Peru
| Republic of Peru |
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| Chiluso: "Firme y feliz por la unión" (Spanish) "Firm and Happy for the Union" |
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| Nyimbo: "Himno Nacional del Perú" (Spanish) "National Anthem of Peru" |
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National seal Great Seal of the State |
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| Msumba Waboma kweneso Msumba Usani | Lima | |||||
| Chiyowoyelo chaboma | Spanish | |||||
| Co-official languages | ||||||
| Mitundu ya Ŵanthu (2017[lower-alpha 2]) |
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| Vipembezo |
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| Mwenecharu | Peruvian | |||||
| Mtundu wa Boma | Unitary presidential republic[1][2] | |||||
| - | President | Dina Boluarte | ||||
| - | First Vice President | Vacant | ||||
| - | Prime Minister | Alberto Otárola | ||||
| - | President of Congress | José Williams | ||||
| Independence from Spain | ||||||
| - | Declared | 28 July 1821 | ||||
| - | Consolidated | 9 December 1824 | ||||
| - | Recognized | 14 August 1879 | ||||
| Ukulu wa Malo | ||||||
| - | Malo | 1,285,216 km2 (19th) 496,225 sq mi |
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| - | Maji (%) | 0.41 | ||||
| Chiŵelengelo cha ŵanthu | ||||||
| - | 2023 estimate | 34,352,719[3] (45th) | ||||
| - | Density | 23/km2 (198th) 57/sq mi |
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| GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate | |||||
| - | Total |  $513.715 billion[4] (47th) |
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| - | Per capita | $15,035[4] (96th) |
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| GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $240.346 billion[4] (52nd) |
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| - | Per capita | $7,034[4] (94th) |
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| Gini (2019) |  41.5[5]medium |
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| HDI (2021) | 0.762[6] high ·84th |
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| Ndalama | Peruvian sol (PEN) |
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| Mtundu Wanyengo | PET (UTC−5) | |||||
| Kalembelo kasiku | dd/mm/yyyy (CE) | |||||
| Woko la galimoto | right | |||||
| ISO 3166 code | PE | |||||
| Intaneti yacharu | .pe | |||||
Peru ntchalo icho chili ku manjililo gha dazi gha kummwera kwa Amerika.
| Sovereign states |
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| Dependencies | ||||||
Longola ivyo vyabudika: <ref> tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha", but no corresponding <references group="lower-alpha"/> tag was found
- ↑ Shugart, Matthew Søberg (September 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns" (PDF). Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2008. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
- ↑ Shugart, Matthew Søberg (December 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns". French Politics. 3 (3): 323–351. doi:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087. ISSN 1476-3427. OCLC 6895745903.
Only in Latin America have all new democracies retained a pure presidential form, except for Peru (president-parliamentary) and Bolivia (assembly-independent).
- ↑ "DataBank - Population estimates and projections" (in English). The World Bank. 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2023.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Peru". International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
- ↑ "Gini Index". World Bank. Archived from the original on 7 May 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF) (in English). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.