Wonani kulemba kwambula kuona kwa Chuma cha Malaŵi

{{short description|National economy}}
{{nkhani iwemi}}
{{Infobox economy|country=Malawi|image=Lilongwe city from the sky.jpg|image_size=300px|caption=[[Lilongwe]], the [[financial centre]] of Malawi|currency=[[Malawian kwacha]] (MWK)|year=1 July - 30 June|organs=[[African Union|AU]], [[African Continental Free Trade Area|AfCFTA]] (signed), [[World Trade Organization|WTO]], [[Southern African Development Community|SADC]], [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa|COMESA]]|group={{plainlist|
*[[Least developed countries|Least Developed]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weoselco.aspx?g=2200&sg=All+countries+%2f+Emerging+market+and+developing+economies |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref>
*Low-income economy<ref>{{cite web |url=https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups |title=World Bank Country and Lending Groups |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=datahelpdesk.worldbank.org |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref>}}|gdp={{plainlist|
*{{increase}} $7.522 billion (nominal, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOMW">{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=37&pr.y=17&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=676&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=22 January 2020}}</ref>
*{{increase}} $25.167 billion ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]], 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOMW"/>}}|gdp rank={{plainlist|
*[[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|144th (nominal, 2019)]]
*[[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|138th (PPP, 2019)]]}}|growth={{plainlist|
*4.0%&nbsp;(2017) 3.5%&nbsp;(2018)
*4.4%&nbsp;(2019e) 4.8%&nbsp;(2020f)<ref name="World Bank">{{cite web |url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33044/9781464814693.pdf |title=Global Economic Prospects, January 2020 : Slow Growth, Policy Challenges |page=147 |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=openknowledge.worldbank.org |access-date=22 January 2020}}</ref>}}|per capita={{plainlist|
*{{increase}} $371 (nominal, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOMW"/>
*{{increase}} $1,240 (PPP, 2019 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOMW"/>}}|per capita rank={{plainlist|
*[[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita|183rd (nominal, 2019)]]
*[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|182nd (PPP, 2018)]]}}|sectors=agriculture 29.4%, industry 15.8%, services 56.1% (2016 est.)|inflation=8.4% (2020 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOMW"/>|poverty={{plainlist|
*51.5% (2016)<ref>{{cite web |title=Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) - Malawi |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.NAHC?locations=MW&name_desc=false |website=data.worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank |access-date=5 February 2020}}</ref>
*70.3% on less than $1.90/day (2016)<ref>{{cite web |title=Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) - Malawi |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.DDAY?locations=MW&name_desc=false |website=data.worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank |access-date=5 February 2020}}</ref>}}|gini=44.7 {{color|darkorange|medium}} (2016)<ref>{{cite web |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) - Malawi |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=MW&name_desc=false |website=data.worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank |access-date=5 February 2020}}</ref>|hdi={{plainlist|
*{{increase}} 0.485 {{color|red|low}} (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506 |title=Human Development Index (HDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref> ([[List of countries by Human Development Index|172nd]])
*0.346 [[List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI|IHDI]] (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-3-inequality-adjusted-human-development-index-ihdi |title=Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref>}}|labor={{plainlist|
*{{increase}} 8,156,049 (2019)<ref>{{cite web |title=Labor force, total - Malawi |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN?locations=MW&name_desc=false |website=data.worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank & [[International Labour Organization|ILO]] |access-date=5 February 2020}}</ref>
*39.1% employment rate (2017)<ref>{{cite web |title=Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate) - Malawi |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.NE.ZS?locations=MW&name_desc=false |website=data.worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank |access-date=5 February 2020}}</ref>}}|occupations=agriculture: 76.9%, industry: 4.1%, services: 19% (2013 est.)|unemployment rate=20.4% (2013 est.)|edbr={{increase}} [[Ease of doing business index#Ranking|109th (medium, 2020)]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/malawi |title=Ease of Doing Business in Malawi |publisher=Doingbusiness.org |access-date=2017-01-24 }}</ref>|industries=|exports=$1.443 billion (2017 est.)|export-goods=tobacco (55%), dried legumes (8.8%), sugar (6.7%), tea (5.7%), cotton (2%), peanuts, coffee, soy (2015 est.)|export-partners=Zimbabwe 13.1%, Mozambique 11.8%, Belgium 10.7%, South Africa 6.3%, Netherlands 5%, UK 4.7%, Germany 4.3%, US 4.2% (2017)|imports=$2.388 billion (2017 est.)|import-goods=food, petroleum products, semi-manufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment|import-partners=South Africa 20.7%, China 14.2%, India 11.6%, UAE 7%, Netherlands 4.4% (2017)|FDI=$129.5 million (2014)|debt=50.8% of GDP (2013 est.)|gross external debt=$1.861 billion (2017 est.)|revenue=$1.347 billion (2013 est.)|expenses=$1.4 billion (2013 est.)|reserves=$364.2 million (31 December 2013 est.)|credit=|aid=$1.174 million (2012)|cianame=south-africa|spelling=UK}}
[[File:Lilongwe_market_closeup.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lilongwe_market_closeup.JPG|thumb|300x300px|[[:en:Lilongwe|Lilongwe]] market.]]
'''Chuma cha Malawi c'''hili na ndalama zakukwana $7.522 billion pa GDP pa chaka cha 2019, ndipo chikupangika chomene na ulimi, ndipo ŵanthu pafupifupi 80% ŵakukhala ku mizi. Charu ichi chili kumwera kwa Africa, ndipo chili pakati pa vyaru ivyo vindapulikiske makora. Mu 2017, vyakurya vikapangiska pafupifupi chigaŵa chimoza pa vigaŵa vitatu vya GDP na pafupifupi 80% ya ndalama izo ŵanthu ŵakuguliska. Chuma cha charu ichi chikuthemba pa ndalama zinandi izo zikufuma ku wupu wa IMF, World Bank, na vyaru vinyake. Boma lili na masuzgo ghakuru comene: kukhozga vyakurya ivyo vikuguliskika ku vyaru vinyake, kunozga masukulu na maofesi gha munkhwala, kumazga masuzgo gha makuni, na HIV/AIDS mu Africa. Malaŵi ni caru cambura kukura comene kuyana na wupu wa United Nations.

