Dar es Salaam

Coordinates: 06°48′58″S 39°16′49″E / 6.81611°S 39.28028°E / -6.81611; 39.28028
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Kufuma Wikipedia
For the Egyptian city, see Dar El Salam. For the Southeast Asian country, see Brunei Darussalam. For other uses, see Dar al-Salam.

Dar es Salaam
Dar
City
From top; left to right: Aerial view of Dar es Salaam, City from MV Kigamboni, Tanzania National Stadium, Aerial view of Dar es Salaam Port
Dar es Salaam is located in Tanzania
Dar es Salaam
Dar es Salaam
Location of Dar es Salaam
Coordinates: 06°48′58″S 39°16′49″E / 6.81611°S 39.28028°E / -6.81611; 39.28028
Country Tanzania
ZoneCoastal Indian Ocean
Districts
List
Government
 • Regional CommissionerAmos Makalla
 • Lord MayorIsaya Mwita Charles
Area
[1]
 • Total1,493 km2 (576 sq mi)
 • Water0 km2 (0 sq mi)
Population
 (2022 census)
 • Total5,383,728
 • Density3,600/km2 (9,300/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+3 (EAT)
Postcode
11xxx
Area code022
HDI (2018)0.631
medium · 2nd
Websitedcc.go.tz

Dar es Salaam (kufumila ku Chiarabu: دَار السَّلَام, romanized: Dâr es-Selâm, lit. 'Malo gha Mtende') panji agho ghakumanyikwa na zina lakuti Dar, ni msumba ukuru chomene wa Tanzania. Ni msumba ukuru wa Dar es Salaam. Mu tawuni iyi muli ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 6 miliyoni. Msumba wa Dar es Salaam uli mumphepete mwa nyanja ya Swahili, ndipo ni msumba wakuzirwa comene pa nkhani ya vyachuma.[2]

Msumba uwu ukazengeka na Majid bin Said, themba lakwamba la Zanzibar, mu 1865 panji 1866. Msumba uwu ndiwo ukaŵa msumba ukuru wa vyamalonda wa German East Africa, Tanganyika, na Tanzania. Mu 1974, boma likadumura kuti likusamuskire msumba ukuru ku Dodoma.[3]

Dar es Salaam ni msumba wakuzirwa comene wa ku Tanzania pa nkhani za luso, mafashoni, vyakupharazga, mafilimu, ma TV, na vya ndalama. Ni msumba ukuru wa chigaŵa cha Dar es Salaam, umoza wa vigaŵa 31 vya Tanzania, ndipo uli na vigaŵa vinkhondi: Kinondoni kumpoto; Ilala pakati; Ubungo na Temeke kumwera; na Kigamboni kumafumiro gha dazi kusirya kwa mlonga wa Kurasini.

Mbiri

Wonani vinandi: Mbiri ya Zanzibar
Image of the Port of Dar es Salaam from the book Von Unseren Kolonien by Ottomar Beta in the year 1908

Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800, Mzizima (ilo mu Ciswahili likung'anamura "msumba uwemi") likaŵa muzi wa ŵalovi uwo ukaŵa mumphepete mwa nyanja ya Indian Ocean. Mu 1865 panji 1866, Sultan Majid bin Said wa ku Zanzibar wakamba kuzenga msumba uphya kufupi na Mzizima ndipo wakawuthya Dar es Salaam. Zina ili likufuma ku lizgu la Chiarabic lakuti "malo gha mtende", kufuma ku dar ("nyumba"), na es salaam ("mtende"). Dar es Salaam yikamba kunangika mu 1870, Majid wakati wafwa, kweni yikambaso kugwira ntchito mu 1887 apo kampani ya German East Africa Company yikakhazikiska siteshoni mu msumba uwu. Kukula kwa tawuni iyi kukapangika cifukwa cakuti yikaŵa malo ghakulongozgera na kuguliska vinthu mu German East Africa, kweniso yikakura comene cifukwa ca kuzenga Central Railway Line mu ma 1900.

Mu Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose, ŵasilikari ŵa Britain na ŵa Ufumu ŵakakora caru ca German East Africa. Pa Julayi 21, 1916, ŵasilikari ŵa Royal Navy ŵakamba kuwukira msumba uwu na sitima ya Mersey. Pa Seputembala 3, boma la Germany likapeleka msumba uwu. Chigaŵa cha German East Africa chikazgoka British Tanganyika Territory.

Dar es Salaam ndiyo yikaŵa msumba ukuru wa boma kweniso wa malonda. Ku Britain, ŵanthu ŵa ku Europe nga ni Oyster Bay na ŵanthu ŵa ku Africa (nga ni Kariakoo na Ilala) ŵakakhalanga kutali na msumba uwu. Mu tawuni iyi mukaŵaso ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakufuma ku Britain ku India, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakizanga kuzakachita malonda. Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Caru Cose yikati yamara, Dar es Salaam yikakura comene.

Dar es Salaam mu ma 1930, pamoza na Boma wakale na St. Tchalitchi la Joseph likuwoneka makora

Vinthu vya ndyali ivyo vikacitika, kusazgapo umo gulu la Tanganyika African National Union likapangikira na kukura, vikapangiska kuti Tanganyika wapoke wanangwa wake mu Disembala 1961. Dar es Salaam wakalutilira kuŵa msumba ukuru wa charu ichi nanga ni apo Tanganyika na Zanzibar vikasazgikana mu 1964. Mu 1973, ŵakapanga ndondomeko yakuti likuru la caru ici lisamire ku Dodoma, msumba uwo uli pakati pa caru. Ntchito ya kusamukira ku Dodoma yikamara, nangauli maofesi ghanandi gha boma ghakaŵa ku Dar es Salaam.

