Ndondomeko ya uthenga
Nthowa ya uthenga (IS) ni nthowa yakumanyikwa, sociotechnical, ndondomeko ya bungwe iyo yikupangika kuti yitolere, kupanga, kusunga, na kugaŵira uthenga.[1] Kufuma pa umo ŵanthu ŵakuwonera vinthu, ndondomeko za uthenga zili na vigaŵa vinayi: ntchito, ŵanthu, kapangikiro (panji maudindo), na luso.Longola ivyo vyabudika: Closing </ref>
missing for <ref>
tag na data iyo yikugwiriskirika nchito kuti yipeleke uthenga na kuwovwira pa chimanyisko.
Nthowa ya uthenga wa pa kompyuta ni nthowa, iyo yili na ŵanthu na makompyuta agho ghakupanga panji kuzgoŵezga uthenga.[2][3] Lizgu ili nyengo zinyake likugwiriskirikaso nchito ku . kuyowoya waka za kompyuta iyo yili na mapulogiramu gha pa kompyuta.
"Nthowa zakumanyiskira" ni nthowaso ya masambiro ya masambiro ghakukhwaskana na ndondomeko izo zikuyowoya za uthenga na ma netiweki ghakovwira gha vipangizo vya pa kompyuta na mapulogiramu agho ŵanthu na mabungwe ŵakugwiliskira ntchito pakuwunganya, kusefa, kupanga, kupanga ndiposo kugaŵira data.[4] Kukhozgera likuŵikika pa ndondomeko ya uthenga iyo yili na mphaka yakusimikizgika, awo ŵakugwiliskira ntchito, awo ŵakunozga, awo ŵakusunga, awo ŵakunjizga, awo ŵakufumamo na nthowa zakudumbiskana izo zayowoyeka pacanya apa.Longola ivyo vyabudika: Closing </ref>
missing for <ref>
tag[5][6][7]
Nthowa yiliyose yakumanyiskira ŵanthu yikukhumba kovwira ntchito, kulongozga na kusankha vinthu.[8] Nthowa yakumanyiskira ŵanthu ni uthenga na luso lwa kuyowoyeskana (ICT) ilo wupu ukugwiriskira nchito, ndiposo umo ŵanthu ŵakuchitira na luso ili kuti ŵawovwire pa ndondomeko ya bizinesi.Longola ivyo vyabudika: Closing </ref>
missing for <ref>
tag wakususka kuti kuwona ndondomeko ya uthenga nga ni mtundu wapadera wa ndondomeko ya ntchito kuli na vitumbiko vyake. Nthowa ya ntchito ni nthowa iyo ŵanthu panji makina ŵakuchitira ndondomeko na milimo yakugwiliskira ntchito vinthu kuti ŵapange vinthu panji ntchito zakupambanapambana za makasitomala. Nthowa ya uthenga ni nthowa ya ntchito iyo milimo yikupelekeka ku kukora, kutumizga, kusunga, kusanga, kugwiliskira ntchito na kulongora uthenga.[9]
Pakuŵa nthena, ndondomeko za uthenga zikukolerana na ndondomeko za data ku chigaŵa chimoza na ndondomeko za milimo ku chigaŵa chinyake.Longola ivyo vyabudika: Closing </ref>
missing for <ref>
tag
Association for Computing Machinery yikulongosora kuti "Ŵasayansi ŵa ndondomeko ya uthenga [nga] ŵakuŵika mtima [ing] pa kuphatikiza umanyi mayankho na ndondomeko za bizinesi kuti ŵafiske ivyo vikukhumbikwa pa uthenga wa malonda na mabizinesi ghanyake."[10]
Pali mitundu yakupambanapambana ya ndondomeko za uthenga, : kusazgapo ndondomeko yakulongozgera malondas, ndondomeko yakuwovwira pakusankhas, ndondomeko yakulongozgera chimanyiskos, ndondomeko yakulongozgera kusambiras, ndondomeko yakulongozgera database . systems, na ndondomeko zakumanyiskira ŵanthu mu maofesi. Chinthu chakuzirwa chomene ku ndondomeko zinandi za uthenga ni tekinoloje ya uthenga, iyo kanandi yikupangika kuti yiwovwire ŵanthu kuchita milimo iyo wongo wa munthu ukukwaniska yayi, nga ni: kugwiliskira ntchito uthenga unandi, kuchita mawerengero ghakusuzga, na kulongozga vinthu vinandi ivyo vikuchitika pa nyengo yimoza.
Ma tekinoloje ghakumanyiska ŵanthu ni chinthu chakuzirwa chomene ndiposo chakukhozga chomene icho chikusangika ku ŵalara ŵa boma.[11] Makampani ghanandi ghapanga malo gha mulongozgi wa uthenga (CIO) uyo wakukhala pa wupu wa ŵalara pamoza na mulongozgi mulara. (CEO), mulongozgi wa vya ndalama (CFO), mulongozgi wa ntchito (COO), na . mulongozgi wa ŵasayansi (CTO). CTO wangateŵeteraso nga ni CIO, ndiposo mwakuyana waka. mulongozgi wa chivikiliro cha uthenga (CISO) wakuŵika mtima chomene pa chivikiliro cha uthenga kulongozga.