== Ulimi ==
{{main|Agriculture in Malawi}} {{see also|Tobacco industry}}

Cinthu cakuzirwa comene ico Malawi wakuguliska ku vyaru vinyake ni hona, uyo wakapangiska pafupifupi cigaŵa cacitatu (30%) ca ndalama izo ŵakaguliskanga ku vyaru vinyake mu 2012. Mu 2000, caru ici cikaŵa pa nambara 10 pa vyakurya vikuruvikuru pa caru cose. Cifukwa cakuti caru ici cikuthemba comene hona, cuma cikusuzgika comene cifukwa cakuti mitengo ya hona pa caru cose yikukhizga ndipo caru cose cikuphalira ŵanthu kuti ŵaleke kukhweŵa comene. Malaŵi wakuthemba chomene hona, ndipo kufuma mu 2007 m'paka 2008, hona wakwera kufuma pa 53% kufika pa 70% pa ndalama izo ŵanthu ŵakuguliska.<ref>CIA World Factbook</ref><ref>J. Tyler Dickovick, ''Africa 2008'', 43rd edition, Harpers Ferry, WV: Stryker-Post Publications, 2008. p. 278</ref>
[[File:Malawi_Tea_Estate.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malawi_Tea_Estate.jpg|thumb|240x240px|A Malawi [[:en:Tea|tea]] estate]]
Charu ichi chikuthemba chomene pa tiyi, mkaka na khofi, ndipo vyakurya ivi pamoza na hona vikupangiska kuti Malawi wapokere ndalama zinandi chomene. Mu 1878, ŵanthu ŵakamba kumwa tiyi. Viŵeto vinandi vikulimika mu Mulanje na Thyolo. Vyakumera vinyake ni katoni, mbuto, mbuto za mbuto, ng'ombe na mbuzi. Makampani gha hona na gha shuga ndigho ghakupanga vinthu vinandi.

