Peru
Appearance
Republic of Peru |
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Chiluso: "Firme y feliz por la unión" (Spanish) "Firm and Happy for the Union" |
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Nyimbo: "Himno Nacional del Perú" (Spanish) "National Anthem of Peru" |
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National seal Gran Sello del Estado (Spanish) Great Seal of the State |
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Msumba Waboma kweneso Msumba Usani | Lima | |||||
Chiyowoyelo chaboma | Spanish | |||||
Co-official languages | ||||||
Mitundu ya Ŵanthu (2017[lower-alpha 2]) |
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Vipembezo |
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Mwenecharu | Peruvian | |||||
Mtundu wa Boma | Unitary presidential republic[1][2] | |||||
- | President | Dina Boluarte | ||||
- | First Vice President | Vacant | ||||
- | Prime Minister | Alberto Otárola | ||||
- | President of Congress | José Williams | ||||
Independence from Spain | ||||||
- | Declared | 28 July 1821 | ||||
- | Consolidated | 9 December 1824 | ||||
- | Recognized | 14 August 1879 | ||||
Ukulu wa Malo | ||||||
- | Malo | 1,285,216 km2 (19th) 496,225 sq mi |
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- | Maji (%) | 0.41 | ||||
Chiŵelengelo cha ŵanthu | ||||||
- | 2023 estimate | 34,352,719[3] (45th) | ||||
- | Density | 23/km2 (198th) 57/sq mi |
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GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate | |||||
- | Total | $513.715 billion[4] (47th) | ||||
- | Per capita | $15,035[4] (96th) | ||||
GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate | |||||
- | Total | $240.346 billion[4] (52nd) | ||||
- | Per capita | $7,034[4] (94th) | ||||
Gini (2019) | 41.5[5] medium |
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HDI (2021) | 0.762[6] high ·84th |
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Ndalama | Peruvian sol (PEN ) |
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Mtundu Wanyengo | PET (UTC−5) | |||||
Kalembelo kasiku | dd/mm/yyyy (CE) | |||||
Woko la galimoto | right | |||||
ISO 3166 code | PE | |||||
Intaneti yacharu | .pe |
Peru ntchalo icho chili ku manjililo gha dazi gha kummwera kwa Amerika.
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- ↑ Shugart, Matthew Søberg (September 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns" (PDF). Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2008. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
- ↑ Shugart, Matthew Søberg (December 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns". French Politics. 3 (3): 323–351. doi:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087. ISSN 1476-3427. OCLC 6895745903.
Only in Latin America have all new democracies retained a pure presidential form, except for Peru (president-parliamentary) and Bolivia (assembly-independent).
- ↑ "DataBank - Population estimates and projections" (in English). The World Bank. 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Peru". International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
- ↑ "Gini Index". World Bank. Archived from the original on 7 May 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF) (in English). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.