Mu 1967, boma la Tanzania likapharazga fundo ya ujamaa, iyo yikapangiska kuti charu cha Tanzania chiŵe na maghanoghano gha kusopa ndyali. Ivi vikapangiska kuti msumba uwu uleke kukura makora chifukwa boma likachiskanga ŵanthu kuti ŵaleke kusamukira mu misumba. Kuzakafika m'ma 1980, ndondomeko iyi yikatondeka kulimbana na ukavu na njara ivyo vikaŵa mu Tanzania. Ivi vikapangiska kuti mu vyaka vya m'ma 1980 mu Tanzania muŵe ndondomeko ya kulekeska vinthu vinyake ivyo vikapangiska kuti chisopa chautesi chimare.

M'paka kuumaliro wa m'ma 1990, Dar es Salaam wakawonekanga kuti wakuyana yayi na misumba yikuru ya mu Africa nga ni Cairo, Nairobi, Johannesburg, Lagos, panji Addis Ababa. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 2000, mabizinesi ghakajura na kukura; mulimo wa kuzenga ukakura, ndipo kukaŵa nyumba ziphya za matayala ghanandi, misewu na misewu; mabanki gha ku Tanzania agho ghakaŵa mu tawuni iyi ghakaŵa na malango ghawemi; ndipo Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange yikakura. Doko ili likumanyikwa chomene chifukwa cha malonda agho ghakuchitika pakati pa vyaru nga ni Rwanda, Burundi, Zambia, na chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa charu cha Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu tawuni iyi muli nyumba zikuruzikuru, nga ni PSPF Tower (iyo yikamara kuzengeka mu 2015) na Tanzania Ports Authority (TPA), iyo njitali chomene mu charu ichi (iyo yikamara kuzengeka mu 2016).[4]

Makhalilo

Dar es Salaam yili pa 6°48' S, 39°17' E (−6.8000, 39.2833),[5] ku malo ghanyake ku East Africa, malo agha ghali na mchenga.

Madera gha Dar es Salaam

Wonani vinandi: Regions of Tanzania and Districts of Tanzania

Chigaŵa cha Dar es Salaam chili na vigaŵa vinkhondi, ndipo vigaŵa vinayi vikulongozgeka na maboma agho ghakukolerana na mizi yinyake. Mulara wa chigaŵa ni Aboubakar Kunenge.

Madera gha Dar es Salaam Region
Boma Population
(2016)[6]: 7  		Area
(km2)
Ilala District 1,528,489 210
Kigamboni District 1,510,129 N/A
Kinondoni District 1,164,177 527
Temeke District 204,029 656
Ubungo District 1,058,597 N/A
Dar es Salaam Region 5,465,420 1,393

Kinondoni

Chigaŵa cha Kinondoni ndicho chili na ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene. Mu tawuni iyi ndimo muli ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene kweniso ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake.

Coco, mumphepete mwa nyanja ya Indian Ocean
  • Masaki, Oyster Bay, na Ada Estate ni malo gha ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala ku malo agha. Mu nyengo ya Ŵakoloni, malo agha ghakaŵa ghakuzirwa chomene ku Europe. Ŵadipulomatesi na ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakukhala mu vyaru vinyake ŵakukhala mu vigaŵa ivi. Mphepete mwa nyanja ya Oyster Bay (iyo yikumanyikwaso na zina lakuti Coco Beach) ndiyo njumoza pera uwo uli kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Kinondoni.
  • Mikocheni na Regent Estate nawo ni mizi yapafupi na tawuni iyi. Kuyana na kalembera wa 2012, chigaŵa cha Mikocheni chikaŵa na ŵanthu 32,947.[7]:page 75
Kuwona Msasani Bay kufuma ku Masaki
  • Msasani ni cigaŵa ico cili kumpoto ca kumafumiro gha dazi kwa msumba uwu ndipo kuli ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakufuma ku United Kingdom na vyaru vinyake vya kumanjiliro gha dazi. Mu nyumba iyi muli mashopu ghakupambanapambana na malo ghakusungirako vinthu gha ku vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi.
  • Mbezi Beach ni malo agho ghali mumphepete mwa nyanja. Mu tawuni iyi muli mahotelo ghanandi, nyumba zakukhalamo, na malo ghakucitira maseŵero gha kugwedera mu mphepo.
  • Mbezi Beach ni malo agho ghali mumphepete mwa nyanja. Mu tawuni iyi muli mahotelo ghanandi, nyumba zakukhalamo, na malo ghakucitira maseŵero gha kugwedera mu mphepo.

Ilala

Mu chigaŵa cha Ilala muli maofesi ghose gha boma, maofesi gha munthavi, na chigaŵa cha Central Business District. Ni malo ghakulongozgako ŵanthu mu msumba uwu, pakuti Julius Nyerere International Airport, Central Railway Station na Tazara Railway Station vyose vili mukati mwa chigaŵa ichi. Vigaŵa ivi ni vya ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala na ndalama zinandi.

Chipilala cha Askari icho chili mu Samora Avenue chikulongora msumba wa Dar es Salaam, mu chigaŵa cha Ilala.
  • Upanga na Kisutu ni malo agho ŵanthu ŵa ku Asia ŵakukhala chomene mu Dar es Salaam. Mu vigaŵa ivi muli nyumba za ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu nyengo ya makoloni, na nyumba zikuruzikuru zakuzengeka mu nthowa za ku India, Arabia, na Europe. Upanga wali kugaŵika mu Upanga East na Upanga West.
  • Kariakoo ni malo ghakuguliskirako vinthu mu msumba uwu. Msika wa Kariakoo ndiwo wekha uli pasi pa charu. Ni malo agho ŵanthu wose ŵa ku Dar es Salaam ŵakurya vyakurya.
  • Matawuni gha Tabata, Segerea, na Ukonga ghali kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa msumba uwu.
  • Mu tawuni ya Ilala, iyo yili kufupi na msumba, muli ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakukhala na vigeŵenga.