Kwamba kale, charu cha Malawi chikuthemba chomene pa vyakurya, ndipo mu ma 1980, chikaguliskanga vyakurya vinandi ku vyaru vinyake ivyo vikaŵa pafupi na charu ichi. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 90 pa 100 ŵali mu vyaru ivi ŵakulima. Ŵalimi ŵachokoŵachoko ŵakupanda vyakurya vyakupambanapambana, nga ni chimanga, nyungu, mpunga, maniyu, hona, na phere. Usambazi wa ndalama ukuŵa mu mawoko gha ŵanthu ŵachoko waka. Vinthu vinandi ivyo vikupangika mu Malawi vili kuzingilizga msumba wa Blantyre.

Nyanja ya Malawi na ya Chilwa ni zinandi chomene mu chigaŵa ichi. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa ku Malawi ŵakutemwa chomene somba. Somba zakomira zikupelekekaso ku vyaru vinyake. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuloŵa somba na mawoko. Ndipouli, Maldeco Fisheries yili na maboti ghanandi ghakuloŵeska somba ndipo yikuliska viŵeto vya somba kumwera kwa Nyanja ya Malawi.

Somba zakomira pa cirwa ca Likoma

Malaŵi walije vinthu vinandi vyakuthupi. Wupu unyake wa ku South Africa na Australia ukulima uranium mu migodi kufupi na Karonga. Ku chigaŵa cha Mzimba, ŵanthu ŵakugwiliskira nchito malasha. Charu cha Malawi chikuthemba chomene pa vyakurya ivyo vikufuma ku vyaru vinyake. Ndalama zinandi izo ŵakugwiliskira nchito pakuguliska vinthu, izo zingaŵa kuti ni 30 peresenti ya ndalama izo ŵakuguliska, zikovwira kuti vinthu vileke kwenda makora. Malaŵi wakwenera kwiza na mafuta ghose agho wakuguliska. Vinyake ivyo vikusuzga ni ukavu wa ŵantchito ŵakumanya nchito, suzgo la kusanga vyakuzomerezga ŵanthu awo ŵafuma ku vyaru vinyake kuti ŵagwirenge nchito, maburoko, vimbundi, kweniso misewu, magesi, maji, na mawupu agho ghakovwira kuti vinthu vileke kwenda makora mu Malawi. Ndipouli, vinthu ivyo boma lacita sonosono apa kuti liŵawovwire kunozga misewu, pamoza na cigaŵa ca ŵekha mu vyalo vya njanji na vya kwendera matelefoni, vyapangiska kuti malo gha ndalama ghaŵe ghakutowa comene.

Munthu wakuguliska vinthu mumphepete mwa msewu ku Blantyre

Ivi ni vigaŵa 20 vya viŵelengero vya vyakurya vya ku Malawi mu 2009. (Maukaboni ghambura kuzomerezgeka ghafuma ku FAO) <ref name="faostat.fao.org">{{Cite web |title=Faostat |url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx}}</ref>
{| class="sortable wikitable"
!Mbewu
!Ndalam mu [[:en:Geary–Khamis_dollar|International dollars]] (1000)
!Production in [[:en:Ton|tonnes]]
![[:en:FAO|FAO]] source
|-
|[[:en:Maize|Maize]]
|462,330
|3,582,500
|
|-
|[[:en:Cassava|Cassava]]
|404,764
|3,823,240
|
|-
|[[:en:Tobacco|Tobacco]]
|331,542
|208,155
|
|-
|[[:en:Peanut|Groundnuts]]
|116,638
|275,176
|
|-
|[[:en:Banana|Bananas]] (excluding plantains)
|95,152
|400,000
|F
|-
|[[:en:Sugar_cane|Sugar cane]]
|82,093
|2,500,000
|F
|-
|Indigenous [[:en:Beef_cattle|cattle meat]]
|80,688
|0
|
|-
|[[:en:Pigeon_pea|Pigeon peas]]
|80,274
|184,156
|
|-
|[[:en:Pulse_(legume)|Beans, dry]]
|75,706
|164,712
|
|-
|[[:en:Fruit|Fresh fruit]]
|74,456
|213,321
|Im
|-
|[[:en:Plantain_(cooking)|Plantains]]
|72,634
|351,812
|Im
|-
|Indigenous [[:en:Pork|pig meat]]
|68,788
|0
|
|-
|[[:en:Tea|Tea]]
|55,895
|52,559
|P
|-
|Indigenous [[:en:Goat_meat|goat meat]]
|53,512
|0
|
|-
|[[:en:Mango|Mangoes]], [[:en:Mangosteen|mangosteens]] and [[:en:Guava|guavas]]
|49,527
|82,659
|Im
|-
|[[:en:Cotton#Uses|Cotton lint]]
|39,017
|27,300
|F
|-
|[[:en:Rice|Paddy rice]]
|36,896
|135,988
|
|-
|[[:en:Vegetables|Fresh vegetables]]
|30,530
|162,012
|Im
|-
|Indigenous [[:en:Chicken|chicken meat]]
|25,713
|0
|
|-
|[[:en:Cowpea|Cow peas]]
|18,073
|72,082
|
|}
<small>Key: F : FAO estimate, Im: FAO data based on imputation methodology, P : Provisional official data</small>