Vigaŵa 6
[lemba | kulemba source]Vigaŵa 6 ivyo vikwenera kuwungana pamoza kuti vipangiske ndondomeko ya uthenga ni ivi:Longola ivyo vyabudika: Closing </ref>
missing for <ref>
tag mu vilimika vya m’ma 1980 pakaŵa piramidi ya ndondomeko izo zikalongoranga ndondomeko ya bungwe, kanandi ndondomeko zakulongozgera malonda zikaŵanga pasi pa piramidi, ndipo pamanyuma pake pakaŵanga [ 1 ]. [ndondomeko zakumanyiskira ŵalongozgi]], ndondomeko zakovwira pa kusankha vinthu, ndipo kumalizga na . ndondomeko zakumanyiskira ŵalara ŵa boma pachanya. Nangauli chiyelezgero cha piramidi chikulutilira kuŵa chakovwira kufuma waka apo chikapangikira, kweni vinthu viphya vinandi vyapangika ndiposo vigaŵa viphya vya ndondomeko za uthenga vyawoneka, vinyake mwa vinthu ivi vikukoleranaso yayi na chiyelezgero chakwamba cha piramidi.
Viyelezgero vinyake vya ndondomeko zanthena ni ivi:
- Mahara ghakupangika ndondomeko
- Pulatifomu ya kompyuta
- Malo ghakusungiramo data
- Nthowa yakuwovwira ŵanthu kusankha vinthu
- Kunozga vyakukhumbikwa vya bizinesi
- Nthowa za bizinesi
- Nthowa za ŵamanyi
- Nthowa yakumanyiskira malo
- Uthenga wa pa charu chose s .dongosolo
- Nthowa yakumanyiskira vyakulongozga
- Nthowa yakumanyiskira vithuzithuzi vinandi
- Kuchita kwa ofesi
- Nthowa yakulongozgera ndondomeko
- Ma injini ghakupenjera
- Nthowa yakumanyiskira ŵanthus
Nthowa yakumanyiskira ŵanthu pa kompyuta (-based) ndiyo yikupangiska kuti IS yigwiriskirenge nchito tekinoloje ya kompyuta kuti yichitenge milimo yinyake panji yose iyo yikunozga. Vigaŵa vyakuzirwa vya ndondomeko ya kumanyiska ŵanthu pa kompyuta ni ivi:
- Hardware ni vipangizo nga ni monita, purosesa, printer, na kiyibodi, vyose vikugwira ntchito pamoza kuti vizomerezge, kugwira ntchito, kulongora data, na uthenga.
- Software ni mapulogalamu agho ghakuzomerezga kuti hardware yichitenge data.
- Databases ni kuwunganya mafayilo panji matebulo ghakukolerana agho ghali na data yakukolerana.
- Networks ni nthowa yakukolerana iyo yikupangiska kuti makompyuta ghakupambanapambana ghagaŵire vinthu.
- Nthowa ni malango ghakusazga vigaŵa ivyo vili pachanya kuti vipangiske uthenga na kupanga ivyo vikukhumbikwa.
Vigaŵa vinayi vyakwamba (hardware, software, database, na network) ndivyo vikupanga ivyo vikuchemeka kuti pulatifomu ya tekinoloje.
Ŵantchito ŵa vya tekinoloje ŵangagwiliskira ntchito vigaŵa ivi kuti ŵapange ndondomeko za uthenga izo zikulaŵilira ndondomeko za chivikiliro, ngozi na umo data yikuchitikira. Ivyo ŵakuchita vikumanyikwa kuti ntchito za tekinoloje.Longola ivyo vyabudika: Closing </ref>
missing for <ref>
tag na kupima magazini|yakumaliya1=Aram|yakwamba1=Michael|yakumaliya2=Neumann|yakwamba2=Gustaf|mutu=Kusanda kwa vigaŵa vinandi kwa kupanga pamoza kwa ndondomeko za uthenga wa bizinesi|magazini=Nyuzipepara ya Intaneti na Mapulogalamu 1| kulutilira, kukura kwa pamoza kwa ndondomeko zanthena mukati mwa bungwe na wose awo ŵakuchitako ŵanthu ŵekha.
Nthowa yakumanyiskira vinthu yingapangika mu nyumba (mukati mwa bungwe) panji kupelekeka ku ŵanyawo. Ivi vingafiskika mwa kupereka vigaŵa vinyake panji ndondomeko yose ku ŵanyake.Longola ivyo vyabudika: Closing </ref>
missing for <ref>
tag pa kuzenga ndondomeko za IT [12][13][14]Longola ivyo vyabudika: Invalid parameter in <ref>
tagLongola ivyo vyabudika: Closing </ref>
missing for <ref>
tag pa kuzenga ndondomeko za IT [15][16][14]Longola ivyo vyabudika: Invalid parameter in <ref>
tag[17]
Ŵasambiri ŵanandi ŵa IS ŵadumbiskana za umo ndondomeko za uthenga zikuŵira na maziko ghake agho ghakufuma mu visambizgo vinyake vyakulongosora nga ni sayansi ya kompyuta, uinjiniya, masamu, sayansi ya kalongozgiro, cybernetics, na ŵanyake.[18] Nthowa zakumanyiskira ŵanthu nazo zingalongosoreka kuti ni msonkho wa vipangizo vyakukhozga, mapulogalamu gha kompyuta, data, ŵanthu, na ndondomeko izo zikukolerana kuti zipangiske uthenga uwemi.