Temeke

Temeke ni cigaŵa ca nambara vinkhondi mu msumba uwu, umo muli vyakupangira (vyakuzenga vizito na vyakupangiska vinthu vyambura kunono). Kumafumiro gha dazi kuli dowoko la Dar es Salaam, ilo ndikulu comene mu caru ici. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakugomezga kuti msumba wa Temeke ndiwo uli na ŵanthu ŵachoko chomene awo ŵakukhala mu tawuni iyi. Mu msumba uwu muli ŵasilikari, ŵapolisi, na ŵantchito ŵa pa dowoko.

  • Kurasini, located on the harbour, contains Dar es Salaam Port, the Police College, the Mgulani Police Barracks and the Dar es Salaam International Trade Fair grounds. The main residents are police officers and port officials.
Mlatho wa Kigamboni usiku
  • Chang'ombe njimoza mwa malo ghachoko waka gha Temeke agho ghali na ndalama zinandi. Charu ichi chikalutilira kuŵa na mazaza chifukwa cha ŵalaraŵalara ŵa ku Africa awo ŵakateŵeteranga mu vyaru vinyake kweniso ŵantchito ŵanyake awo ŵakaŵako mu nyengo iyo. Ku Chang'ombe kuli sukulu ya Dar es Salaam University College of Education, National Stadium na Uhuru Stadium.
  • Temeke, Mtoni, Tandika, Kijichi, na Mbagala ni mizi iyo ŵanthu ŵakukhalamo mbachoko chomene.

Ubungo

Malo gha Ubungo ghakukolerana na misumba yinandi ya ku Dar es Salaam. Ku malo agha ndiko kukafuma njanji ya m'mphepete mwa tawuni iyo yikwenda m'paka pakati pa msumba.

Chigaŵa ichi chili na ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakutemwa vinthu vyachuma nga ni mafakitale nga ni Urafiki textile industry, bus station, na maofesi na mayunivesite ghanyake nga ni National Institute of Transportation (NIT).

Kigamboni

Mu msumba wa Kigamboni (uno ukuchemekaso South Beach), uwo uli mumphepete mwa nyanja, muli ŵanthu ŵanandi. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakwenda pa boti para ŵakuluta ku chigaŵa ichi.

Nyengo

Mu Dar es Salaam muli nyengo yakuzizima, ndipo nyengo yake yikuthukira comene cifukwa cakuti yili kufupi na equator na nyanja ya Indian Ocean. Malo agha ghali na mphepo yakuzizima na yakuzizima. Mvula iyo yikulokwa pa chaka ni pafupifupi 1,100 mm, ndipo mu chaka chilichose pali nyengo ziŵiri za vula: "mvula yitali" mu Epulero na Meyi, na "mvula yifupi" mu Novembala na Disembala.

Climate data for Dar es Salaam
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 35.0
(95.0) 		35.2
(95.4) 		35.0
(95.0) 		35.0
(95.0) 		32.9
(91.2) 		33.0
(91.4) 		31.8
(89.2) 		31.9
(89.4) 		33.8
(92.8) 		33.7
(92.7) 		34.0
(93.2) 		34.5
(94.1) 		35.2
(95.4)
Average high °C (°F) 31.8
(89.2) 		32.4
(90.3) 		32.1
(89.8) 		30.7
(87.3) 		29.8
(85.6) 		29.3
(84.7) 		28.9
(84.0) 		29.4
(84.9) 		30.3
(86.5) 		30.9
(87.6) 		31.4
(88.5) 		31.6
(88.9) 		30.7
(87.3)
Average low °C (°F) 23.5
(74.3) 		23.3
(73.9) 		22.8
(73.0) 		22.4
(72.3) 		21.3
(70.3) 		19.2
(66.6) 		18.2
(64.8) 		18.1
(64.6) 		18.4
(65.1) 		19.7
(67.5) 		21.3
(70.3) 		22.8
(73.0) 		20.9
(69.6)
Record low °C (°F) 18.1
(64.6) 		18.4
(65.1) 		19.6
(67.3) 		19.6
(67.3) 		16.2
(61.2) 		14.4
(57.9) 		13.7
(56.7) 		12.8
(55.0) 		14.3
(57.7) 		15.8
(60.4) 		17.6
(63.7) 		18.8
(65.8) 		12.8
(55.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 76.3
(3.00) 		54.9
(2.16) 		138.1
(5.44) 		254.2
(10.01) 		197.8
(7.79) 		42.9
(1.69) 		25.6
(1.01) 		24.1
(0.95) 		22.8
(0.90) 		69.3
(2.73) 		125.9
(4.96) 		117.8
(4.64) 		1,149.7
(45.26)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) 7 4 11 18 13 5 4 4 3 5 8 9 91
Average relative humidity (%) 77 76 80 84 81 78 77 76 75 76 78 78 79
Mean monthly sunshine hours 235.6 223.2 213.9 156.0 213.9 222.0 223.2 266.6 252.0 275.9 252.0 241.8 2,776.1
Mean daily sunshine hours 7.6 7.9 6.9 5.2 6.9 7.4 7.2 8.6 8.4 8.9 8.4 7.8 7.6
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[8]
Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes, humidity, and sun)[9]
Kuwona malo gha Dar es Salaam, agho ghakulongora msumba (Posta) na malo ghanyake

Kusintha kwa nyengo

Buku linyake la mu 2019 ilo likalembeka mu magazini ya PLOS One likati para vinthu vyasintha pa nyengo ya 2100, Dar es Salaam mu 2050 yizamuŵa nga ni Barquisimeto ku Venezuela. Ndipo mu myezi yakotcha chomene, ungweru ungakhira na 0.18°F. Kuyana na Climate Action Tracker, nyengo iyo vinthu vikusintha yikukolerana na 2.7 °C (4.9 °F).

