayananga na chiharo) pa malo agho ghakaŵa gha ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa, wakaŵa Kumtaja, uyo wakagura malo ghakukwana maekali 37,947 mu 1888 na 1891. Mu 1893 Kumtaja wakaguliska maekala 26,537 kwa Joseph Booth. Malo agha ndigho ghakaŵa malo gha 'Michiru Estate' gha Zambesi Industrial Mission agho ghakaŵa kufuma ku Mudi m'paka ku Likabula na likuru lake pa Mitsidi Station pachanya pa Sanjika Hill. Apo Booth wakafumanga mu 1897, wakapeleka malo agha ku wupu wakuwovwira ŵanthu awo ŵakendeskanga uteŵeti uwu.

Booth wakambaso kampani ya Nyassa Industrial Mission mu 1893 kufupi na Blantyre, iyo pamanyuma yikazgoka Evangelical Church of Malawi. Kufuma apo, wakambiska mpingo wa Baptist Industrial Mission mu 1895 kufupi na Ntcheu, ndipo mu vyaka vyakulondezgapo wakambiska panji kovwira mipingo yinyake, nga ni African Christian Union, British Christian Union, na British African Congress. Nangauli maofesi ghanyake agho wakambiska, kusazgapo la Zambesi Industrial Mission, ghacalipo mazuŵa ghano nga ni maofesi panji matchalitchi gha mu Malaŵi, kweni ghanyake ghakatondeka. Pamanyuma pakuti ŵaŵikapo maofesi agha, kanandi Booth wakakhala nawo nyengo yitali yayi, ntheura ŵakalutilira kuŵa na umoyo cifukwa ca kuyezgayezga kwawo. Ŵanyake ŵakatondeka cifukwa ca kusoŵa ndalama, masoka ghacilengiwa, panji ŵanthu ŵambura kukwana. Ndipouli, masuzgo ghanyake ghakafuma ku mauteciteci gha Booth, kusazgapo kuti wakaŵa wambura kwenjerwa ndiposo wakatondekanga kucita phangano na ŵanyawo.

The Mission under Booth’s leadership

Mu nyengo ya Booth, Zambesi Industrial Mission yikasambizganga comene za ulimi, comenecomene kulima khofi, uyo ukaŵa vyakurya vikuru ivyo ŵakaguliskanga ku Britain ku Central Africa m'paka apo mitengo ya khofi yikadukira mu 1905. Kweniso ŵakasambizgikanga maluso ghakupambanapambana. Mulimo uwu ukawovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa ŵakure mwauzimu, ndipo mu 1893 na 1894, Booth wakasangana na ŵalongozgi ŵa ku Scotland chifukwa chakuti ŵakakhumbanga kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakasambizgika Baibolo ŵaŵe na malipiro ghanandi. Booth ŵakamusanga na mulandu wa kulipira ŵantchito mashilingi 18 pa mwezi, apo malipiro ghakaŵa mashilingi 3, ndipo nyengo yinyake wakapelekanga mashilingi 45 kwa munthu uyo malipiro ghake ghakaŵa mashilingi 7 na masenti 6.

Nangauli Booth wakacita makora comene pa mulimo wake wa kupanga vinthu vya m'mafakitale, kweniso wakawona kuti mulimo wa ku Zambesi ukaŵa wakujiwovwira wekha, kweni mwaluŵiro ukaŵa pasi pa mawoko gha ŵamishonale ŵa ku Britain. Ivi vikawovwira kuti ŵamishonale ŵaŵiri ŵa ku Britain ŵasange ndalama zakukwana zakwendeskera ntchito iyi. Kufika mu 1896 mphindano za Booth na ŵamishonale ŵanyake pa vya ndalama, visambizgo na chomenechomene kujithemba kwa Africa vikamupangiska kuti waleke kwenderana na Zambesi Industrial Mission na Nyasa Industrial Mission.

