Lithyamu
![]() Lithium floating in oil | |||||||||||||||
Lithium | |||||||||||||||
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Pronunciation |
/ˈlɪθiəm/ | ||||||||||||||
Appearance | silvery-white | ||||||||||||||
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Li) | |||||||||||||||
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Lithium in the periodic table | |||||||||||||||
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Atomic number (Z) | 3 | ||||||||||||||
Group | group 1: hydrogen and alkali metals | ||||||||||||||
Period | period 2 | ||||||||||||||
Block | s-block | ||||||||||||||
Electron configuration | [He] 2s1 | ||||||||||||||
Electrons per shell | 2, 1 | ||||||||||||||
Physical properties | |||||||||||||||
Phase at STP | solid | ||||||||||||||
Melting point | 453.65 K (180.50 °C, 356.90 °F) | ||||||||||||||
Boiling point | 1603 K (1330 °C, 2426 °F) | ||||||||||||||
Density (near r.t.) | 0.534 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||
when liquid (at m.p.) | 0.512 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||
Critical point | 3220 K, 67 MPa (extrapolated) | ||||||||||||||
Heat of fusion | 3.00 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||
Heat of vaporization | 136 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||
Molar heat capacity | 24.860 J/(mol·K) | ||||||||||||||
Vapor pressure
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Atomic properties | |||||||||||||||
Oxidation states | 0[2], +1 (a strongly basic oxide) | ||||||||||||||
Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 0.98 | ||||||||||||||
Ionization energies |
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Atomic radius | empirical: 152 pm | ||||||||||||||
Covalent radius | 128±7 pm | ||||||||||||||
Van der Waals radius | 182 pm | ||||||||||||||
Spectral lines of lithium | |||||||||||||||
Lithyamu (Lithium) ni chimoza mwa visungunu icho chili na chimanyikwiro cha 'Li' na chipenda-atomu cha 3.
Ukaboni[lemba | kulemba source]
- ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Lithium". CIAAW. 2009.
- ↑ Li(0) atoms have been observed in various small lithium-chloride clusters; see Milovanović, Milan; Veličković, Suzana; Veljkovićb, Filip; Jerosimić, Stanka (October 30, 2017). "Structure and stability of small lithium-chloride LinClm(0,1+) (n ≥ m, n = 1–6, m = 1–3) clusters". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (45). doi:10.1039/C7CP04181K.
- ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.