Wonani kulemba kwambula kuona kwa Mahamat Déby

{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix    = [[General]]
| name                = Mahamat Déby
| native_name         = {{nobold|محمد ديبي}}
| native_name_lang    = ar
| image               = Participation of Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, in the 6th European Union Africa Union Summit (cropped).jpg
| caption             = Déby mu 2022
| office              = President of Chad
| order               = Transitional
| vicepresident       = [[Djimadoum Tiraina]]
| primeminister       = [[Saleh Kebzabo]]
| termstart           = 10 October 2022<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ilunga |first1=Patrick |title=Chadian junta leader Mahamat Deby sworn in as President |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rest-of-africa/chadian-junta-leader-mahamat-deby-sworn-in-as-president-3980166 |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=[[The East African]] |date=10 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Chad Ruler Raises Hackles with Drawn-Out 'Transition' |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/chad-ruler-raises-hackles-with-drawn-out-transition-/6786565.html |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=[[Agence France-Presse]] |agency=[[Voice of America]] |date=12 October 2022 |location=[[Libreville, Gabon]]}}</ref>
| predecessor         = [[Idriss Déby]]
| office1             = President of the [[Transitional Military Council (Chad)|Transitional Military Council]]
| vicepresident1      = [[Djimadoum Tiraina]]
| primeminister1      = [[Albert Pahimi Padacké]]
| termstart1          = 20 April 2021
| termend1            = 10 October 2022
| birth_date          = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1984|1|1}}<ref>{{cite web |title=PORTRAIT |url=https://presidence.td/portrait/ |website=Présidence de la République du Tchad |access-date=23 April 2021 |language=fr-FR |date=20 April 2021}}</ref>
| father              = [[Idriss Déby]]
| death_date          = 
| birth_place         = [[Massakory]], [[Chad]]
| death_place         = 
| spouse              = Three wives, including [[Dahabaya Oumar Souni]]
| nickname            = Kaka
| allegiance          = {{Flag|Chad}}
| branch              = {{army|Chad}}
| rank                = [[File:Chad-Army-OF-9.svg|25px]] [[General]]
| unit                = Third Armoured Brigade<br> Fifth Air Brigade<br> Free Arab Volountiers
| battles             = [[Chadian Civil War (2005–2010)|Chadian Civil War]]
*[[Battle of Am Dam]]
[[Mali War]]
*[[Battle of Ifoghas]]
*[[Battle of Tigharghar|Battle of Tighârghar]]
[[Insurgency in Northern Chad]]
*[[2021 Northern Chad offensive|Northern Chad offensive]]
| awards              = 
| laterwork           = 
}}

'''Mahamat Idriss Déby Itno''' (Arabic: محمد إدريس ديبي إتنو; wakababika pa 1 January 1984), wakumanyikwa na zina lakuti '''Mahamat Kaka''',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.trust.org/item/20210420102953-f2l4n/|title=Idriss Deby's son Kaka named interim head of state, says army spokesman|agency=Reuters|date=April 20, 2021|accessdate=April 22, 2021}}</ref> ni mulara wa ŵasilikari ŵa nyenyezi zinayi wa ku [[Chad]] uyo wakuteŵetera nga ni pulezidenti wa nyengo ya kupankhuka wa Chad. Wakamba kuwusa nga ni purezidenti wa wupu wa Transitional Military Council pa 20 April 2021 apo awiske, pulezidenti wa Chadian Idriss Déby, ŵakafwa apo ŵakalongozganga ŵasilikari ku Northern Chad. Wakaŵaso mulara wa ŵasilikari ŵa Chadian Intervention in Northern Mali (FATIM).<ref>{{Cite news|title=Langzeitherrscher Idriss Déby Itno ist tot |language=de |date=20 April 2021 |publisher=Zeit Online |url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2021-04/tschad-idriss-deby-praesident-tod-besuch-truppen |archive-url=https://archive.ph/MDXuW?https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2021-04/tschad-idriss-deby-praesident-tod-besuch-truppen |archive-date=2 April 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Umoyo wake ==
Mahamat Déby wakutora ŵanakazi ŵanandi ndipo wali na ŵawoli ŵatatu.<ref name=cw>{{cite news |first= |last=|title=Tchad: voici qui est la nouvelle première dame du pays  |url=https://www.camerounweb.com/CameroonHomePage/africa/Tchad-voici-qui-est-la-nouvelle-premi-re-dame-du-pays-593080 |work=CamerounWeb |publisher= |date=2021-04-26 |access-date=2022-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803145024/https://www.camerounweb.com/CameroonHomePage/africa/Tchad-voici-qui-est-la-nouvelle-premi-re-dame-du-pays-593080 |archive-date=2021-08-03 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=cw2>{{cite news |first= |last=|title=Tchad: voici Dahabay oumar Souni, la communicante et 3è épouse du président du CMT  |url=https://www.camerounweb.com/CameroonHomePage/africa/Tchad-voici-Dahabay-oumar-Souni-la-communicante-et-3-pouse-du-pr-sident-du-CMT-596158 |work=CamerounWeb |publisher= |date=2021-05-08 |access-date=2022-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609122800/https://www.camerounweb.com/CameroonHomePage/africa/Tchad-voici-Dahabay-oumar-Souni-la-communicante-et-3-pouse-du-pr-sident-du-CMT-596158 |archive-date=2022-05-09 |url-status=live}}</ref> Muwoli wake wakwamba wakaŵa wa ku Zaghawa. Mu 2010, Déby wakatora muwoli wake wachiŵiri, mwanakazi wa ku Central Africa ndipo ni mwana wa Abakar Sabon, nduna yakale ya boma la Central African Republic, pharazgi wa Michel Djotodia, na mulongozgi wa gulu lakugaluka la Movement of Central African Liberators for Justice. Ŵakugomezga kuti Déby na muwoli wake waciŵiri ŵali na ŵana ŵankhondi.