== Kachimbililo ka malonda ==
Pa chithuzithuzi ichi pali vinthu vikuruvikuru ivyo vikachitika mu 1980 na 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=1980&ey=2023&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=676&s=NGDP_RPCH,PPPGDP,PPPPC,PCPIPCH,GGXWDG_NGDP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=12&pr.y=11 |access-date=2018-08-29 |language=en-US}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Chaka
!1980
!1985
!1990
!1995
!2000
!2005
!2006
!2007
!2008
!2009
!2010
!2011
!2012
!2013
!2014
!2015
!2016
!2017
|-
|GDP in $
<small>(PPP)</small>
|2.42 bil.
|3.46 bil.
|4.52 bil.
|5.75 bil.
|7.73 bil.
|9.76 bil.
|10.53 bil.
|11.85 bil.
|13.00 bil.
|14.19 bil.
|15.35 bil.
|16.43 bil.
|17.05 bil.
|18.22 bil.
|19.61 bil.
|20.40 bil.
|21.13 bil.
|22.37 bil.
|-
|GDP per capita in $
<small>(PPP)</small>
|368
|449
|450
|539
|640
|714
|750
|820
|876
|929
|977
|1,016
|1,025
|1,065
|1,114
|1,127
|1,134
|1,167
|-
|GDP growth
<small>(real)</small>
|0.4 %
|4.6 %
|5.7 %
|13.8 %
|0.8 %
|3.3 %
|4.7 %
|9.6 %
|7.6 %
|8.3 %
|6.9 %
|4.9 %
|1.9 %
|5.2 %
|5.7 %
|3.0 %
|2.3 %
|4.0 %
|-
|Inflation
<small>(in Percent)</small>
|19.2 %
|10.6 %
|11.9 %
|83.1 %
|29.6 %
|15.4 %
|13.9 %
|8.0 %
|8.7 %
|8.4 %
|7.4 %
|7.6 %
|21.3 %
|28.3 %
|23.8 %
|21.9 %
|21.7 %
|11.5 %
|-
|Government debt
<small>(Pct. of GDP)</small>
|...
|...
|...
|...
|...
|107 %
|28 %
|28 %
|36 %
|36 %
|30 %
|31 %
|44 %
|59 %
|55 %
|61 %
|60 %
|59 %
|}

== Industry ==
Mu 2013, viŵaro vya Malawi vikaŵa 10.7% pa GDP. Vigaŵa vikuruvikuru ni vyakurya, vyakuzenga, vinthu vyakugwiliskira nchito, simenti, vyakurya vyakuguliska vyakurya, kupanga vinthu vyakuguliska vyakurya, kupanga vinthu vya mu nyumba na hona.

Ivyo boma likucita kuti liŵike vinthu vinandi mu vyakurya na kwambiska malonda pa caru cose, vikutimbanizgika comene cifukwa ca vinthu viheni ivyo vikucitika, ŵanthu ŵambura kusambira makora, ndiposo suzgo la malonda. Kuti viŵawovwire kuti ŵagwiliskirenge ntchito nthowa na matekinoloje ghaphya, ndondomeko ya vyamalonda iyo yikapelekeka mu 2013, yikovwira kuti ŵagwirenge makora ntchito pa kafukufuku wa pa charu chose kweniso kuti ŵamanye makora vya matekinoloje agho ghalipo. Pa nyengo yeneiyo pera, boma la Russia lakwezga ndalama izo likugwiliskira nchito pa kafukufuku na vyakupangapanga kufika pa 1% ya GDP.