Mwakusazgirapo, kuyana na lipoti laciŵiri la IPCC la mu 2022, Dar es Salaam ndi umoza wa misumba yikuruyikuru 12 ya mu Africa (Abidjan, Alexandria, Algiers, Cape Town, Casablanca, Dakar, Dar es Salaam, Durban, Lagos, Lomé, Luanda na Maputo) iyo yikhwaskikenge comene na kukwera kwa nyanja. Likuti para vyafika mu chaka cha 2050, maboma agha ghazamusuzgika ndalama zakukwana madola 65 biliyoni gha ku United States mu ndondomeko ya RCP 4.5 na madola 86.5 biliyoni gha ku United States mu ndondomeko ya RCP 8.5 ya kuphulika kwa vinthu vinandi. Kweniso, RCP 8.5 yikukolerana na masuzgo agho ghakuŵapo chifukwa cha kusunkhunyika kwa maji gha mu nyanja pa nyengo ya kutenthema kukuru, ndipo yingapangiska kuti paŵe vimbundi vyakukwana madola 137.5 biliyoni, apo kughanaghanira "vinthu ivyo vingachitika mwamabuchi na kunanga vinthu vinandi" kungasazgirako ngozi zose kufika pa madola 187 biliyoni pa nyengo ya RCP4.5 "yapakati". Pakuti nyanja zikukwera kwa vyaka pafupifupi 10,000 para vinthu vyasintha pa nyengo iyi, ndipo kunthazi vinthu vikwenda makora yayi.[10]

Boma

Malo gha Ungano gha Julius Nyerere ku Kivukoni
Wonaniso: Mndandanda wa ma meya gha Dar es Salaam

Mu 1979 mu magazini yake ya A Modern History of Tanganyika, John Iliffe wakalemba kuti: "Mu 1949 tawuni iyi yikazgoka tawuni...[ndipo] pakaŵa ŵabali ŵanayi awo ŵakasankhanga meya". Buku linyake (Associational Life in African Cities: Popular Responses to the Urban Crisis) ilo likalembeka mu 2001, likuti: "Kufika mu Juni 1996, Dar es Salaam likaŵa pasi pa boma la Dar es Salaam City Council. Kuyambira mu 2017, Paul Makonda akugwira ntchito ngati Commissioner wa Dar es Salaam Region.

Ŵanthu

Urban area

Msumba wa Dar es Salaam ndiwo uli na ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene mu Tanzania. Mu 2020, ŵanthu ŵakukwana 6.4 miliyoni.

Pa kalembera uyo wakachitika mu 2012, mu tawuni iyi mukaŵa ŵanthu 4,364,541. Pa ciŵelengero ca mbumba, ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu nyumba za ŵanthu ŵekha ŵakaŵa 3.9, ndipo pa ciŵelengero ca caru cose ŵakaŵa 4.7. Ŵakukwana hafu yayi ya ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu msumba uwu ndiwo ŵakaŵa ŵakutora panji kutengwa. Mu tawuni iyi, ŵanthu 96 pa 100 ŵalipo awo ŵakumanya kuŵazga na kulemba. Pakati pa 2002 na 2012, chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu mu tawuni iyi chikakura chomene pa charu chose.

Ŵanthu ŵakujumpha vigaŵa vitatu pa vigaŵa vinayi vya msumba uwu ŵakukhala mu malo ghambura kuzengeka. Mu 2018, Dar es Salaam yikasanga 0.631 pa Human Development Index (HDI). Kufuma waka mu 1992, chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala mu tawuni iyi chikukwera chaka chilichose.

Dar es Salaam ni msumba waciŵiri uwo ukukura mwaluŵiro comene pa caru, ndipo unandi wa ŵanthu uzamuŵa pa 13.4 miliyoni mu 2035. Ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu msumba uwu ŵakaŵa 20,000 mu 1900, 93,000 mu 1957 na 273,000 mu 1967.[11]

Census year Population[12]
1978 843,090
1988 1,360,850
2002 2,487,288
2012 4,364,541
2022 5,383,728

Chuma na vinthu vinyake

The Bank of Tanzania

Dar es Salaam ni msumba wakuzirwa comene wa ku Tanzania. Mu tawuni iyi, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuguliskana vinthu, ŵakupanga vinthu vinyake, kweniso ŵakupanga vinthu vinyake. Mu tawuni iyi muli mabungwe ghachoko waka, ndipo ghanandi mwa mabungwe agha ni gha ŵamalonda awo ŵali kufuma ku Middle East na ku India.

Chigaŵa cha Dar es Salaam Central Business District ndicho ntchikuru chomene mu Tanzania ndipo chili na vigaŵa vya Kisutu, Kivukoni, Upanga na Kariakoo. Malo agha ghali mu chigaŵa cha Ilala. Ku Kivukoni kuli Banki yikuru ya Tanzania, Banki ya Tanzania, Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange na msika wakuzirwa wa somba wa Magogoni. Mu Kisutu muli maofesi na maofesi, ndipo muli siteshoni ya sitima ya Dar es Salaam, PSPF Towers, na TPA Tower.

Dar es Salaam yili na nyumba zakukwana 35 za PSPF Twin Towers.[13] Msumba uwu uli na masuzgo ghakuru pa nkhani ya vyakuzenga, kusazgapo nthowa zakwendeskera magalimoto izo zindafike pa nyengo yake, kweniso nyengo zinyake ŵanthu ŵakugwiliskira ntchito makora magesi.

Ntchito za ndalama

Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE) ndiyo ni msika wakwamba mu caru ici.

Kuguliska

Mu Dar es Salaam muli malo gha Mlimani City, City Mall mu Kisutu, Quality Center Mall, GSM Pugu Shopping Mall, GSM Msasani Mall, na Dar Free Market Mall.