Mkazi wachitatu wa Mahamat Déby, Dahabaya Oumar Souni ndi mtolankhani komanso mlangizi wa media yemwe amadziwika kuti First Lady wa Chad.<ref name=cw/><ref name=cw2/> Souni wakagwiranga nchito lumoza na wiskevyara, Pulezidenti Idriss Déby, ndipo wakakwezgeka kuŵa director of public relations for the office of the presidency kufuma mu December 2019 mpaka apo wakafwira. Mu Meyi 2021, Dahabaya Oumar Souni adasankhidwa kukhala mlangizi wa media ku utsogoleri wa Transitional Military Council ndipo tsopano akugwira ntchito limodzi ndi mwamuna wake, Purezidenti Mahamat Déby, ngati membala wa gulu lake la alangizi aukadaulo.<ref name=cw2/><ref name=jtchad>{{cite news |first= |last=|title=Tchad: le président du CMT s'entoure d'une vingtaine de conseillers techniques  |url=https://www.journaldutchad.com/tchad-le-president-du-cmt-sentoure-dune-vingtaine-de-conseillers-techniques/ |work=[[Journal du Tchad]] |publisher= |date=2021-05-17 |access-date=2022-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620035424/https://www.journaldutchad.com/tchad-le-president-du-cmt-sentoure-dune-vingtaine-de-conseillers-techniques/ |archive-date=2021-06-20 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=prch>{{cite news |first= |last=|title=Présidence de la République du Tchad: Le Secrétariat Général de la Présidence |url=https://presidence.td/le-secretariat-general/ |work=Office of the [[President of Chad]] |publisher= |date= |access-date=2022-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511232644/https://presidence.td/le-secretariat-general/|archive-date=2022-05-11 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Ntchito ya usilikali ==
Mahamat Déby wakalembeska ku Joint Grouping of military schools mu Chad. Pamanyuma, wakasambira usilikari ku France, ku sukulu ya ŵasilikari ya Aix-en-Provence. Wakati wawerako wakalembeska ku sukulu ya ŵasilikari ŵa boma ndipo pamanyuma wakasankhika kuŵa mulara wa gulu la ŵasilikari ŵa boma (DGSSIE). Nkhondo yake yakwamba yikacitika mu mwezi wa Epulero 2006 apo ŵakugaluka ŵakawukira msumba ukuru wa Chad ndipo pamanyuma pake wakacitako nkhondo ku chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Chad pamoza na Jenerale Abu Bakr al Said, uyo wakaŵa mulongozgi wa ŵapolisi. Mu Meyi 2009 wakapika udindo wa brigadier general ndipo wakadangiliranga ŵasilikari ŵa Chad pa Nkhondo ya Am Dam, apo ŵasilikari ŵakathereska ŵakugaluka.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chad: Slain Deby's son Mahamat Deby Itno heads military council |url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/04/20/chad-slain-debys-son-mahamat-deby-itno-heads-military-council/ |access-date=20 April 2021 |work=P.M. News |date=20 April 2021}}</ref>