=== Food and beverages ===
Vipasi na vipasi vinandi vikuguliskika ku vyaru vinyake, kweni vyakurya vyakunozgeka vikufuma ku vyaru vinyake. Mu 1965, Carlsberg yikajura kampani yake yakwamba ya kupanga moŵa kuwaro kwa Denmark mu msumba wa Blantyre. Kweniso kampani iyi yikupanga mabotolo gha vyakurya vya Coca-Cola. Mu 2013, ku Salima kukajulika malo ghakupangira mango kuti ghapange vipasi. Universal Industries yikugwira nchito mu mafakitale ghanandi gha vyakurya mu Blantyre, uko yikupanga maswiti, chips, mabisiketi, mkaka, vyakurya vya soya na vyakurya vya ŵana. Khofi na tiyi vikupangika na makampani ghaŵiri mu vigaŵa vya Thyolo, Mulanje na kuzingilizga Mzuzu.

=== Pharmaceutical companies ===
Malaŵi wali na makampani ghanayi gha vyakurya. Ŵakupanga minkhwala yinandi yayi, comenecomene iyo yikukhumbikwa comene pa msika. Makampani agha ni Pharmanova Ltd., agho ndigho ghakupanga munkhwala ukuru comene mu Malawi, ndipo ghakulondezgapo ni SADM, Malawi Pharmacies (Pharmaceuticals Limited) na Kentam Products Limited.<ref name="who.int">[https://www.who.int/hiv/amds/countries/mwi_SurveyUseTRIPs.pdf A Survey of Policy and Practice on the Use of Access to MedicinesRelated TRIPs Flexibilities in Malawi]</ref>

=== Forestry ===
[[File:Lady_carrying_solar_panel.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lady_carrying_solar_panel.jpg|thumb|Lady carrying a solar panel.]]
Nkhorongo zikuruzikuru izo ŵanthu ŵakuzenga zili mu mapiri gha Viphya, kuzingilizga Mulanje na Zomba. Makuni agho ghakugwiliskirika nchito pakuzenga na kupanga vinthu vya mu nyumba ni nchito yakuzirwa comene mu vigaŵa ivi. Ndipouli, vigaŵa vinandi mu Malaŵi vikuparanyika cifukwa ca kukora makuni mwambura kuzomerezgeka na boma kuti ŵapange malasha.

=== Electricity ===
Boma la Malawi ndilo likupeleka magesi ku charu ichi. Malire agho ghalipo ghali pafupifupi 351MW. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 12 pa 100 ŵali na magesi, kuyana na ivyo vikalembeka na World Bank mu 2014.

Charu ichi chikuŵa na suzgo la kuŵavya magesi chifukwa cha chilangalanga icho chapangiska kuti magesi ghachepe chomene. Mlonga uwu ukupangiska magesi ghakukwana 300MW, ndipo ukupeleka 98 peresenti ya magesi ghose gha mu Malawi. Ndipouli, kuyana na fundo za wupu wa ESCOM, chilangalanga chikapangiska kuti nkhongono iyi yichepe kufika pa 160 MW..<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/08/malawi-blackouts-drought-hydro-power|title=Malawi suffers blackouts as drought exposes 98% reliance on hydro power|last=France-Presse|first=Agence|date=2017-12-08|work=The Guardian|access-date=2017-12-08|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

== Services ==
Vigaŵa vya mautumiki vikupangiska 51.7% ya GDP ya Malawi. Makampani agho ghakumanyikwa comene ni gha vyaulendo, malonda, kwendeska vinthu, masambiro, maofesi gha munkhwala, kwendera mawoko, na mabanki. Boma la Malawi lili na masheya mu makampani ghanandi ghakuzirwa, nga ni Malawian Airlines (51%) na Press Corporation Limited. Press Corporation Ltd. ni kampani yikuru comene ya mu caru ici, ndipo yili na mabungwe ghanyake mu vyaru nga ni hona, banki, shuga, somba, kupanga ethanol, kupanga njere, malonda, kwendera mawoko na mafuta.