Mazgu ghakuyana
[lemba | kulemba source][[Fayilo:IS-Ubale-Chart.jpg|thumb|Ubale wa ndondomeko za uthenga na tekinoloje ya uthenga, sayansi ya kompyuta, sayansi ya uthenga, na bizinesi.]]
Kuyana waka na sayansi ya kompyuta, visambizgo vinyake vingawoneka kuti ni visambizgo vyakukhwaskana na fawundeshoni ya IS. Chigaŵa cha kusambira IS chikukhwaskana na kusambira visambizgo na mikhaliro yakukhwaskana na vyakuchitika vya ŵanthu na vya tekinoloje, ivyo vikupangiska kuti ndondomeko za uthenga ziŵe zakukura, kugwiliskira ntchito, na vyakuchitika mu mabungwe na ŵanthu.[19] Kweni, nangauli pangaŵa kugaŵikana kukuru kwa visambizgo pa mphaka, visambizgo vichali vyakupambana na ivyo vikuŵikapo mtima, chilato, na umo vikuchitikira.[20]
Mu fundo yikuru, ndondomeko za uthenga ni fundo ya sayansi iyo yikulongosora vya ndondomeko, vyakulongozga, na vyakuchitika ivyo vikuchitika pakuwunganya, kupanga, kusunga, kugaŵira, na kugwiliskira ntchito uthenga na tekinoloje yakukolerana nayo mu charu . na mabungwe.[20] Lizgu lakuti ndondomeko za uthenga nalo likugwiriskirika nchito kulongosora mulimo wa bungwe ilo likugwiriskira ncito cimanyisko ca IS mu mafakitale, mabungwe gha boma, na mabungwe ghambura kusanga phindu.[20]
Nthowa zakumanyiskira kanandi zikung'anamura kukolerana pakati pa ndondomeko za algorithmic na tekinoloje. Kuchezga uku kungachitika mukati panji ku mphaka ya bungwe. Nthowa ya uthenga ni tekinoloje iyo wupu ukugwiliskira ntchito ndiposo umo mabungwe ghakuchitira na tekinoloje na umo tekinoloje yikugwilira ntchito na ndondomeko ya bizinesi ya wupu. Nthowa zakumanyiskira ŵanthu zikupambana na information technology (IT) chifukwa nthowa zakumanyiskira vinthu zili na chigaŵa cha uthenga icho chikukolerana na vigaŵa vya ndondomeko.
Suzgo linyake ilo lilipo na nthowa iyi ndakuti likukanizga kuti munda wa IS uŵe na chidwi na kugwiliskira ntchito ICT kwambura bungwe, nga ni pa malo ghakuchezgerapo, maseŵero gha pa kompyuta, kugwiliskira ntchito pa foni, na vinyake. kufumba kuti, "Kasi ni vigaŵa wuli vya unenesko ivyo vikukhumbikwa chomene mu chigaŵa cha IS na vigaŵa vinyake?"Longola ivyo vyabudika: Invalid parameter in <ref>
tag
Business informatics ni sambiro lakuyana waka ilo likukhazikika makora mu vyaru vinandi, comenecomene ku Europe. Nangauli Nthowa zakumanyiskira ŵanthu zayowoyeka kuti zili na "kulongosora-kulongozgeka", business informatics zili na "mazgoro-kulongosoreka" ndipo zikusazgapo uthenga wa tekinoloje vinthu na kuzenga na kukhazikiska-kuwoneska . vinthu.
Nthowa za ntchito
[lemba | kulemba source]Ŵantchito ŵa mu ndondomeko ya kumanyiska ŵanthu ŵakunjira mu ntchito zakupambanapambana:
- Ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ya uthenga
- Management information systems – Nthowa yakumanyiskira vinthu vyakulongozga (MIS) ni nthowa yakumanyiskira vinthu iyo yikugwiriskirika nchito pakusankha vinthu, na kulongozga, kulaŵilira, kusanda, na kuwona vinthu ivyo vikuchitika mu wupu.
- Kulongozga ntchito – Kulongozga ntchito ni nthowa yakuyambiska, kunozga, kuchita, kulaŵilira, na kujara ntchito ya gulu kuti lifiske vilato vinyake na kufiska vigaŵa vinyake vya kupambana pa nyengo yakumanyikwa.
- Enterprise architecture – Nthowa yakulongosoreka makora yakuchitira kafukufuku wa bizinesi, kupanga, kupanga ndondomeko, na kukhazikiska, kugwiliskira ntchito nthowa yakukwana nyengo zose, kuti ndondomeko yiŵe yakunozga na kuchitika.
- Kupanga IS
- Bungwe la IS
- Kusambizga vya IS
- IS chitetezo
- IS kufufuza
Pali nthowa zakupambanapambana za ntchito mu chilango cha ndondomeko za uthenga. "Ŵakugwira ntchito awo ŵali na luso lwapadera lwa tekinoloje na maluso ghakukhora ghakudumbiskana ŵazamuŵa na chigomezgo chiwemi. Ŵantchito awo ŵali na luso lwa kulongozga na kupulikiska ndondomeko na fundo za bizinesi ŵazamuŵa na mwaŵi uwemi chomene, chifukwa makampani ghakulaŵiska chomene pa tekinoloje kuti ŵasange ndalama zinandi."Longola ivyo vyabudika: Closing </ref>
missing for <ref>
tag Hevner et al. (2004)<wonani>Template:Lembani magazini</ref> wakagaŵa kafukufuku mu IS mu vigaŵa viŵiri vya sayansi kusazgapo sayansi ya nkharo iyo njakupanga na kukhozgera visambizgo ivyo vikulongosora panji kuyowoyerathu nkharo ya ŵanthu panji bungwe na sayansi yakupanga iyo yikutambasura mphaka . ya nkhongono za ŵanthu na za bungwe mwa kupanga vinthu viphya na vyakupangika mwaluso.