Mayendelo

The new Magufuli Bus Terminal at Mbezi Luis.
The Dar Rapid Transit (DART) is a bus-based mass-transit system connecting the suburbs of Dar es Salaam to the central business district.
A ship entering the Port of Dar es Salaam
The MV Kigamboni ferries run between southeast Kivukoni to northwest Kigamboni in southeast Dar es Salaam.
TAZARA Dar es Salaam Station
SGR station (blue), as well as the old station, and the new SGR channel
Chiŵanja cha Julius Nyerere International Airport, Dar es Salaam

Ku Dar es Salaam, uko kuli dowoko lakunjilira ku nyanja ya Indian Ocean, ndiko kuli nthowa zikuruzikuru izo zikwendeskera vinthu mu charu cha Tanzania.

Local public transport

Mabasi ghakurughakuru gha mabasi (dala dala) ndigho ghakwendeskeka comene mu Dar es Salaam ndipo kanandi ghakusangika pa malo ghakuru gha mabasi gha Makumbusho, Ubungo na malo ghanyake mu msumba uwu. Ndipouli, kufuma waka apo ŵanthu ŵakambira kwenda pa muthuthuthu wakuchemeka "bodaboda", ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutemwa kwenda pa muthuthuthu uwu. Mitundu yinyake ya mitundu iyi ni njinga zamoto na bajaj (ma rickshaw).

Bus

Boma la Dar es Salaam likwendeska mabasi gha pasi pa mtunda (mendo kasi mu Chiswahili). Mabasi gha metro ghakulongozgeka na UDA-RT, gulu ilo likukolerana na boma.

UDA-RT yikamalizga mulimo wa kunozga basi izo zikwenda mwaluŵiro. Cigaŵa cakwamba cikufuma ku Kimara kumpoto ca kumafumiro gha dazi mpaka ku Kivukoni kumpoto kwa dowoko. Ndondomeko yakwamba yikapelekeka na Banki ya Caru Cose, Banki ya vya Vyakusazgirako ya ku Africa na boma la Tanzania.[14]

Metro

Dar es Salaam yizamuŵa na sitima ya pasi pa mtunda, iyo pasono yikulembeka na Mota-Engil na Dar Rapid Transit Agency.

Maritime transport

Port

Doko la Dar es Salaam ndilo ndakutangwanika comene mu Tanzania, ndipo likupeleka katundu wakukwana 90 peresenti. Ili mu chigaŵa cha Kurasini mu chigaŵa cha Temeke kumwera cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa chigaŵa cha bizinesi cha msumba. Chifukwa cha katundu uyo wakusangika mwaluŵiro, ŵakazenga dowoko liphya ku Bagamoyo, ilo lili pa mtunda wa makilomita 60 kumpoto cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Dar es Salaam..[15]

Ferry

Ngalaŵa za MV Kigamboni zikwenda pakati pa kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Kivukoni na kumpoto ca kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Kigamboni mu Dar es Salaam.[16]

Railway

Dar es Salaam commuter rail

Mu tawuni iyi muli njanji za Dar es Salaam.

Intra-city railway

Tanzania Railways ikugwira ntchito pa Central Line kuchokera ku Dar es Salaam kumadzulo mpaka Kigoma.

International railway

Mu tawuni iyi muli ofesi yikuru ya Tanzania-Zambia Railways Authority (TAZARA) iyo yikazengeka m'ma 1960 m'paka m'ma 1970. Chipatala chikuru chili kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa chigaŵa cha Dar es Salaam kumpoto kwa Yombo Vituka mumphepete mwa Nelson Mandela Road. Sitima ya TAZARA yikusazga Dar es Salaam na Zambia.

SGR

Tanzania Standard Gauge Railway ni siteshoni yiphya iyo yikuzengeka. Yizamujintha caru ici ku Rwanda, Uganda, Burundi na Congo.9

Airport

Ndege ya Julius Nyerere International Airport ndiyo ni ndege yikuru chomene mu charu ichi. Malo ghakukwelera ndege ghatatu ghali ku Kipawa mu Ilala Municipality. Malo agha ghali kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa msumba wa Dar es Salaam.

Culture

Wonaniso: Culture of Tanzania

Art

The main gate of Nyumba ya Sanaa, with decorations by Tanzanian sculptor George Lilanga

Kavwaliro ka Tingatinga kakafuma ku Dar es Salaam. Nyumba ya sanaa ("House of Art") ni malo ghakusungirako vinthu vya ku Tanzania, ndipo yikulongosora na kukhozga luso la ŵanthu ŵa ku Tanzania. George Lilanga, munthu wakumanyikwa comene wa ku Tanzania, wakapeleka milimo yake ku malo agha.

Music

A traditional African dance in Dar es Salaam

Sumu za ku Dar es Salaam zili na mitundu yakupambanapambana. Sumu izo ŵanthu ŵakutemwa chomene ni izo ŵanthu ŵakulizga pa nyengo iyo ŵakukhala. Taarab, uyo wakaŵa wakumanyikwa comene mu Zanzibar nayo wali kusanga malo. Ndipouli, likukhalilira lichoko pakuyaniska na sumu za kuvina na "Bongo Flava", gulu likuru ilo likwimira sumu za ku Tanzania za hip hop na rhythm and blues izo zazgoka sumu zakutchuka chomene. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakutemwa sumu za rap. Sumu za cikaya izo zikuzunulika mu ciyowoyero ici, zikulutilira kwimbika, kweni kanandi pa viphikiro vya mbumba nga ni maukwati.

Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1970, Unduna wa Vyakurya na Umoyo wa Ŵawukirano ukakhumbanga kuti pa charu chose paŵe sumu. Dar es Salaam yikazgoka msumba wakuzirwa comene wa sumu mu Tanzania. Chifukwa cha maghanoghano gha ujamaa (mbumba) agho ghakalongozganga maluso gha ŵanthu na sumu, ŵanthu ŵakakolerana, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti kulondezgana na maluso gha hip hop kuŵepo. Kwa vyaka vinandi, wayilesi ya ku Dar es Salaam yikawovwira comene pakupharazga sumu, cifukwa ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵalije TV.