Later Developments

Pamanyuma pakuti Booth wafumapo, Zambesi Industrial Mission yikakura comene mu vyaka vyakwambilira vya m'ma 1900. Pakwamba, likateŵeteranga yekha, kweni pamanyuma pa suzgo la khofi mu 1929, likateŵeteraso na ndalama zake yayi. Mu 1930, wupu wake wa ku Britain ukamazga mulimo wake wa ku Indonesia ndipo ukathembanga ndalama za Britain. Pamanyuma pa kusintha uku, ofesi iyi yikaghanaghaniranga comene vya mulimo wa uliska na kusambizga awo ŵakakhumbanga kuŵa ŵateŵeti ŵa Baibolo, kweni mu 1939 pera ndipo ŵakafumiskamo lizgu lakuti'makampani.'

Pa nyengo iyo Malaŵi wakapokera wanangwa mu 1964, boma liphya likamba kuchita milimo yinyake ya ku Zambesi Mission. Vinyake (makamaka matchalitchi na maofesi gha vyaumoyo) vikaŵa pasi pa mazaza gha tchalitchi la Zambezi Evangelical Church, ilo likaŵa kuti lasangika sonosono apa. Kufuma apo boma la Zimbabwe likapokera wanangwa, ofesi ya Zambesi Mission iyo yili ku UK, yikulutilira kovwira ZEC kufiska ntchito yake mu Africa. Ndipouli, mu 2010 pera ndipo ŵanthu ŵa ku Malawi ŵakimikika kuŵa ŵalongozgi ŵa pa malo (awo ŵakulaŵilira ntchito ya ku Africa) na ŵakunozga mapulojekiti.

Likulu la tchalitchi la Zambezi Evangelical Church lichali na zina lakuti Mitsidi kweni sono lili pafupi na muzi wa Sigelegi pamanyuma pakuti ofesi iyi yikasamukira ku malo ghanyake mu 1971 kuti kuŵe nyumba ya pulezidenti. Tchalitchi la Zambezi Evangelical Church likulutilira kuteŵetera Malawi kwizira mu matchalitchi, ma clinic na masukulu. Mu 2012, tchalitchi ili likaŵa na ŵaliska pafupifupi 150 ndipo likaŵa na mipingo yakujumpha 500. Wose pamoza na ZM, ŵakaŵa yumoza wa awo ŵakambiska ndipo ŵachali kukhozgera Evangelical Bible College of Malawi pakusambizga ŵaliska ŵake. Pa nyengo iyi, maungano gha tchalitchi ghakachitikanga kamoza pa vilimika viŵiri. Mu 2012, vikayowoyeka kuti mipingo yinandi ya Zambezi Evangelical Church yikakhumbanga kuti yiŵe yakujiyimira payekha kufuma ku ofesi yikuru ya ZEC ndipo yikapatukana nayo. Nkhani iyi yikaluta ku khoti ndipo mu 2015 khoti likadumura kuti ZEC ndiyo yili na wanangwa uwu. Gulu ilo likajipatura likati latondeka kulondezga ivyo khoti likadumura, pamanyuma pake likapika mulandu wa kuyuyura khoti.

Maukaboni ghanyake

• F D Walker, (1926) William Carey: Missionary Pioneer and Statesman, University of Michigan.
• W D Wilcox, (1913). The Need of Industrial Missions in Africa, The Biblical World, Vol. 41, No. 2.
• H W Langworthy III, (1986). Joseph Booth, Prophet of Radical Change in Central and South Africa, 1891-1915, Journal of Religion in Africa, Vol. 16, 1 *G. Shepperson and T. Price, (1958). Independent African. John Chilembwe and the Origins, Setting and Significance of the Nyasaland Native Rising of 1915. Edinburgh University Press
• K Fiedler, (1994) The Story of Faith Missions, OCMS, p. 53. ISBN 978-1-87034-518-7, enlarged 2nd edition: Klaus Fiedler, Interdenominational Faith Missions in Africa. Mzuzu: Mzuni Press, 2018.
• B Pachai, (1973). Land Policies in Malawi: An Examination of the Colonial Legacy, The Journal of African History Vol. 14. *Zambesi Mission https://web.archive.org/web/20190209231951/https://www.zambesimission.org/pages/ news10-11b.html
• Zambesi Mission http://www.zambesimission.org/pages/malawi.html
• Nyasa Times https://web.archive.org/web/20150321075339/http://www.nyasatimes.com/2012/09/30/malawi-council-of-churches-halt-zambezi-evangelical-break-up/