Salvatore Malichi na Gerald Smith last1 = Malichi | wakwamba1 = S. | waumaliro2 = Smith | wakwamba2 = G. | chaka = 1995 | mutu = Kupanga na sayansi ya chilengiwa mu Tekinoloje ya Uthenga (IT) | journal = Nthowa Zakovwira Ŵanthu pa Kusankha | buku = 15 | nkhani = 4| masamba = 251-266 | doi=10.1016/0167-9236(94)00041-2| title-link = Uteŵeti wa Uthenga | s2cid = 2625498 }}</ref> wakapanga ndondomeko yakufufuzira vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana vya tekinoloje ya uthenga .nology kusazgapo vyakufuma mu kafukufuku (vyakufuma mu kafukufuku) na milimo yakuchitira kafukufuku uyu (milimo ya kafukufuku). Ŵakasanga ivyo vikafuma mu kafukufuku nga ni ivi:
- Kuzenga ivyo ni fundo izo zikupanga mazgu gha chigaŵa. Iwo ŵakupanga conceptualization iyo yikugwiriskirika nchito pakulongosora masuzgo agho ghali mukati mwa chigaŵa na kulongosora umo ŵangamazgira.
- Chiyelezgero icho nchigaŵa cha viganizo panji mazgu ghakulongora ubwezi pakati pa vipangizo.
- Nthowa iyo ni ndondomeko (algorithm panji ndondomeko) iyo yikugwiriskirika nchito pakuchita mulimo. Nthowa zikukhazikika pa seti ya vipangizo vyakupangika pasi na kuyimira (chiyelezgero) cha malo ghakumazgira.
- Instantiation ni kumanya chinthu chakupangika mu malo ghake.
Kweniso milimo ya kafukufuku kusazgapo:
- Kuzenga chinthu chakupangika kuti chichitenge ntchito yinyake.
- Kupima chinthu chakupangika kuti muwone usange pali ivyo vyachitika.
- Kupelekeka kwa chinthu icho chikugwira ntchito chawonekera, nchakukhumbikwa chomene kumanya chifukwa na umo chinthu ichi chikagwilira ntchito panji chikagwiranga ntchito yayi mukati mwa malo ghake. Ntheura, theorize na kulunjiska visambizgo vyakukhwaskana na vinthu vyakupangika na IT.
Nangauli Nthowa zakumanyiskira ŵanthu nga ni chisambizgo zasintha kwa vyaka vyakujumpha 30 sono,[21] fundo yikuru panji chimanyikwiro cha kafukufuku wa IS chichali kugaŵikana pakati pa ŵasambiri.[22] Pali maghanoghano ghaŵiri ghakuru ghakuzingilizga mphindano iyi: maghanoghano ghachoko waka ghakuŵika mtima pa chinthu cha IT nga ni nkhani yikuru ya kafukufuku wa IS, na maghanoghano ghakuru agho ghakuŵika mtima pa kuseŵera pakati pa ŵanthu na ŵaluso . vigaŵa vya IT ivyo vikuŵikika mu nyengo yakusinthasintha.[23] wakuchema ŵasambiri ŵa IS kuti ŵaŵikengepo mtima mwakuyana pa vyose viŵiri vya IT na umo vikuchitikira.
Pakuti kusambira vya ndondomeko ya uthenga ni nchito iyo yikugwiriskirika ncito, awo ŵakugwira nchito mu mafakitale ŵakulindilira kuti kafukufuku wa ndondomeko za uthenga wazamusanga vinthu ivyo vingagwiliskirika nchito nyengo yeneyiyo pa nchito. Kweni ivi vikuchitika nyengo zose yayi, chifukwa ŵakusanda vya ndondomeko za uthenga kanandi ŵakusanda nkhani za nkharo mwakukwana chomene kuluska umo ŵadokotala ŵangagomezgera kuti ŵachitenge. Ici cingapangiska kuti ivyo vikusangika pa kafukufuku wa ndondomeko za uthenga viŵe vyakusuzga kupulikiska, ndipo vyapangiska kuti ŵanthu ŵasuske.[24]
Mu vyaka 10 ivyo vyajumpha, bizinesi yikuyimilirika na kukura kwakukwana kwa mulimo wa Information Systems Function (ISF), chomenechomene pa nkhani ya ndondomeko za bizinesi na ntchito zakovwira. Icho chikazgoka chinthu chikuru chomene kuti .kuwonjezera kupanga na kukhozgera kupanga mtengo. Vinthu, vyakulongozga na vyakuzirwa, mu Vigaŵa vya Masambiro gha Nthowa za Uthenga, D'Atri A., De Marco M., Casalino N. (Ŵakulemba), Physica-Verlag, Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 89-96, {{doi |
Wupu wa ŵasayansi ŵa pa charu chose awo ŵakusanda vya ndondomeko ya uthenga, Association for Information Systems (AIS), na Komiti yake Yichoko ya Ŵasambiri Ŵalara pa Mabuku (202), ŵakapanga mndandanda wa magazini 11 agho AIS yikuwona kuti ‘ngawemi chomene’.Longola ivyo vyabudika: Closing </ref>
missing for <ref>
tag kusazgapo Msonkhano wa ku Australia wakukhwaskana na ndondomeko za uthenga (ACIS), Msonkhano wa Scandinavia pa ndondomeko za uthenga (SCIS), Msonkhano wa pa charu chose wa ndondomeko za uthenga (ISICO), Msonkhano wa Chaputala cha Italy . ya AIS (itAIS), Msonkhano wa Pachaka wa AIS wa Pakati pa Kumanjiliro gha dazi (MWAIS) na Pachaka . Msonkhano wa AIS ya Kummwera (SAIS). EDSIG,Longola ivyo vyabudika: Closing </ref>
missing for <ref>
tag agho ghose ghakuchitika chaka chilichose mu Novembala.