Tourism

National Museum of Tanzania
Beach on the peninsula of Kigamboni, Dar es Salaam

DAr es Salaam yili na malo ghaŵiri pa malo ghankhondi agho ghakukolerana na National Museum of Tanzania, agho ni National Museum na Makumbusho Cultural Centre & Village Museum. Nyumba ya National Museum njakupeleka ku mbiri ya Tanzania; chomenechomene, yikulongora viwangwa vya Paranthropus boisei ivyo vikaŵa pakati pa ivyo Louis Leakey wakasanga ku Olduvai. Mu 2016, ku Northern Tanzania, wasayansi munyake wa pa Yunivesite ya Dar es Salaam wakasanga vikhuŵazgo vya ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵako kale chomene pambere ŵanthu ŵandababike. Makumbusho Cultural Centre & Village Museum, iyo yili ku mphepete mwa tawuni iyi pa msewu wakuya ku Bagamoyo, yikulongora nyumba za ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yakupambanapambana 16. Paliso viyelezgero vya ŵanthu awo ŵakulima, kweniso ŵakwimba sumu na kuvina. Kufupi na Nyumba Yakusungiramo Vinthu Vyachilendo kuli minda ya vyakumera iyo yili na makuni na vyakumera vya mu vyaru vyamuthondo.

Ku mpoto kwa Dar es Salaam, ku Msasani Peninsula, na kumwera kwa Kigamboni kuli maboma gha nyanja. Ungakafika pa cirwa ca Bongoyo na boti kufuma pa Msasani Slipway.

Ma jotchelo

Nyumba ya Katolika ya St. Joseph. Cikristu ndico cisopa cikuru comene mu Tanzania.[17]

Mu tawuni iyi muli matchalitchi ghanandi na masisiteri. Mipingo ya mu msumba uwu yili mu visopa vyakupambanapambana; nga ni Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dar es Salaam (Chisopa cha Katolika), Anglican Church of Tanzania (Anglican Communion), Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania (Lutheran World Federation), Baptist Convention of Tanzania (Baptist World Alliance), na Assemblies of God.

Chisopa cha Chisilamu ndicho ntchikuru chomene mu Dar es Salaam.[18]

Maseŵera

Stadium

Dar es Salaam ni msumba wakuzirwa comene wa vyamaseŵero mu Tanzania. Mu msumba uwu ndimo muli sitediyamu yaciŵiri yikuru comene mu vyaru vya kumafumiro gha dazi na ca pakati pa Africa.

Aerial view of the Tanzania National Main Stadium, with the Kurasini estuary in the background

Association football

Sitediyamu ya Tanzania National Stadium yikupokelera magulu gha mpira gha ku Dar es Salaam: Young Africans na Simba. Kweniso yikunozga maseŵero gha vyalo vinyake vya ku Tanzania. Boma la Morocco likukhumba kuti ku Dodoma kuŵe sitediyamu yiphya ya ŵanthu ŵanandi.

Padera pa National Stadium, mu tawuni iyi muli malo ghanyake ghaŵiri: Uhuru Stadium, Karume Memorial Stadium na Chamazi Stadium. Sitediyamu ya Uhuru yikugwiliskirika nchito comene pa viphikiro na maungano gha ndyali, apo Sitediyamu ya Karume Memorial yili kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Kurasini ndipo ndiko kuli wupu wa Tanzania Football Federation. Malo gha Azam Complex Chamazi nga Azam Football Club.

Golf

Malo gha gofu gha Gymkhana agho ghali kumpoto ca kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa chigaŵa cha Kivukoni (pakati pa msumba uwo ukulaŵiska kumafumiro gha dazi kwa nyanja ya Indian Ocean na Barack Obama Drive), ghali na malo gha tenesi, squash, na malo gha maseŵero. Kunja kwa chigaŵa ichi kuli malo ghakuchemeka Lugalo Military Golf Course agho ghali ku Lugalo Military Barracks.

Acrobatics

Sukulu ya Mama Africa, iyo yikambika mu 2003, yikumanyikwa kuti yikusambizga ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakuchita maseŵero gha maseŵero gha ku Africa.[19]

Boxing

Ku Tanzania, maseŵero gha nkhonya ghakumanyikwa chomene, ndipo ku Dar es Salaam, ŵakuchitiska viphikiro vinandi vya nkhonya. Muviŵala waku Tanzania Francis Checka ndiyo ni nkhwantha ya World Boxing Federation (WBF).

Media

Newspapers

File:TTCL Downtown Posta Dar Es Salaam.jpg
The head office of Tanzania Telecommunications Company Ltd at Extelecom Building in Samora Avenue, east of Kisutu

Ku Dar es Salaam, ŵanthu ŵakuguliska manyuzipepara kanandi ŵakwenda mu misewu. Manyuzipepara gha Cingelezi agho ghali pa Intaneti ni The Citizen na The Guardian. Kweniso pali manyuzipepara gha Chiswahili gha Tanzania Daima na Mwananchi. Business Times ni nyuzipepara yimoza pera ya vya ndalama na vyachuma mu msumba uwu. Business Times ndiyo yili na Majira, nyuzipepara yinyake ya Ciswahili.

Television stations

Dar es Salaam ndi kwawo kwa ITV, Sibuka, Channel Ten Television Station (kale Dar es Salaam Television [DTV]) ndi Azam TV, ntchito yolembetsa kuchokera ku gulu la makampani a Azam.

Siteshoni ya TV Ayo TV yili ku Ubungo, Dar es Salaam, nga ni Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation.

Internet access

Nyumba yakuyana na ngalaŵa ya ofesi yikuru ya Airtel Tanzania mu Dar es Salaam

Mu 2009, pakapangika chingwe chakuchemeka Trans-Indian Ocean Backbone Cable (SEACOM) ndipo ichi chapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Dar es Salaam na ku East Africa wose ŵasange Intaneti. Ndipouli, pasono ŵanthu ŵakugwiliskira nchito luŵiro yayi. Mafoni agho ghakupelekeka na kampani ya Tanzania Telecommunications Company Limited ghali na ndalama zinandi yayi, ndipo pakukhumbikwa ndalama zinandi kuti ŵantchito ŵachokoŵachoko ŵa pa Intaneti ŵagure bandwidth. Cakulinga ca uthenga wa SEACOM nchakuti ŵanthu ŵa ku East Africa ŵasange ndalama zinandi cifukwa ca malonda gha pa Intaneti.