Pamanyuma pa kutonda kwake, wakasankhika kuŵa mulongozgi wa magulu gha vilwero vya nkhondo na ŵalinda ŵa SERS. Mu Janyuwale 2013, wakasankhika kuŵa wachiŵiri kwa mulara wa ŵasilikari ŵapadera ŵa Chadi mu Mali pasi pa Jenerale Oumar Bikimo. Pa 22 February, wakalongozga ŵasilikari ŵake kwimikana na ŵakugaluka mu mapiri gha Adrar al-Ifoghas ku Northern Mali. Ŵakawuskapo msasa wa ŵakugaluka uwo ukayowoyeka kuti ukaŵa wakuzirwa comene, ndipo ŵakakoma ŵanthu ŵanandi, kweniso ŵakakoma ŵanthu 26, kusazgapo Abdel Aziz Hassane Adam, uyo wakaŵa mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari ŵapadera. Mahamat watora mazaza ghose gha FATIM ndipo wakulongozga milimo yakwimikana na ŵakugaluka ku North.<ref name=bamada.net>{{cite web|title=Le général Mahamat Idriss Déby Itno, 29 ans et fils d'Idriss Deby, commande la force tchadienne au Mali|url=http://bamada.net/le-general-mahamat-idriss-deby-itno-29-ans-et-fils-didriss-deby-commande-la-force-tchadienne-au-mali|website=bamada.net|date=16 February 2013|accessdate=20 June 2013|language=fr}}</ref>

== Wapampando wa Msonkhano Wankhondo Wapakati (Wapampando wa Transitional Military Council) ==
[[File:Chargé_d’affaires_a.i._David_Gilmour_meets_with_CMT_President.jpg|left|thumb|215x215px|Mahamat Déby meeting David Gilmour in 2021 to discuss U.S. support for a transition of power to a democratically elected government]]
Ŵasilikari ŵakati ŵapharazga kuti boma na wupu wa National Assembly vyamara, ndipo wupu wa Transitional Military Council uwo ukulongozgeka na Mahamat ndiwo uzamulongozga charu kwa myezi 18. Chikalata chiphya chikanjira m'malo mwa Dango la Chadi, ndipo Mahamat ndiyo wakaŵa pulezidenti wakanyengo na mulongozgi wa ŵasilikari.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chad's Constitution of 2018 |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Chad_2018.pdf?lang=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420130632/https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Chad_2018.pdf?lang=en |archive-date=20 April 2021 |website=constituteproject.org |publisher=Constitute Project |language=en}}</ref>

Ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakuchita ndyali mu Chad ŵakuti boma la ŵasilikari la nyengo ya kusintha ni "kuwukira boma", cifukwa malango gha boma ghakukhwaskana na umo munthu wangakhalira pa udindo wa pulezidenti ghakulondezgeka yayi. Kuyana na dango la chalo ili, pulezidenti wa National Assembly, Haroun Kabadi, <ref>{{cite news |title=Chad president's death: Rivals condemn 'dynastic coup' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56830510 |accessdate=April 22, 2021 |work=BBC News|date=21 April 2021 }}</ref>wakeneranga kuŵa pulezidenti wakuchitapo kanthu pamanyuma pa nyifwa ya pulezidenti Idriss Déby, ndipo mavoti ghakeneranga kuchitika mu mazuŵa 45 panji kujumpha yayi. Ndipouli, France, yumoza wa ŵabwezi ŵa Chad pa nkhani ya vyaru vya kuwaro, wakuwona kuti ntchakukhumbikwa, cifukwa ca "vinthu vyapadera" ivyo vikwambiska kugaluka. Wupu wa pa caru cose nawo wawovwira Déby, kumuwona kuti ni munthu wakukhora mu Sahel. Déby wakapokelereka ku Washington, D.C. pa ungano wa ŵalongozgi ŵa ku Africa. Nangauli boma la Chad likuzomerezga fundo iyi, kweni ŵakugaluka ŵa FACT ŵakuti "Chad ni ufumu yayi".<ref>{{cite web |date=April 21, 2021 |title=Who are Chad's FACT rebels and what are their goals? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/21/who-are-chads-fact-rebels-and-what-are-their-goals |accessdate=April 22, 2021 |work=Al Jazeera}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Chad's President Idriss Déby dies 'in clashes with rebels' |work=BBC News |date=20 April 2021 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56815708 |access-date=20 April 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramadane |first=Madjiasra Nako, Mahamat |date=April 21, 2021 |title=Chad in turmoil after Deby death as rebels, opposition challenge military |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chad-deby-idUSKBN2C818G |access-date=April 21, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Tahingam |first1=Pierre |title=Sommet USA-Afrique : Mahamat Idriss Deby prend part aux travaux |url=https://www.journaldutchad.com/sommet-usa-afrique-mahamat-idriss-deby-prend-part-aux-travaux/ |access-date=4 May 2023 |website=Journal du Tchad |publisher=Journal du Tchad}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Irish |first1=John |last2=Salaün |first2=Tangi |date=April 22, 2021 |title=With eye on Islamist fight, France backs Chad military takeover |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/france-defends-chad-military-takeover-needed-ensure-stability-2021-04-22/ |accessdate=April 22, 2021 |work=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gerald |first1=Krieger |date=2022 |title=Challenges in Mali, the Importance of Legitimate Governance in Combatting Terrorism and Violent Extremism |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/48687538.pdf |journal=Journal of Strategic Security |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=22–38 |doi=10.5038/1944-0472.15.3.2009 |jstor=48687538 |s2cid=252262159 |access-date=4 May 2023}}</ref>