Wonaniso
[lemba | kulemba source]Template:Col-yambani Template:Kupumula kwa Col
- Nkhani zakuyana
- Nkhani yakusambizga
- Kuchezga kwa ŵanthu na kompyuta
- Vimanyikwiro
- Sayansi ya uthenga
- Sayansi ya layibulare
- Sayansi ya pa webusayitis
- Vigaŵa
- Wakupanga data
- Kuyezgelera kwa data
- Nthowa yakunozgera data
- Chiyelezgero cha Data
- Malo ghakusungamo data
- KURYA
- Vyakulembeka
- Chiyowoyero cha Markup cha Chiyelezgero cha Kulotezga
- Kumasulira kwa mazgu
- Nthowa zitatu za schema
- Kukhazikiska
- Nthowa yakumanyiskira vya bizinesi
- Malo ghakuwoneskera vya chilengiwa
- Bungwe la Kafukufuku wa Ntchito na Sayansi ya Ulongozgi (INFORMS)
Mazgu ghakulongosora
[lemba | kulemba source]Kuŵerenga kwakusazgikira
[lemba | kulemba source]- Mvula, R. Kelly na Cegielski, Casey G. (2009). "Mazgu Ghakwamba gha Nthowa Zakumanyiskira: Kupangiska na Kusintha Bizinesi, Buku Lachitatu"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628201559/http://www.kuwonjezera kupanga na kukhozgera kupanga mtengo. Vinthu, vyakulongozga na vyakuzirwa, mu Vigaŵa vya Masambiro gha Nthowa za Uthenga, D'Atri A., De Marco M., Casalino N. (Ŵakulemba), Physica-Verlag, Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 89-96, {{doi |
Wupu wa ŵasayansi ŵa pa charu chose awo ŵakusanda vya ndondomeko ya uthenga, Association for Information Systems (AIS), na Komiti yake Yichoko ya Ŵasambiri Ŵalara pa Mabuku (202), ŵakapanga mndandanda wa magazini 11 agho AIS yikuwona kuti ‘ngawemi chomene’.Longola ivyo vyabudika: Closing </ref>
missing for <ref>
tag kusazgapo Msonkhano wa ku Australia wakukhwaskana na ndondomeko za uthenga (ACIS), Msonkhano wa Scandinavia pa ndondomeko za uthenga (SCIS), Msonkhano wa pa charu chose wa ndondomeko za uthenga (ISICO), Msonkhano wa Chaputala cha Italy . ya AIS (itAIS), Msonkhano wa Pachaka wa AIS wa Pakati pa Kumanjiliro gha dazi (MWAIS) na Pachaka . Msonkhano wa AIS ya Kummwera (SAIS). EDSIG,Longola ivyo vyabudika: Closing </ref>
missing for <ref>
tag agho ghose ghakuchitika chaka chilichose mu Novembala.
Wonaniso
[lemba | kulemba source]Template:Col-yambani Template:Kupumula kwa Col
- Nkhani zakuyana
- Nkhani yakusambizga
- Kuchezga kwa ŵanthu na kompyuta
- Vimanyikwiro
- Sayansi ya uthenga
- Sayansi ya layibulare
- Sayansi ya pa webusayitis
- Vigaŵa
- Wakupanga data
- Kuyezgelera kwa data
- Nthowa yakunozgera data
- Chiyelezgero cha Data
- Malo ghakusungamo data
- KURYA
- Vyakulembeka
- Chiyowoyero cha Markup cha Chiyelezgero cha Kulotezga
- Kumasulira kwa mazgu
- Nthowa zitatu za schema
- Kukhazikiska
- Nthowa yakumanyiskira vya bizinesi
- Malo ghakuwoneskera vya chilengiwa
- Bungwe la Kafukufuku wa Ntchito na Sayansi ya Ulongozgi (INFORMS)
Mazgu ghakulongosora
[lemba | kulemba source]Kuŵerenga kwakusazgikira
[lemba | kulemba source]- Mvula, R. Kelly na Cegielski, Casey G. (2009). "Mazgu Ghakwamba gha Nthowa Zakumanyiskira: Kupangiska na Kusintha Bizinesi, Buku Lachitatu"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628201559/http://www..html |zuŵa=28.06.2010
- Nkhongono, Davide (2008). Kugwiriskira ncito MIS - Buku laciŵiri].
