Ronald Clark

Ronald Charles Clark (28 Epulero 1914 – 12 Juni 2000) wakaŵa nkhwantha ya vyamoyo, nkhwantha ya viyowoyero, na msambizgi wa ku Britain uyo wakamanyikwanga chomene chifukwa cha mulimo wake pakupanga na kukhozgera Glosa, chiyowoyero chakovwira cha pa charu chose chapasi icho chikafuma ku Interglossa, icho chikapangika pakwamba na Lancelot Hogben. Clark’s pamanyuma pake mgwirizano na Wendy Ashby ukaŵa wakuzirwa chomene pakusintha Glosa kuŵa chida chakugwira ntchito na chakusangika cha kuyowoyeskana na masambiro gha pa charu chose.

Mbiri ya umoyo

Umoyo wakwamba na masambiro

Ronald Clark wakababikira ku St. Adada ŵake, awo ŵakaŵa injiniya pamoza na Marconi, ŵakafwa ku France mu nyengo ya Nkhondo Yakwamba ya Caru Cose apo ŵakateŵeteranga pa wayilesi, ndipo Ron wakalereka waka na anyina awo ŵakatemwanga mtende, ndipo ŵakatoraso yayi.

Pakukulira ku Hampstead, Clark wakasambira chomene ndipo wakamba kutemwa chomene sumu za classical na jazz kufuma waka apo wakaŵa mwana. Wakasambira ku sukulu ya Marylebone Grammar ndipo pamanyuma wakapokera ndalama zakusambira ku yunivesite ya London. Wakasambiranga chomene masamu, vyamoyo, munkhwala, na sayansi, ndipo wakasambirangaso Chirasha, Chijeremani, na Chifurenchi kuti wawovwire ŵanthu kuyowoyeskana para ŵali paulendo.

Sayansi na ivyo munthu wakutemwa

Clark wakatemwanga chomene vyamoyo ndipo wakatemwanga chomene kumanya vya mycology na vyamoyo vya mu maji ghawemi. Wakapatura nyengo yake yinandi kusambira vya bowa, vinyama vichokovichoko, na vyamoyo vya mu maji ku mizi ya ku England, kanandi wakagwiliskiranga ntchito vinthu vichokovichoko na vithuzithuzi kuti walembe ivyo wakasanga. Wakamba kutemwaso kupanga vinyo na kupanga moŵa ku nyumba nga ni vyakutemwa vya sayansi na vyakuphika.

Pamanyuma Ron na anyina ŵakasamira ku mizi ku Shaftesbury, Wiltshire, uko ŵakaŵa na munda uchoko uwo ukaŵa na ng’ombe za mkaka, nkhuku, na njuchi. Ŵakalutanga ku France nyengo zose, comenecomene ku Côte d’Azur, ndipo ŵakaŵa paubwezi unandi na ŵalendo ŵakufuma ku vyaru vinyake.

Kunjilirapo pa kupanga chiyowoyero chakupangika

Kusangika kwa Interglossa

Mu vilimika vya kumanyuma vya m’ma 1960, Clark wakasanga buku ilo likalembeka mu nyuzipepara ya The Daily Telegraph ilo likalembeka mu buku la Lancelot Hogben lakuti Interglossa: Pakuti wakakondwa comene na fundo yakuti paŵe ciyowoyero cakupulikikwa, cakovwira pa caru cose, Clark wakasanga buku ili ndipo mwaluŵiro wakalemberana makalata na Hogben mwaluŵiro. Nangauli umoyo wa Hogben ukapangiska kuti ŵaleke kukolerana chomene, kweni wakachiska Clark kuti wasinthe na kusazgirako chiyowoyero ichi.

Kupanga Glosa

Clark wakatora suzgo la kulutilira na mulimo wa Hogben, ndipo paumaliro wakathya mtundu wa mazuŵa ghano kuti Glosa. Pakwamba wakagwiranga nchito yekha ndipo pamanyuma wakagwiranga nchito na Wendy Ashby uyo wakakolerananga nayo, wakapangiska kuti galamala yiŵe yipusu, wakasazgirako mazgu, ndipo wakapanga vinthu vinandi vyakusambizga kuti ŵawovwire awo ŵakusambira ciyowoyero.

Mu 1980s, Clark wakambiska pamoza na Ashby bungwe la masambiro la Glosa (GEO), na chilato chakuti ŵakhozgere Glosa pa charu chose. Ŵakasindikizga mabuku ghakusambizgira, madikishonale, na makalata ghakupharazga nkhani, ndipo ŵakachitanga maungano gha ŵanthu ŵa mu chigaŵa chawo nyengo zose na masambiro gha viyowoyero ku UK, kusazgapo ku Mudeford, Hampstead, na Richmond upon Thames.

Kukolerana na Wendy Ashby

Wendy Ashby wakazgoka munthu wakukhumbikwa chomene pa mulimo wa kukhozgera na kupanga Glosa. Pamoza, ŵakalemba mabuku ghanandi, kusazgapo "Glosa 6000", na "Glosa Dictionary", agho ghakalongosora mazgu gha chiyowoyero na kapangikiro kake mu nthowa yakusangika. Ashby wakawovwiraso chomene pakukhazikiska wupu wa masambiro wa Glosa na kupanga mabuku ghakupharazgira ŵanthu, kusazgapo nyuzipepara ya Glosa iyo yikalembeka kwa nyengo yitali yakuchemeka PGN.

Umoyo wa pamanyuma na chiharo

Mu vyaka vyake vyakumasinda, Clark wakalutilira kusambizga na kukhozgera Glosa, wakaluta kutali chomene ku Italy na kulutilira kuyowoyeskana na ŵanthu ŵa pa charu chose awo ŵakakhozgeranga Glosa ku France, Uganda, na Netherlands. Wakalutilira kuŵa wanzeru ndipo wakajipeleka comene kupharazga ŵanthu, kusambira vyakumera, na kuluta ku nyumba zakusungiramo vinthu vyakale m’paka apo wakafwira.

Clark wakafwa pa 12 June 2000 apo wakaŵa na vilimika 86. Chiharo chake chikukhalapo chifukwa cha kulutilira kugwiliskira ntchito na kupanga Glosa, chomenechomene chifukwa cha kuyezgayezga kwa Wendy Ashby na ŵanyake awo ŵakulimbikira chiyowoyero.

Ntchito

• Ashby, Wendy & Clark, Ronald: Glosa 6000: 6000 Greek and Latin words and roots which occur in the Euro-languages and international scientific terminology. London: 1983 (48 p.)
• Ashby, Wendy & Clark, Ronald: Glosa 1000. Richmond: Glosa, 1984
• Ashby, Wendy & Clark, Ronald: Basic dictionary of the international language Glosa. Richmond [Surrey]: Glosa, 1987 (44 p.)
• Ashby, Wendy: 18 steps to fluency in Euro-Glosa. Glosa, 1989 (2nde edition)
• Ashby, Wendy & Clark, Ronald: Introducing Euro-Glosa. Richmond: Glosa, 1990 (36 p.)

Wonaniso

• Glosa
• Interglossa
• Chiyowoyero chakupangika
• Lancelot Hogben
• Mathilde Ter Heijne