=== National Dialogue ===
Pamanyuma pakukana kudumbiskana na magulu gha ŵakugaluka, Déby wakachepeska maghanoghano ghake mu Ogasiti 2021, na kupempha kuti paŵe kudumbiskana kwa chalo chose. Pamanyuma pakuti gulu la ŵakugaluka likakolerana na ivyo wakayowoya, pamanyuma pa myezi yiŵiri, mabungwe gha boma na ŵakwimira ŵakugaluka ghakamba kudumbiskana vya mtende. Maungano agha ghakafika paumaliro pa Ogasiti 8, 2022, apo ŵakalembeska phangano la mtende ku Doha. Ndipouli, phangano la mtende likakanika na gulu la FACT na magulu ghanyake agho ghakwimikana nalo, kweniso na magulu gha wupu wa ŵanthu awo ŵakagomezganga kuti boma la ŵanthu liŵengeko yayi. Cifukwa cakuti ŵanthu ŵakakolerana yayi na phangano la mtende, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakamba yayi kuchezga. Nangauli pakaŵavya ŵakususka ŵanandi kweniso ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakhumba yayi kuti paŵe kudumbiskana, kweni ŵakawona kuti ntchiwemi kusazgirako nyengo yakwendakwenda na kunyamura mavoti mpaka Okutobala 2024.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=13 December 2022 |title=Chad's Transition: Easing Tensions Online |url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/central-africa/chad/b183-chads-transition-easing-tensions-online |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=International Crisis Group |publisher=International Crisis Group}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramadane |first=Mahamat |date=3 October 2022 |title=Junta set to stay in power after Chad delays elections by two years |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/junta-set-stay-power-after-chad-delays-elections-by-two-years-2022-10-02/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003163953/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/junta-set-stay-power-after-chad-delays-elections-by-two-years-2022-10-02/ |archive-date=3 October 2022}}</ref>Mu Malichi 2023, Déby wakagowokera ŵa FACT ŵakukwana 380, ndipo ŵanandi mwa iwo ŵakaŵa pakati pa ŵanthu 400+ awo ŵakakakika chifukwa cha nyifwa ya awiske.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prentice |first1=Alessandra |title=Chad pardons 380 rebels in apparent peace gesture |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/chad-pardons-380-rebels-apparent-peace-gesture-2023-03-25/ |access-date=9 April 2023 |website=Reuters |date=25 March 2023 |agency=Reuters}}</ref>