- Lindsay, Yohane (2000). Nthowa zakumanyikwa - Vinthu vyakuzirwa na nkhani]. Yunivesite ya Kingston, Sukulu ya Nthowa Zakumanyiskira
- Dostal, J. [Nthowa zakumanyikwa za sukulu (Skolni informacni systemy).] Mu Infotech 2007 – uthenga wa mazuŵa ghano na tekinoloje ya kuyowoyeskana mu masambiro. Olomouc, EU: Votobia, 2007. s. 540-546.
- O’Leary, Timote na Linda. (2008). Vinthu vyakuzirwa vyakukhwaskana na kompyuta vyakwamba vya 2008. McGraw-Hill pa webusayiti.
- Nkhwantha, S.M. "Nthowa zakumanyiskira: Kuwona mwakudumura mbiri", Datamation, 63-69, Nov. 1968. - Kuwonekera kwa mbiri yakwamba ya IS.
Malinki gha kuwaro
[lemba | kulemba source]Template:Chigaŵa cha ŵanthu wose
Webusaiti ya mbiri ya IS na AIS]
- [webusayiti.
- [www.ercis.org/ Bungwe la Kufufuza vya Nthowa za Kumanyiska Ŵanthu ku Europe]
Template:Vyakumanyikwa Template:Sayansi ya kompyuta Template:Nthowa Template:Kulaŵilira kwa mazaza
References
[lemba | kulemba source]
|
- ↑ Template:Kuzunura buku
- ↑ la bizinesi.com/kulongosora/ndondomeko-ya-uthenga.html "ndondomeko ya uthenga".
{{cite web}}
: Check|url=
value (help); Unknown parameter|2020811225424. url-mkhaliro=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|ntchito=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|zuŵa lakufikapo=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|zuŵa lakusungiramo vinthu vyakale=
ignored (help) - ↑ Template:Kuyowoya pa webusayiti
- ↑ "Uteŵeti wa Uthenga na Nthowa Zakumanyiskira: Kasi Pali Mpambano Wuli? 2021-11-13". 2020-01-16.
{{cite web}}
: Missing or empty|url=
(help); Unknown parameter|chiyowoyero=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|webusayiti=
ignored (help) - ↑ Template:Lembani webusayiti
- ↑ Template:Lembani webusayiti
- ↑ Template:Kuyowoya pa webusayiti
- ↑ "Chigaŵa chakwamba cha kupanga ndondomeko yakumanyikwa ya pa charu chose chapasi yakugwiriskira ntchito tekinoloje yasono/Software 55312 Kafukufuku". 2013.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help); Unknown parameter|buku=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|kuzunura ml -mkhaliro=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|magazini=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|peji=
ignored (help) - ↑ Alter, S. (2006) Nthowa ya Nthowa ya Ntchito: Kulumikiza Ŵanthu, Ndondomeko, na IT ya Bizinesi . Vyakusatira. Nthowa yakusindikizgirako ntchito, CA
- ↑ Gulu lakukolerana la masambiro gha pa kompyuta 2005. Masambiro gha pa kompyuta gha 2005: Lipoti la Kuwoneseska (pdf)] Template:CC2005-March06Final.pdf
- ↑ Rockart et al. (1996) Vinthu 8 vyakuzirwa vya bungwe liphya la IT Sloan Management review.
- ↑ Template:Yowoyani pa webusayiti
- ↑ Template:Kuyowoya pa webusayiti
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Template:Kuzunura magazini
- ↑ Template:Yowoyani pa webusayiti
- ↑ Template:Kuyowoya pa webusayiti
- ↑ Template:Cite nyuzipepara
- ↑ Culnan, M. J. Kupanga Mapu ya Kapangidwe ka Mahara ka MIS, 2019 . 1980–1985: Kusanda kwakuyowoyeka pamoza, MIS Kotala, 1987, pp. 341–353. Msonkhano Wakwamba wa Pacharu Chose pa Nthowa za Kumanyiskira Ŵanthu, E. McLean (ed.), Philadelphia, PA, 1980, pp. IYO. 1991, pp. Nthowa zakumanyiskira ŵanthu: Nthowa yakumanyikwa?, McGraw- Hill, London, 1997.
