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Template:632 symmetry table

Kufuma Wikipedia

In geometry, the [6,3], (*632) symmetry group is bounded by mirrors meeting with angles of 30, 60, and 90 degrees. There are a number of small index subgroups constructed by mirror removal and alternation. h[6,3] = [1+,6,3] creates [3[3]], (*333) symmetry, shown as red mirror lines. Removing mirrors at the order-3 point creates [6,3+], 3*3 symmetry, index 2. Removing all mirrors creates [6,3]+ (632) subgroup, index 2. The communtator subgroup is [1+,6,3+], (333) symmetry, index 4. An index 6 subgroup constructed as [6,3*], also becomes (*333), shown in blue mirror lines, and which has its own (333) rotational symmetry, index 12.

Small index subgroups [6,3] (*632)
Index 1 2 3 6
Diagram
Intl (orb.)
Coxeter
p6m (*632)
[6,3] = =
p3m1 (*333)
[1+,6,3] = =
p31m (3*3)
[6,3+] =
cmm (2*22) pmm (*2222) p3m1 (*333)
[6,3*] = =
Direct subgroups
Index 2 4 6 12
Diagram
Intl (orb.)
Coxeter
p6 (632)
[6,3]+ = =
p3 (333)
[1+,6,3+] = =
p2 (2222) p2 (2222) p3 (333)
[1+,6,3*] = =

Wallpaper subgroup relationships

[kulemba source]
Subgroup relationships among 14 wallpaper group[1]
o2222××**22×22**22222*22333*3333*3632*632
p1p2pgpmcmpggpmgpmmcmmp3p3m1p31mp6p6m
op1 2
2222p2 222
333p3 33
632p6 6324
××pg 22
**pm 2222
cm 2223
22×pgg 4223
22*pmg 4222423
*2222pmm 424244222
2*22cmm 424422224
*333p3m1 6663243
3*3p31m 6663234
*632p6m 12612126666342223

References

[kulemba source]
  1. Coxeter, (1980), The 17 plane groups, Table 4
  • Coxeter, H. S. M. & Moser, W. O. J. (1980). Generators and Relations for Discrete Groups. New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-09212-9.