Mu tawuni iyi muli malo gha Internet cafes, ndipo pa maofesi gha boma na maboma ghanyake, kweniso pa nthowa za msewu, pali Intaneti yaulere.

Kugwiliskira ntchito foni pa Intaneti pa 3G na 3.75G nchakudura comene, kweni 4G yikufika mu misumba yikuruyikuru mu 2015.

Radio

Siteshoni yakwamba ya wayilesi ya Dar es Salaam yikamba kugwira ntchito mu ma 1950, ndipo yikaŵa na "viŵiya vichoko waka kuluska maikolofoni na bulangete ilo likaŵa pa chiliŵa"... Edward Twining ndiyo wakalaŵiliranga mulimo uwu.[20]

Environment

Kwamba m'ma 1990, Dar es Salaam yili na maji ghanandi chifukwa cha vula zinandi. Msumba uwu uli pafupi chomene na maji chifukwa uli mumphepete mwa nyanja ndipo mlonga wa Msimbazi ukujumpha mu msumba uwu. Vinthu vyafika paheni comene cifukwa ca kusintha kwa mphepo na kuthandazgika kwa misewu ya mu misumba.

Mu 2019, ŵanthu 1,215 ŵakachimbira kwawo chifukwa cha kututuka kwa maji. Mu chaka cha 2017 m'paka 2018, mu msumba uwu mukaŵa maji ghanandi. Wupu wa World Bank ukuti ŵanthu pafupifupi 2 miliyoni panji kuti 39 peresenti ya ŵanthu ŵa ku Dar es Salaam ŵakakhwaskika na maji. Maji ghakututuka ghakunanga milatho na misewu, ghakutimbanizga mendero, kusazgirako ulwari nga ni kolera na matenda gha pa thupi, kweniso ghakutondeska kuti ukavu uchepe.[21]

Education

Mu tawuni ya Dar es Salaam ndimo muli masukulu ghanandi gha ku Tanzania.

Universities

Nkrumah Hall at the University of Dar es Salaam
  • Yunivesite ya Dar es Salaam ndi yunivesite yakale kwambiri komanso yachiwiri yayikulu kwambiri ku Tanzania pambuyo pa University of Dodoma. Ili ku chigaŵa cha kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa msumba wa Ubungo, ndipo lili na malo ghakukwana maekala 1,625 (6.58 km2) pa Observation Hill, 13 km (8 mi) kufuma ku msumba. Pa yunivesite iyi pali ŵana ŵa sukulu 16,400 na ŵana ŵa sukulu 2,700 awo ŵakusambira masambiro ghapachanya.[22]
  • Yunivesite ya Ardhi (ARU) yikakhazikiskika pa Julayi 1, 1996 pamanyuma pakusintha University College of Lands and Architectural Studies (UCLAS), iyo yikaŵa University of Dar es Salaam. Pa mbiri yake, Yunivesite ya Ardhi yikamba mu 1956 apo yikamba nga ni sukulu ya kusambizga kusanda malo iyo yikapelekanga masambiro gha masatifiketi pa malo agho pakaŵa msasa wa Mgulani Salvation Army ku Dar es Salaam. Mu 1958, sukulu iyi yikasamukira ku malo agho yili sono pa Observation Hill. Pasono, pa caru cose pali ŵasambizgi ŵakujumpha 80 awo ŵali kumalizga masambiro ghawo pa maunivesite ghakujumpha 25. Yunivesite iyi yili na masukulu ghanayi, yunivesite yimoza na malo ghanandi, ndipo yikupeleka masambiro gha ku yunivesite na gha ku yunivesite.[23]
  • Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences yikupanga Muhimbili Campus na Mloganzila Campus. Muhimbili Campus ili ku Upanga, Ilala Municipality, mumphepete mwa United Nations Road. Kampasi ya Mloganzila yili na malo ghakukwana maekala 3,800 (15 km2) ndipo yili pa mtunda wa makilomita 3 (2 mi) kufuma pa msewu wa Dar es Salaam-Morogoro, makilomita 25 (16 mi) kufuma ku Dar es Salaam.[24]
  • TYunivesite ya Open University of Tanzania ni yunivesite ya masambiro ghapachanya iyo yili na masambiro ghapachanya, ndipo yili na masambiro agho ghakupanga masatifiketi, madipuloma, masambiro ghapachanya na ghapachanya. Kufuma apo yikambira, yunivesite iyi yili na ŵana ŵa sukulu ŵakufuma ku Malawi, Uganda, Kenya, Namibia, Hungary, Burundi, Libya, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Lesotho, Botswana na Tanzania. Kuzakafika mu 2008, ŵanthu wose awo ŵakalembeska ŵakaŵa 44,099, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakaŵa ŵa ku Tanzania.[25]
  • Yunivesite ya Hubert Kairuki Memorial ni yunivesite yapadera iyo yili pa malo gha nambara. 322 Regent Estate mu chigaŵa cha Mikocheni, pafupifupi 7 km (4 mi) kufuma ku msumba wa Dar es Salaam, kufupi na Ali Hassan Mwinyi na Old Bagamoyo Roads.[26]
  • Yunivesite ya International Medical and Technological ni yunivesite ya vya masambiro ghapachanya iyo yili na ŵanthu ŵekha.[27]
  • Kampala International University yikamba kugwira ntchito mu 2009. Yunivesite iyi yili pa malo gha ma acres 60 (240,000 m2) mu chigaŵa cha Gongo la Mboto, chigaŵa cha Ilala, 7 km (4 mi) kufuma ku Mwalimu Julius Nyerere International Airport.[28]