- ↑ John, W., na Joe, P (2002) "Kupanga ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ya uthenga." Ed yachitatu. Kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Sussex. John Wiley & Sons Ltd
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Template:Zunura web
- ↑ "Nthowa zakumanyiskira ŵanthu: kasi ni sayansi ya mtundu wuli?". CiteSeerX 10.1.1.203.4718. doi:10.1016/s0305-0483(99)00072-9.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help); Unknown parameter|buku=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|chaka=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|lakumaliya1=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|magazini=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|masamba=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|nkhani=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|wakwamba1=
ignored (help) - ↑ Template:Zunura magazini {wonani> Template:Kuyowoya za nyuzipepara {wonani> Template:Kuyowoya za nyuzipepara
- ↑ Mansour, O., Ghazawneh, A. (2009) Kafukufuku mu Nthowa za Uthenga: Vinthu ivyo vikuchitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo zose kwa nkhongono za IT mu nyengo ya kompyuta ya ŵanthu, mu Molka-Danielsen, J. (Ed.): Nkhani za Seminara ya Kafukufuku wa Nthowa za Uthenga za 32 ku Scandinavia, IRIS 32, Kupanga Kwakusazgapo, Koleji ya Yunivesite ya Molde, Molde, Norway, Ogasiti 2019. 9–12, 2009. ISBN 978-82-7962-120-1. waumaliro1 = Orlikowski | wakwamba1 = W. | waumaliro2 = Iakono | wakwamba2 = C. | chaka = 2001 | mutu = Kafukufuku wakulongosora: kupenja chomene "IT" mu kafukufuku wa IT—kuchema ku theorizing pa IT artifact | journal = Kafukufuku wa Nthowa za Uthenga | buku = 12 | nkhani = 2| masamba = 121-134 | 12.2.121.9700 s2cid = 10833059 }}
- ↑ Imvi; Kukhala. "Kukhumbikwa kwa Kafukufuku wa Information Systems Kuwonekeraso: Kufiska Kwakubisika, Layizgo Lambura Kufiskika, Panji Upusikizgi Wakulongozgeka?". Kupharazga kwa wupu wa ndondomeko za uthenga. doi:10.17705/1CAIS.00823.
{{cite journal}}
: Missing|author1=
(help); Unknown parameter|buku=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|chaka=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|doi-kufika=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|lakumaliya6=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|masamba=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|mlembi-kulumikizga4=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|mlembi-kulumikizga=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|nkhani=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|wakwamba1=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|wakwamba2=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|wakwamba3=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|wakwamba4=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|wakwamba5=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|wakwamba6=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|waumaliro1=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|waumaliro4=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|waumaliro5=
ignored (help)

Template:Informatics Template:Computer science Template:Systems
Warning: Default sort key "Information Systems" overrides earlier default sort key "Nthowa zakumanyikwa".
Piccoli, Gabriele; Pigni, Federico (July 2018). Information systems for managers: with cases (4.0 ed.). Prospect Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-943153-50-3. Retrieved 25 November 2018.
O'Hara, Margaret; Watson, Richard; Cavan, Bruce (1999). "Managing the three levels of change". Information Systems Management. 16 (3): 64. doi:10.1201/1078/43197.16.3.19990601/31317.9. Retrieved 25 November 2018.
"information system". BusinessDictionary.com. Archived from the original on 2020-08-11. Retrieved 2014-09-21.
"Information Systems". Principia Cybernetica Web.
Vladimir Zwass (2016-02-10). "Information system". Britannica.
"What is Information Systems or Information Services (IS)?". Definition from Techopedia. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
"What is IS (information system or information services)?". WhatIs.com. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
"Information Services". Directory. Australian Government. 2 June 2017. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
"Information Services". Ramsey County. 12 September 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
Bulgacs, Simon (2013). "The first phase of creating a standardised international innovative technological implementation framework/Software application". International Journal of Business and Systems Research. 7 (3): 250. doi:10.1504/IJBSR.2013.055312. Retrieved 2015-11-02.
"SEI Report, "Glossary"". Archived from the original on September 3, 2007. Retrieved 2013-04-02.{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
Alter, S (2013). "Work System Theory: Overview of Core Concepts, Extensions, and Challenges for the Future". Journal of the Association for Information Systems. 14 (2): 72–121. doi:10.17705/1jais.00323.
Marc S. Silver, M. Lynne Markus, Cynthia Mathis Beath (Sep 1995). "The Information Technology Interactive Model: A Foundation for the MBA Core Course". MIS Quarterly: 361–390.{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Neumann, Gustaf; Sobernig, Stefan; Aram, Michael (February 2014). "Evolutionary Business Information Systems". Business & Information Systems Engineering. 6 (1): 33–36. doi:10.1007/s12599-013-0305-1. S2CID 15979292.
Aram, Michael; Neumann, Gustaf (2015-07-01). "Multilayered analysis of co-development of business information systems" (PDF). Journal of Internet Services and Applications. 6 (1). doi:10.1186/s13174-015-0030-8. S2CID 16502371.
Using MIS. Kroenke. 2009. ISBN 978-0-13-713029-0.
Börje Langefors (1973). Theoretical Analysis of Information Systems. Auerbach. ISBN 978-0-87769-151-8.
Computer Studies. Frederick Nyawaya. 2008. ISBN 978-9966-781-24-6.
"Computer and Logic Essentials – Units of study – Swinburne University of Technology – Melbourne, Australia".
"Systems Development – Units of study – Swinburne University of Technology – Melbourne, Australia". Archived from the original on 2022-07-05. Retrieved 2015-12-06.
Kelly, Sue; Gibson, Nicola; Holland, Christopher; Light, Ben (July 1999). "Focus Issue on Legacy Information Systems and Business Process Engineering: a Business Perspective of Legacy Information Systems". Communications of the AIS. 2 (7): 1–27.