== International support ==
Kwambira mu 1981, Malawi wachita ndondomeko ya kunozga vinthu mu vyaru ivyo vili na ndalama zinandi. Vinthu vinyake ivyo vikukhumbikwa pa ndondomeko iyi ni kukhwimiska nchito za boma na kucitako vinthu vinyake mwa kulekeska kwendeska mitengo na kupeleka malayisensi ku makampani, kulekeska malonda gha vyamalonda na kusinthiska ndalama, kunozga misonkho, kupanikizgira mabungwe gha boma, na kunozga uteŵeti wa boma. Malaŵi wakeneranga kupokera wovwiri wa kuchepeska ngongoli ya vyaru vikavu ivyo vili na ngongoli zinandi (HIPC) ndipo pasono wakunozgaso ndondomeko yake ya kuchepeska ukavu.

Malaŵi wali na mapangano gha malonda na vyaru viŵiri vikuruvikuru, vya South Africa na Zimbabwe. Boma likukumana na masuzgo nga nkhupanga makora masukulu na maofesi gha vyaumoyo mu Malaŵi - ivyo ni vyakuzirwa comene cifukwa ca kuthandazgika kwa HIV/AIDS - kweniso masuzgo gha cilengiwa nga nkhutema makuni, kunangika kwa dongo, na dongo ilo ndakughanda.
[[File:Bingu_Wa_Mutharika_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2008.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bingu_Wa_Mutharika_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2008.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Former President [[:en:Bingu_wa_Mutharika|Bingu wa Mutharika]] of Malawi spoke about the country's recent unilateral agricultural reforms at the [[:en:World_Economic_Forum|World Economic Forum]] on Africa at the [[:en:United_Nations|United Nations]], September 2008.]]

=== Move towards economic independence ===
Mu 2006, cifukwa ca kucepa kwa vyakurya, Malawi, kwizira mwa pulezidenti Bingu Mutharika, uyo wakaŵa nkhwantha ya vya cuma, wakambiska pulogiramu ya kupeleka vyakurya vyakovwira ŵanthu kuti ŵambeso kulima. Ŵanyake ŵakuti ndondomeko iyi, iyo yikukhozgeka na pulezidenti wa caru ici, yikovwira kuti ulimi wa ku Malawi uŵe uwemi comene, ndipo yikupangiska kuti Malawi waŵe wakuguliska vyakurya ku vyaru vyapafupi.

Ndipouli, masuzgo gha vyachuma ghakachepa chomene mu nyengo ya Mutharika. Vyakudandawura vya vyachuma ndivyo vikapangiska kuti mu Julayi 2011, ku Malawi kuŵe vivulupi vya vyachuma.

== Economic indicators ==
Viŵelengero ivi vyafuma mu buku la CIA World Factbook, pekha usange pali vinyake.

'''GDP:''' purchasing power parity = $22.37 billion (2017 est.)
[[File:Malawi_interest_rates.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malawi_interest_rates.JPG|thumb|240x240px|Interest rates advertised by Malawi Savings Bank in Nchalo, Malawi on 30 September 2008]]
[[File:Malawi_Kwacha_xchg_rates.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malawi_Kwacha_xchg_rates.JPG|thumb|240x240px|Exchange rates advertised by a currency trader in [[:en:Lilongwe|Lilongwe]] on 7 October 2008]]
[[File:Malawi_Holiday_100.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malawi_Holiday_100.JPG|thumb|240x240px|Reserve Bank of Malawi Mzuzu Branch under construction in [[:en:Mzuzu|Mzuzu]], a fast-growing city. July 2008]]
'''GDP - real growth rate:''' 4% (2017 est.)

'''GDP - per capita:''' purchasing power parity - $1200 (2017 est.)

'''GDP - composition by sector:''' 

''agriculture:'' 28.1% 

''industry:'' 15.8% 

''services:'' 56.1% (2016 est.)

'''Population below poverty line:''' 50.7% (2010 est.)

'''Inflation rate (consumer prices):''' 23% (2014 est.)

'''Labor force:''' 7 million (2013 est.)

'''Labor force - by occupation:''' agriculture 76.9%, industry and services 23.1% (2013 est.)

'''Unemployment rate:''' NA%

'''Budget:''' 

''revenues:'' $1.346 billion (2017 est.) 

''expenditures:'' $1.556 billion (2017 est.)