Ŵanthu ŵakumanyikwa

Vinthu vya pa caru cose

Dar es Salaam is sister cities with:[30]

Vyakulemba


Ukaboni

  1. ↑ "Statistical Abstract 2011, Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics". Archived from the original on 5 Novembala 2013.
  2. ↑ "Where is the fastest growing city in the world?". theguardian.com. 18 Novembala 2015. Archived from the original on 15 Meyi 2017. Retrieved 21 Meyi 2017.
  3. ↑ "This Tanzanian city may soon be one of the world's most populous. Is it ready?". Environment (in English). 5 Epulelo 2019. Archived from the original on 29 Malichi 2020. Retrieved 11 Febuluwale 2020.
  4. ↑ "Tanzania Ports Authority Headquarters". The Skyscraper Center. Archived from the original on 29 Julayi 2020. Retrieved 2 Juni 2020.
  5. ↑ NGA: Country Files Archived Meyi 4, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, NGA.mil
  6. ↑ 2016 Makadirio ya Idadi ya Watu katika Majimbo ya Uchaguzi kwa Mwaka 2016, Tanzania Bara [Population Estimates in Administrative Areas for the Year 2016, Mainland Tanzania] (PDF) (Report) (in Swahili). Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: National Bureau of Statistics. 1 Epulelo 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 Disembala 2021. Retrieved 3 Julayi 2022.
  7. ↑ Population Distribution by Administrative Units, United Republic of Tanzania, 2013 Archived Meyi 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  8. ↑ "World Weather Information Service – Dar es Salaam". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 10 Juni 2016. Retrieved 13 Meyi 2016.
  9. ↑ "Klimatafel von Daressalam (Flugh.) / Tansania" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 Malichi 2021. Retrieved 13 Meyi 2016.
  10. ↑ Technical Summary. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (PDF). IPCC. Ogasiti 2021. p. TS14. Retrieved 12 Novembala 2021.
  11. ↑ Roberts, George, ed. (2021), "Introduction", Revolutionary State-Making in Dar es Salaam: African Liberation and the Global Cold War, 1961–1974, African Studies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 10, doi:10.1017/9781108990721.001, ISBN 978-1-108-84573-1
  12. ↑ "Tanzania: Regions and Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 10 Disembala 2022.
  13. ↑ "Dar skyscraper boom: Here's the untold story - National". Archived from the original on 22 Okutobala 2014. Retrieved 25 Meyi 2015.
  14. ↑ "Additional Financing for Tanzania's Bus Rapid Transit System to benefit 300,000 Commuters and Create 80,000 Jobs". Archived from the original on 22 Meyi 2015. Retrieved 25 Meyi 2015.
  15. ↑ "Railpage". Archived from the original on 7 Novembala 2014. Retrieved 25 Meyi 2015.
  16. ↑ "Ministry of Works, Transport and Communications". www.mwtc.go.tz. Archived from the original on 13 Julayi 2019. Retrieved 24 Juni 2018.
  17. ↑ "Religions in Tanzania | PEW-GRF". www.globalreligiousfutures.org. Retrieved 10 Okutobala 2022.
  18. ↑ Wijsen, Frans (1 Janyuwale 2002). "When two elephants fight the grass gets hurt" Muslim-Christian Relationships in Upcountry Tanzania (in English). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-33408-3.
  19. ↑ "In pictures: Tanzanian acrobat school". BBC News. 31 Disembala 2014. Archived from the original on 8 Febuluwale 2015. Retrieved 8 Febuluwale 2015.
  20. ↑ Gunther, John (1955). Inside Africa. Harper & Brothers. p. 407. ISBN 0836981979.
  21. ↑ "Draining Dar's Economy – The Impact of Floods on Tanzania's Commercial Capital". World Bank (in English). Archived from the original on 6 Ogasiti 2021. Retrieved 6 Ogasiti 2021.
  22. ↑ "The University of Dar es salaam". www.udsm.ac.tz. Archived from the original on 15 Febuluwale 2009.
  23. ↑ Ardhi University Archived 2014-06-01 at the Wayback Machine www.aru.ac.tz
  24. ↑ "Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences". www.muhas.ac.tz. Archived from the original on 7 Okutobala 2011. Retrieved 13 Malichi 2011.
  25. ↑ "The Open University of Tanzania". Archived from the original on 26 Meyi 2015. Retrieved 25 Meyi 2015.
  26. ↑ "Hubert Kairuki Memorial University - Who We Are - Introduction to Hubert Kairuki Memorial University". Archived from the original on 25 Meyi 2015. Retrieved 25 Meyi 2015.
  27. ↑ "Welcome to International Medical and Technological University, Tanzania". Archived from the original on 24 Epulelo 2015. Retrieved 25 Meyi 2015.
  28. ↑ "Kampala International University, Dar es Salaam Centre". Archived from the original on 15 Febuluwale 2011. Retrieved 13 Malichi 2011.
  29. ↑ "Nairn MacEwan - Rugby Union - Players and Officials - ESPN Scrum". ESPN scrum. Archived from the original on 12 Malichi 2016. Retrieved 25 Meyi 2015.
  30. ↑ TVTA, True Vision Tanzania. "NGO". truevisiontz.org. TVTA. Archived from the original on 4 Ogasiti 2014. Retrieved 8 Malichi 2012.
  31. ↑ Holtermann, Hannes (30 Malichi 2011). "Looking at the sister city agreement between Hamburg and Dar es Salaam from a Tanzanian perspective". Werkstatt.imch.eu. Archived from the original on 27 Sekutembala 2013. Retrieved 29 Julayi 2013.
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Mabuku

Wonaniso: Bibliography of the history of Dar es Salaam

Vigaŵa vya kuwalo

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Dar es Salaam.
Kufuma ku "https://tum.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dar_es_Salaam&oldid=102873"