Archibald, J.A. (May 1975). "Computer Science education for majors of other disciplines". AFIPS Joint Computer Conferences: 903–906. Computer science spreads out over several related disciplines, and shares with these disciplines certain sub-disciplines that traditionally have been located exclusively in the more conventional disciplines
Denning, Peter (July 1999). "Computer Science: The Discipline". Encyclopaedia of Computer Science (2000 Edition). The Domain of Computer Science: Even though computer science addresses both human-made and natural information processes, the main effort in the discipline has been directed toward human-made processes, especially information processing systems and machines
Coy, Wolfgang (June 2004). "Between the disciplines". ACM SIGCSE Bulletin. 36 (2): 7–10. doi:10.1145/1024338.1024340. ISSN 0097-8418. S2CID 10389644. Computer science may be in the core of these processes. The actual question is not to ignore disciplinary boundaries with its methodological differences but to open the disciplines for collaborative work. We must learn to build bridges, not to start in the gap between disciplines
Hoganson, Ken (December 2001). "Alternative curriculum models for integrating computer science and information systems analysis, recommendations, pitfalls, opportunities, accreditations, and trends". Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges. 17 (2): 313–325. ISSN 1937-4771. ... Information Systems grew out of the need to bridge the gap between business management and computer science ...
{{cite book |last1=Davis |first1=Timothy |last2=Geist |first2=Robert |last3=Matzko |first3=Sarah |last4=Westall |first4=James |date=March 2004 |title=Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education |
Hoganson, Ken (December 2001). "Alternative curriculum models for integrating computer science and information systems analysis, recommendations, pitfalls, opportunities, accreditations, and trends". Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges. 17 (2): 313–325. ISSN 1937-4771. The field of information systems as a separate discipline is relatively new and is undergoing continuous change as technology evolves and the field matures
Khazanchi, Deepak; Bjorn Erik Munkvold (Summer 2000). "Is information system a science? an inquiry into the nature of the information systems discipline". ACM SIGMIS Database. 31 (3): 24–42. doi:10.1145/381823.381834. ISSN 0095-0033. S2CID 52847480. From this we have concluded that IS is a science, i.e., a scientific discipline in contrast to purportedly non-scientific fields
Polack, Jennifer (December 2009). "Planning a CIS Education Within a CS Framework". Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges. 25 (2): 100–106. ISSN 1937-4771.
Hayes, Helen; Onkar Sharma (February 2003). "A decade of experience with a common first year program for computer science, information systems and information technology majors". Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges. 18 (3): 217–227. ISSN 1937-4771. In 1988, a degree program in Computer Information Systems (CIS) was launched with the objective of providing an option for students who were less inclined to become programmers and were more interested in learning to design, develop, and implement Information Systems, and solve business problems using the systems approach
Freeman, Peter; Hart, David (August 2004). "A Science of Design for Software-Intensive Systems Computer science and engineering needs an intellectually rigorous, analytical, teachable design process to ensure development of systems we all can live with". Communications of the ACM. 47 (8): 19–21. doi:10.1145/1012037.1012054. ISSN 0001-0782. S2CID 14331332. Though the other components' connections to the software and their role in the overall design of the system are critical, the core consideration for a software-intensive system is the software itself, and other approaches to systematizing design have yet to solve the "software problem"—which won't be solved until software design is understood scientifically
"Scoping the Discipline of Information Systems" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-07-31. Retrieved 2017-12-04.
"Information Systems". Sloan Career Cornerstone Center; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. 2008. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
Hevner; March; Park; Ram (2004). "Design Science in Information Systems Research". MIS Quarterly. 28 (1): 75–105. doi:10.2307/25148625. JSTOR 25148625. S2CID 13553735.
March, S.; Smith, G. (1995). "Design and natural science in Information Technology (IT)". Decision Support Systems. 15 (4): 251–266. doi:10.1016/0167-9236(94)00041-2. S2CID 2625498.
Avgerou, C (2000). "Information systems: what sort of science is it?". Omega. 28 (5): 567–579. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.203.4718. doi:10.1016/s0305-0483(99)00072-9.
Benbasat, I.; Zmud, R. (2003). "The identity crisis within the IS discipline: defining and communicating the discipline's core properties". MIS Quarterly. 27 (2): 183–194. doi:10.2307/30036527. JSTOR 30036527. S2CID 6017797.
Agarwal, R.; Lucas, H. (2005). "The information systems identity crisis: focusing on high- visibility and high-impact research". MIS Quarterly. 29 (3): 381–398. doi:10.2307/25148689. JSTOR 25148689. S2CID 15537428.
El Sawy, O (2003). "The IS core –IX: The 3 faces of IS identity: connection, immersion, and fusion". Communications of the Association for Information Systems. 12: 588–598. doi:10.17705/1cais.01239.
Orlikowski, W.; Iacono, C. (2001). "Research commentary: desperately seeking the "IT" in IT research—a call to theorizing about the IT artifact". Information Systems Research. 12 (2): 121–134. doi:10.1287/isre.12.2.121.9700. S2CID 10833059.
Kock, N.; Gray, P.; Hoving, R.; Klein, H.; Myers, M.; Rockart, J. (2002). "Information Systems Research Relevance Revisited: Subtle Accomplishment, Unfulfilled Promise, or Serial Hypocrisy?". Communications of the Association for Information Systems. 8 (23): 330–346. doi:10.17705/1CAIS.00823.
"AIS affiliated conferences". Archived from the original on 2012-02-15. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
"AIS chapter conferences". affiniscape.com. Archived from the original on 2012-02-27. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
"EDSIG Information Systems Educators".
"Association of Information Technology Professionals".
EDSIG, ISCAP and. "ISCAP Conferences – EDSIGCON & CONISAR".
EDSIG, ISCAP and. "ISCAP Conferences – EDSIGCON & CONISAR".