'''Public Debt''' 59.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

'''Industries:''' [[:en:Tobacco|tobacco]], [[:en:Tea|tea]], [[:en:Sugar|sugar]], sawmill products, [[:en:Cement|cement]], consumer goods, cotton, consumer goods, uranium and coal mining

'''Industrial production growth rate:''' 2.8% (2013 est.)

'''Electricity - production:''' 1.973 billion kWh (2010 est.)

'''Electricity - consumption:''' 1.835 billion kWh (2010 est.)

'''Agriculture - products:''' [[:en:Tobacco|tobacco]], [[:en:Sugar_cane|sugar cane]], [[:en:Cotton|cotton]], [[:en:Tea|tea]], [[:en:Maize|maize]], [[:en:Potato|potatoes]], [[:en:Cassava|cassava]] ([[:en:Tapioca|tapioca]]), [[:en:Sorghum|sorghum]], [[:en:Legume|pulses]]; [[:en:Cattle|cattle]], [[:en:Goat|goats]]

'''Exports:''' $1.427 billion (2013 est.)

'''Exports - commodities:''' [[:en:Tobacco|tobacco]], [[:en:Tea|tea]], [[:en:Sugar|sugar]], [[:en:Cotton|cotton]], [[:en:Coffee|coffee]], [[:en:Peanut|peanuts]], wood products, apparel, uranium and its compounds

'''Exports - partners:''' Canada 10.6%, Zimbabwe 9.3%, Germany 7.3%, South Africa 6.6%, Russia 6.5%, US 6.1%, China 4.2% (2012)

'''Imports:''' $2.42 billion (2013 est.)

'''Imports - commodities:''' food, petroleum products, semimanufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment

'''Imports - partners:''' South Africa 27%, China 16.6%, India 8.7%, Zambia 8.5%, Tanzania 5.1%, US 4.3% (2012)

'''Current account balance''' - $280.1 million (2013 est.)

'''Debt - external:''' $1.556 billion (31 December 2013 est.)

'''Economic aid - recipient:'''

$575.3 million (2005)

'''Foreign direct investment - inflow''' $129.5 million (2014)

'''Currency:''' 1 Malawian kwacha (MK) = 100 tambala

'''Exchange rates:''' Malawian kwachas per US dollar -730.00 (20/June/2016), 460.00 (20/Jan/2015), 360.00 (6/Feb/2013), 165.961 (1/Sep/2011), 145.179 (2009), 135.96 (2006), 108.894 (2005), 108.898 (2004), 97.433 (2003), 76.687 (2002)

'''Fiscal year:''' 1 July - 30 June
{{Commons category}}

== Wonaniso ==

* [[:en:Transportation_in_Malawi|Transportation in Malawi]]
* [[:en:List_of_companies_based_in_Malawi|List of companies based in Malawi]]
* [[:en:Science_and_technology_in_Malawi|Science and technology in Malawi]]
* [[:en:Economy_of_Mozambique|Economy of Mozambique]]
* [[:en:Economy_of_South_Africa|Economy of South Africa]]
* [[:en:Economy_of_Botswana|Economy of Botswana]]
* [[:en:The_International_Monetary_Fund_and_Malawi|The International Monetary Fund and Malawi]]
* [[:en:United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Africa|United Nations Economic Commission for Africa]]

== Ukaboni ==
<references group="" responsive="1"></references>
{{CIA World Factbook}}

== Lutizgani kufufuza ==

* Anthony and Doreen Young, ''A Geography of Malawi'', Second edition. Evans Brothers, Limited, London (1978) {{ISBN|0-237-50296-8}}

== Vigaŵa vya kuwaro ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080226140807/http://www.malawi.gov.mw/Finance/Home%20Finance.htm Official site -  Ministry of Finance of Malawi]
* {{Curlie|Regional/Africa/Malawi/Business_and_Economy/Economic_Development}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060919060219/http://www.mbendi.co.za/land/af/ma/p0005.htm MBendi Malawi overview]
* [http://www.trademap.org/open_access/Index.aspx?proceed=true&reporter=454 Malawi latest trade data on ITC Trade Map]
{{portalbar|Malawi|Business and economics|Africa}}{{World Trade Organization}}{{Africa in topic|Economy of}}

{{Economy of Malawi}}{{Malaŵi}}