=== Chiwoneskelo cha Okutobala 2022 ===
Pa 3 Okutobala, wupu wa Transitional Military Council ukati walekeska mavoti, ndipo pa 20 Okutobala, zuŵa lakwamba la mavoti, pakaŵa ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakakolerana na demokilase. Ŵanthu aŵa ŵakachitanga viphikiro mu misumba ya N'Djamena na Moundou, ndipo ŵakalongozgekanga na Wakit Tamma na Succès Masra, mulongozgi wa chipani cha Les Transformateurs. Pakuzgora ku viyezgelero ivi, ŵasilikari ŵa boma ŵakacicizga ŵanthu awo ŵakasuskanga ndipo boma likakanizga ŵanthu kugwiliskira nchito Intaneti. Nkhaza zikamara na nyifwa ya ŵanthu pakati pa 50 na 200, kusazgapo Orédjé Narcisse, ndipo ŵanthu 600 ŵakakakika.<ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1">{{cite web |last1=Nodjimbadem |first1=Katie |title=Chad's Coup Leader Stops Democracy in Its Tracks |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/12/06/chad-deby-coup-leader-democracy/ |access-date=9 April 2023 |website=Foreign Policy |publisher=Foreign Policy}}</ref> Pa ŵanthu 600+ aŵa, 342 ŵakakakika na kuŵikika mu jele vyaka 1 m'paka 3. Pamanyuma, zuŵa ili likamanyikwa kuti "Lachinayi Wakufipa" cifukwa ca nkhaza izo zikacitikanga. Pamanyuma pa viwawa ivi, Déby wakapa mulandu ŵanthu awo ŵakachitanga viwawa ivi na awo ŵakachitanga. Pambuyo pa zionetserozo, zipani za chipani chotsutsa zinayimitsidwa, pakati pawo Les Transformateurs ndi Tchadi Socialist Party. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Hold Your Fire! Podcast |title=After the Crackdowns, is Chad's Transition Unravelling? |url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/central-africa/chad/after-crackdowns-chads-transition-unravelling |access-date=4 May 2023 |website=International Crisis Group |date=28 October 2022 |publisher=International Crisis Group}}</ref>

=== France yikukhozgera upharazgi ===
Nangauli muwuso wa Déby ukaŵa wambura demokilase, kweni wakapokera wovwiri ukuru ku vyaru vya kumanjiliro gha dazi, comenecomene ku France, caru ico cikakolerana na Tchad. Emmanuel Macron wakaluta ku dindi la Idriss Déby, uko wakalayizga wovwiri wake ku boma la Déby na kukhazikika kwa Chad, uko France yikakhozga kwizira mu Operation Barkhane, uko kukaŵa ŵasilikari ŵakujumpha 5,000 ŵa ku France mu Sahel, na ofesi yawo yikuru mu Chad. Déby wakizaso kwa Macron ku Elysee Palace mu Juni 2021, uko wose ŵaŵiri ŵakadumbiskana vya kusintha kwa ndyali mu Chad. Nangauli boma la France likamalizga ntchito ya Barkhane mu 2021, kweni likuleka yayi kovwira boma la Déby ndipo likulutilira kuŵika ŵasilikari mu chigaŵa ichi. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Doukhan |first1=Dr. David |title=The end of operation Barkhane |url=https://ict.org.il/the-end-of-operation-barkhane/ |access-date=4 May 2023 |website=International Institute for Counterterrorism |date=28 November 2022 |publisher=International Institute for Counterterrorism}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Macron announces the end of France's anti-Islamist Operation Barkhane in the Sahel |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210610-live-macron-to-announce-a-restructuring-of-french-forces-in-mali |access-date=10 April 2023 |website=France 24 |date=10 June 2021 |publisher=France 24}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Schofield |first1=Hugh |title=France calls time on anti-jihadist Operation Barkhane in Sahe |work=BBC News |date=9 November 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63575602 |access-date=10 April 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mahamat Déby's first foreign trip to Paris |url=https://diplomatmagazine.eu/2021/07/06/mahamat-debys-first-foreign-trip-to-paris/ |access-date=9 April 2023 |website=Diplomat Magazine |publisher=Diplomat Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Pelz |first1=Daniel |title=Why France is backing Chad's new leader, Mahamat Idriss Deby |url=https://www.dw.com/en/why-france-is-backing-chads-new-leader-mahamat-idriss-deby/a-57316728 |access-date=9 April 2023 |website=DW |publisher=DW}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Marielle |first1=Debos |title=COLONIAL VIOLENCE AND RESISTANCE IN CHAD (1900-1960) |url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/colonial-violence-and-resistance-chad-1900-1960.html |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=SciencesPo Mass Violence and Resistance- Research Network |date=25 January 2016 |publisher=Sciences Po}}</ref>

== Wonaniso ==
*[[Military of Chad]]

==Ukaboni==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category}}
{{Wikiquote|Mahamat Déby Itno}}
{{Presidents of Chad}}
{{Heads of state of republics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deby Itno, Mahamat}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Chadian Muslims]]
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Heads of state of Chad]]
[[Category:20th-century Chadian politicians]]
[[Category:Generals]]
[[Category:Chadian military leaders]]
[[Category:Children of presidents]]
[[Category:People from Hadjer-Lamis Region]]
[[Category:Chadian anti-communists]]
[[Category:Leaders who took power by coup]]